Author: chris

Goals are said to be the results and the achievements in where there are some directed hard work towards attaining them. They are very significant in someone’s life as they give a clear direction and show the purpose of any action. At the same time one’s self-esteem if boosted and the feeling of more confident. They also help someone to make finest utilization of time and acquire steady steps towards achievement. This paper therefore focuses on the long term three goals in my life which include: personal goal on building my own identity, academic goal on attaining a doctorate degree and a career goal on attaining a managerial position in a company.

Building my own identity is my long term personal goal. In the accomplishment if this goal I need to have identified myself as a person who can stand by his decision and being accountable and responsible of the decision through faith. There is however short terms goals to help me attain this goal such as increasing my commitments on the religious activities here in school and at home on holidays. This will be possible by the help of my patron who will guide me in prayers which will be possible by committing some more extra time on prayers. In a span of around two years I want to have developed a good prayer life such that I will become strong in my faith and be able to have my own identity. One of the intermediate goals is being in a position to lead some directive intercessory prayers in a congregation. This will be possible after I have developed a good prayer life.

Attaining a doctorate degree is my academic long term goal. This will only be possible when I put by effort in my studies. The short term goal to help me attain the final goal will be passing my O-Level to help me get a chance to a college university. The intermediate goal is on attaining at least a second class upper on my graduate degree to make a way to masters and further into a doctorate degree. This will however be possible by the help of my teachers who will help me to attain the necessary knowledge required. I need therefore to start studying hand on books and all relevant education resources to broaden my understanding.

Attaining a managerial position is my career long term goal. This might seem like a mere dream but it is attainable when the short term goals and intermediate goals are met. Some of the short term goals which need to be attained are having a positive thinking especially when dealing with different people and take on some negotiating skills by the time I get to college level. On the intermediate skills I must attain management skills basing on development of new techniques on resource management. Working with other student on group discussions will help in developing positive thinking about others and so I need to engage myself on these groups on their interactions. Taking managerial courses like on resource management will help more in my career.

In conclusion, personal goals, academic goals and career goals are all important developmental goals. The achievement of these goals is directly proportion to the efforts that I will put when working on them. My college work has a high influence in accomplishing them. The involvement of religious activities in my college life will help me in attaining identity. My college performance will open a door way in to tertiary education for me to attain the graduate degree, master’s degree and finally doctorate degree thus attaining my academic goal. Developing some negotiating skills as well as thinking positively about others while still in high school will promote the same virtue especially when working on a managerial position.

Collapsed Mine on Manager’s Fault One of the collapsed mine shaft case happened in West Virginia, where there were some mines digging the coal. The safety director had detected some gas buildup and upon reporting to the manager, he made an assumption that the gas was likely to waste away without explosion. The mining processes therefore continued where sadly the explosion took place and left at least three dead, eight were trapped while some managed to escape. On rescuing process, three more died upon two more explosions and one was killed for food by the trapped victims. From the report given by the safety director which led him to lose his job, the manager was therefore alleged with criminal negligence but the mine recommenced its operations afterwards. I feel that the manager did not care much on human life where he focused more on the financial gains. To begin with, it seems that the cost which the manager would have lost if he closed the mine was too significant to him compared to the lives of the miners. He could not just afford to close the mine where he went ahead and warned the safety director against saying anything regarding the presumed danger. I strongly feel that he knew there were chances of the gas to explode because if not, he could not have posed any warning to the safety director after all he was higher than him in position and he had the final authority. Despite this warning the explosion of the detected gas occurred. I also see that when he realized the situation had worsened he tried on the means to help it. In addition to this he finds it hard in making the decision on the rescuing process as there was much to be spent. In my opinion the amount to be spent on rescuing process should not be the subject but more consideration on the process itself. When putting into considerations of two ways on which one was safer and the cheaper while the second option was more dangerous and expensive he considers the latter as it was faster. In this he does not care much on human life such that the more dangerous way caused three more deaths to them that were rescuing the trapped. Out of this, I think that the reason which led into the latter consideration was to quicken the process that he may continue with the mining process rather than the slower way which would take same time thus delaying the mining process. Making money was more significant because after the safety director gave the report to the newspaper he was fired as he should have remained quiet to secure his job. In conclusion, the poor consideration of human life by the manager resulted into seven people losing their lives. Human life cannot be compared with anything else in the world that worth it. He indirectly caused the trapped miners consequently to cannibalize by eating their fellow miner which is an act against human ethics but they had no chance otherwise they would have all died: an act they may never forget in the rest of their lifetime. Individual selfishness is more dangerous especially when the rights of others are ignored more so right to life. The manager was supposed to enhance good working environment and all safety measures, a responsibility that he failed to. I believe that the case served as an example even to the manager who thereafter took the position on running the mining activities to avoid such occurrences, and not only to him but to all managers. It is clear that the safety director had informed the manager on presumed death and when warned he remained quiet. The biggest challenge or question is what else the safety director could have done to safe the situation now that he himself had all the information at hand.

 

Health care can be defined as the maintenance of mental and physical wellbeing by treating and avoiding sicknesses using services presented in health profession. Health care is as much valuable as the patients’ value and what is considered as the right level of health care is the effectiveness of the treatment or the prevention of a disease at hand. Health care in United State has faced a number of challenges on the effectiveness of the system. Accessibility of the health care has been limited with uneven quality which is dependent on high cost of treatments with frequent errors (Albert 82). This research is inclusive of the redefinition of the health care problems basing also on the historic perspective. There is however solutions which can be put into place in an attempt of fixing the problem thus promoting effective health care system.

To start with, health care system in U.S is considered broken and before the attempts of fixing the problem it is important to understand where the brokenness has taken place, how and why. The cost of health care is very high in U.S thus financial barriers have prevented many from receiving the needed care of their health. Approximately 37% skip medication and fail to see the doctor while others fail to acquire recommended care in that they fail to afford it (Davis par 3). The higher cost in U.S has not enhanced a greater access to health care than elsewhere. The hospitals however, provide liberated care but the approach to promote access to health care is far away from ideal in that there is a significant gap which is experienced between the finest practice and the real nature of care provided. At the same time the high expenditure in the health care would be expected to promote prolonged life expectancy which is not the case. The high rates of medical errors have at the same time caused deaths in U.S. The uninsured have also a problem with accessing health care (Rabin 8).

Back in 1850, accident insurance was founded which provided indemnity against injuries which occurred on railroad or steamboats. At about 1866, there were about sixty insurance organizations which offered accidents coverage. In 1890 the genesis of sickness coverage became effective and in 1911 a disability policy document was issued to the first employer-supporter group. Before 1920, the professionals did not have knowledge on the diseases in the provision of constructive care to the patient thus they could not charge high cost. There was however few employers who provided health insurance while the rest paid the cost from their pockets at the same time being treated at individual’s home. As the doctors improved in their knowledge on diseases that led to offering of effective treatments, they increased the charges while treating people in hospitals using invented medical technologies which increased the cost further.

In 1940 the use of medical technology started being more sophisticated all through to 1960. There was a tremendous increase in insurance companies covering medical care. Even though the system seemed to be more established the cost increased by use of the new technologies and competitions increased among hospitals (Kenneth, Demakis and John 18). The health insurance however needed to be provided to the unemployed, and employees of small companies as some did not offer insurance as well on self employed. In 1970, a new plateau on costs was created on health care by the federal programs. There was however reforms which were done in 1990s on health care in U.S. Health care in U.S have been measured in reference to health insurance provision and not on doctors’ availabilities and hospitals. The concern has been to increase benefits in health insurance thus reduce financial barriers in health care provisions. The healthcare expenditures amounted up to 32% in Medicare together with Medicaid in 2001. In 2007 there were about 15% people without insurance while 1 million people lost insurance coverage in 2009. Without insurance coverage it is hard to acquire proper medical care in U.S.

This challenging problem of high cost in health can however be worked on in attempts or reducing it. Simplifying the complicated health care structure can help reduce the high cost of the health care. Through proper management of these care systems the reforms should be made on health insurance segment which bound the patients from accessing the best health care and also impeded professionals in the sort of care being provided. This is possible when the State tools promote creation of innovative reforms that are meant to lower the overall costs in health care services. Universal coverage of all Americans at an adequate level should be provided by promoting automobile insurance. Every citizen should therefore be enrolled in a health plan of individual’s choice thus all uninsured people would receive payments to cover basic plan system. This is however possible when there is increased efficiency in redirecting revenues either current or new. The insurance premiums that are paid to employees could fund the system as they do not promote health care coverage (Lyon 1).

 

Animal testing has been in existence for a long time for it is a common practice in medical research. Although medical research can be conducted in other ways like use of computer simulations, animals are mostly used because some of them are similar to human beings in several ways.  There are a lot of benefits that human race has derived from animal testing. New drugs are discovered that are able to combat dangerous diseases. In addition, it is possible to test new drugs for the side effects before they can be administered to people. However, it is important to note that using animals for testing has adverse effects because the procedure can kill, injure, increase discomfort or expose animal to a lot of pain. As a result, test on animals raises an issue of concern based on ethics in the view of the fact that life of animals, like that of human beings ought to be preserved.  With that background in mind, this essay is an argument on whether it is right or to conduct test on animals based on utilitarian concepts of the moral theory and Kantian Ethics and Categorical Imperative. The main issue of concern will be to argue out whether it is ethical or unethical to test on animals, when testing to save human life.

Testing on animals can be either wrong or right depending with the perspective the issue is being looked at.  For instance, in accordance to the utilitarian perspective, the correctness of an action is dependent on its utility as illustrated in the following extract

Bentham’s moral theory was founded on the assumption that it is the consequences of human actions that count in evaluating their merit and that the kind of consequence that matters for human happiness is just the achievement of pleasure and avoidance of pain. He argued that the hedonistic value of any human action is easily calculated by considering how intensely its pleasure is felt, how long that pleasure lasts, how certainly and how quickly it follows upon the performance of the action, and how likely it is to produce collateral benefits and avoid collateral harms. Taking such matters into account, we arrive at a net value of each action for any human being affected by it (Kemerling par. 2).

 

Therefore, the contribution of an action towards an intrinsic good state like happiness or pleasure as well satisfaction, determines whether it is right or wrong. Based on that perspective, test on animals is right because it is beneficial to human beings. Study of history has indicated that initially, before major discoveries were made in the scientific field, epidemics used to wipe out a large population within are very   short time. In addition, there were a lot of diseases which were affecting people like leprosy and used to reduce their ability to   enjoy life and continue with their daily lives. As highlighted earlier, human life is invaluable and ought to be preserved at all costs.

No one can negate the fact that animals are also important and ought to be preserved at all costs. In addition, studies have indicated that a lot of animals die due to testing while others are placed in conditions which are not favorable. It would have been much better of scientists used anesthesia while using animals. However, that is not the case since they argue that use of it can interfere with their results. Moreover, although scientists have argued that they try to keep animals used in research under almost their normal circumstances, the truth is they have removed them from their natural habitats.

Therefore, it is explicit that saving human life through the use of animals to conduct research and is detrimental to animals. Nonetheless, the action is right because of its utility. To begin with, it increases happiness of human beings. Moreover, the same increases pleasure due to the fact that animal testing helps to combat diseases. Therefore, although the act has got some shortcomings, it has more utility on the side of human beings.  Nonetheless, it is also important to consider the alternatives since in utilitarian perspective, an action is right if it has more benefits and if there are no other alternatives that can be used to achieve the same goal (Prate par. 4).

There are some other alternatives which can be used instead of animals. Even though the alternatives methods may not give the same results as animal tests, there is a high possibility that with some developments, the same can become beneficial and eliminate the trouble of using animals. If more research was carried, cell culture studies and computers can be used effectively although the results may not be as reliable as results of animal studies. Therefore, since other alternatives are not as reliable, animal testing is right. Nevertheless, that does not imply that there are no shortcomings

Focusing on the consequences of animal testing and the situation of the same qualifies an action to be right and morally acceptable. However, that is only applicable while basing the argument on the utilitarian perspective which considers the overall benefit of an action.  On the contrary, Kantians ethics and the categorical imperative lay more emphasis on the morality of a duty.  The morality of an action does not depend with the consequences, results or even with the situation at hand.  For that reason, in relation to the categorical imperative which is used by Kant to decide on the morality of an action, a moral action emanates from a good will and ought to be universal; meaning if an action is right to one person, the same case should be applicable to everyone in the whole world. The most important thing in categorical imperative is the intrinsic value of an action (Paul and Paul pp. 19).

In relation to Kant’s ethics, animal testing becomes an action of questionable morality.  On the same note, it is important to point out that Kant’s ethics drift away from the traditional view on the issue of animal testing. Initially, animal rights advocates argued out that animals feel pain like human beings and ought to be protected from any action or procedure that exposes them to any form of pain or discomfort. To Kant, animal testing is morally wrong not due to the pain it causes to animals, but due to the fact that it can affect the way human beings relate with each  other.   Consequently, as highlighted earlier, testing on animals is bad since it has a negative effect on human beings. According to Kant, although human beings do not have a moral duty to treat animals in a kind manner, they do have an indirect duty of doing so, because failure to treat them may end up affecting their character negatively. A bad character affects the interactions of human beings with other and causes more conflicts (McPhee par 4).

The question whether it is ethical to test on animals in order to save human life can be answered differently depending with the perspective the issue is being looked to at. While focusing on both on utilitarian and Kantian ethics, there is nothing wrong with testing on animals. However, each perspective has got a different reasoning. For example, the utilitarian perspective is usually more focused on the end result of an action. In the view of the fact that animal testing is beneficial to human beings, the action is viewed as right even though it inflicts pain on animals (Kemerling par. 6). On the contrary, in relation to Kant’s ethics, it is right because it helps human being to behave well towards each other and conserves morality. Even   with such philosophical reasons by some scholars, the debate of ethics may never come to an end because each perspective has got its own short comings. For instance, the reasoning that animals can be used for testing because the results are beneficial to a large group of individuals has been criticized because it is not clear whether the same tests can be justified if done on a few human beings to save a whole community. Whichever the case, other factors held constant, tests on animals can be ethical or unethical depending with a particular perspective.

 

A family structure is the composition and the association of a family membership, union and the patterning of connections among family members in their relationship. There are different family structures in the today’s society. These family structures include: nuclear family which is composed of the father, mother, and the children who are either born in that family or adopted. There are extended families which are composed of the nuclear family living together with other relatives such as grand parents and cousins. Single parent family structure consist just one parent and children. Binuclear families where the two parents may be separate but they share the responsibilities on childrearing. There are also reconstituted families where the two partners may have children from prior relationships and the children from both sides are brought into the family at a later stage. The last structure is the one referred as the alternative marriages which include same sex families, communal families and foster families (Rosdahl and Kowalski 88). This discussion is inclusive of all these structure and the changes that have lead to these types of family structures.

To start with, when comparing the family structures in the last and 21^st century there have been a lot of similarities especially on the late 20^th century. In the late 20^th century, marriages have been on decline with climbing ladder on divorce cases which is also the case in this 21^st century. In both there has been a change from the traditional intended family structure where mothers were staying at home bearing children and doing the household cores, the fathers were then expected to be away from home working all day to provide for the family and children being with either parents depending on the gender. In the last and 21^st century we find many mothers who are working to provide for their families (Dreman 94). On the other hand there are  fathers who are not employed staying at home looking after the children as their wives go to work or where the both parents alternate in carrying out of the responsibilities. Both centuries are also characterized in nuclear families.

There has been a change of families from the traditional nuclear family with two biological parents to the new types of families such as single parent’s family and same sex family. These changes have occurred due to the following factors. The increased decay of societal morals in relation to immorality has led to children being born out of wedlock. Divorce occurrences and separation has been very high. This has in turn led to single parent family when the two parents separate (Ballantine and Roberts 343). Traditionally a woman was advised to stay in her matrimonial family even if the man became too abusive- wife battering was considered as a necessity for instance in African communities but after recognition of human rights it is considered unacceptable. This has however led to many women separating from their partners as they claim for their human rights. Due to the increased working class number in both of the centuries, many working people have opted to remain single while pursuing their carriers. Same sex families are common in both centuries but in the early 20^th century they were rare.

Career development has at the same time led to the increased number of many people remaining single. In the traditional set up education was not much valued, thus career development was never viewed as an issue. They claim that they do not have time to be with the family and in cases when others have gone for oversees for further studies, their partner are left single. Out of the increased death which has resulted from the increased spread of AIDs the partners to the diseased are left single. At the same time when one contracts this disease before marriage he or she mostly opts to remain single out of the stigma provided from the society.

Out of the increased distrust in reference to the opposite sex, increases the same sex marriage. The broken relationships of the opposite sex have led to many opting for the same sex family as they avoid being hurt by the opposite sex. Also as a result of children being brought up in a single parented family which was not the case traditionally, they have ended up turning to the same sex for marriage. For instance when a male child is brought up by a single mother, he may feel overly in charge for his mother. When this male child gets into adolescence he may judge the female love being draining thus desiring a relationship which is said to be enjoyable and engage himself to male love by default. Loneliness where many women experience disappointment as they search for the perfect and right opposite partner thus they end up turning to women instead. Increased disorder on the gender identity especially during the adolescence period has contributed to same sex desirability leading to attraction. This mostly happens in schools where the same sex school together separate from the opposite sex. At this age they start practicing lesbianism and thus they become addicted to it where they opt for the same sex family even when they become of age.

The divorced partners portray negative aspects of the other partner. For instance when a mother always gives the negativity of the ex-husband her daughter might develop disrespects to her father and men in general thus end up opting for the same sex attraction leading to marriage. As a result of conflicts in the families between the two partners, the children in those families may many times hate the kind of a family which has two opposite partners and go for the same sex families depending on psychological stress they underwent. The increased moves on legalization of same sex marriages and defending of their rights has also increased these types of families (Hull 1). When the young ladies are sexually abused by the opposite sex for instance when raped, has led to many women going for women relationships leading to marriage as their partners. This has also been the case where boys are abused by the opposite sex.

Global warming is a real problem that has threatened life in the whole world.  The article by Knopf illustrates that there are a lot of negative effects of global warming that will continue to threaten life unless an intervention is sought. Most importantly, the article illustrates that some interventions that have been proposed like cutting the emission of carbon dioxide may not help to mitigate some consequences of global warming. The article argues out that some intervention strategies may even end up causing more harm instead of solving the problem. Media and politicians contribute greatly to magnifying the problem. Politicians illustrate how they will solve the problem within the shortest time possible but at the same time they continue to establish projects that increase the problem even further.  Media on the other hand continues illustrate how big the problem is but still continues to increase the problem by advertising goods like cars which increase carbon dioxide emission. However, it is important to note that the problem is not what is being done, but what has not been done.  The  article by Goodstein also illustrates that global warming is problem will contribute to the dearth of many people in future more than even pollution if an appropriate  intervention will not be sought.  Since both articles discuss the issue of global warming, this paper shall argue on the best solution to mitigate the problem while focusing on the two articles.

To begin with, it is important to understand that global warming has been caused by various factors over a long duration of time. Therefore, mitigating the problem may take more time and therefore, as Knopf illustrates, it cannot happen overnight. At the same time Knopf argues that, global warming increases the accessibility of water where at about 1.2 billion human beings benefits from it. Nonetheless, that does not mean that measures put in place may not end up being helpful although it may take quite some time. Studies of Goodstein illustrate that all the interventions that have been used have got some short comings. However, it is important to understand that, every action has got its own shortcomings. The most important thing is to weigh the costs and the benefits and choose to use an intervention which is beneficial. Otherwise, the problem of global warming may persist and continues to cause more harm. According to Goodstein if the survival has to be achieved at the same time maintaining the beauty of the environment then we must compact global warming.

No one can negate the fact that global warming is a serious issue and needs immediate attention. However, it is important to note that as Goodstein illustrates, it is not the only problem that the humanity is facing. For example poverty is also a disaster in most parts of the world and has to be dealt with accordingly. The study illustrates how the government pretends to be fighting the issue of reducing carbon dioxide emission and at the same time continues to open more airports. In addition, media is also criticized due to over emphasis on the magnitude of the problem.  On the same note, whether there is global warming or not, other businesses have to continue since human needs have to be satisfied. Moreover, the work of media is to pass information to the public. Therefore, since global warming is a pressing issue, it has to feature in the media especially if it is attracting the attention of the public. Nevertheless, it is important to understand that the debate has to be inclusive as global warming ought to be a problem of everyone in the society and media ought to be involved.

Seeking for an appropriate solution to global warming may actually take more time than the time that can be taken to mitigate the problem. Both articles illustrate that change is necessary more so in the political arena. Although Goodstein illustrates that global warming is not a partisan issue, solving the problem is a political issue as political leaders are very instrumental in causing any change.  However, although studies of Goodstein illustrate that it is only new politics which can solve the problem, the solution may be only one, out of many changes that are necessary. The solution of Knopf seems to be more realistic because it recognizes the complexity of the problem. Therefore, any solution towards global warming need to start by recognizing  some facts concerning the problem like, it must take quite sometime and the fact that there costs and benefits tied to solving the problem. According to Knopf, there are benefits achieved as a result of the global warming such as reduction of deaths which are caused as result of cold while at the same time there are increasesd deaths as a results of increased in temperature where these two factors must be considered when addressing global warming issue.

Primarily, love involves happiness and making sure that good happens to the one you love. It entails more than just wanting to be with someone; but wanting what is best to happen for them. Sacrifice on the other hand involves foregoing what is good for you for the sake of your loved ones. That is what primarily forms the basics of true love and sacrifice.

From the story of the gift of the magi, at the onset, we can infer that Jim treasured his gold watch that he had been given by his father while Della treasured his long hair. The description of how Della treats his Husband when he arrives from work is enough to show that basically, the two are in love. Della treasures. On the eve of Christmas, she wants to get his husband a present yet she only had one dollar and eighty seven cents. She goes the extra mile to have his most treasured procession; her hair being cut and then she sells them so that he can surprise his husband with a precious present for Christmas: a platinum fob that Jim could use to hold his gold watch which was the most treasured item Jim had. For the same course, Jim sells his gold watch so as to buy Della a comb which ironically she had cut and sold to buy Jim a present. This represents the sacrifice each party can take in order to make his/her partner happy. For this marriage, their love relationship can be viewed as blossoming, evident by the extent to which each partner goes ahead to sell their most precious procession to make each other happy (lorcher, 2010).

From the story, the story of an hour, Mrs. Millard receives the news of his husband’s death. Her reaction to the untimely demise of her husband can be described as typical; she did not undergo a shock to express her inability to accept the death of her husband, she only wept at once and then left the room and went to her room alone. From these we can infer that she left all that represented her relationship with her husband, she needed to be alone. The room to which Mrs. Millard goes alone represents a new found freedom that came as a result of her husband’s death; she keeps on whispering “free body, free soul”. The window which she looks through presents opportunities and fresh beginnings of the days that followed her husband’s death. In the marriage, Mrs. Millard admits that she loves him, although not all the times. Her husband was loyal and adoring. From the descriptions of her thoughts, Mrs. Millard viewed her past, which was her marriage as one filled with independence. She also plans for the future, the new beginnings, and opportunities that she has following the demise of his husband (Millwhite, 2002).

From the two stories, both the outcomes of the scenarios do not end as anticipated. A representation of true love and sacrifice is evident in the story of the Magi. This is evident from the sacrifices each partner makes towards making his /her spouse happy. This is what represents the true definition of sacrifice. True love is also seen in situations where both the spouses had the intent of pleasing their loved ones.

Barack Obama became the 44^th President of the United States of America officially on November 4, 2000. Barack Obama is the first African American president of the US.  Obama possesses a great strength for motivating an audience, and reaching out to a nation. Obama knows exactly what to say, and how to say it, to unite a listening crowd. Obama’s speech represented hope for America; it was the dawn of a new beginning for the Americans. Barack Obama was optimistic for change in the United State(Strake 10).

Obama’s victory speech represented a historic transformation in American politics. For the first time an African American president was elected.. In his victory speech, Barack Obama addressed key issues that affected America which included: the war on Iraq and Afghanistan, the current economic crisis and the healthcare issues. President Barack Obama promised to solve the current crises in the US through using a different approach to leadership. Barack Obama openly admits that the road ahead will be tough and therefore things might not go according to plans and instead might take a long time to realize changes. Barack Obama was optimistic towards moving America in the forward direction, in his speech he states “it has been a long time coming, but change is going to come. In deed under the Barack Obama administration, a lot of changes have taken place in America. Some of the changes that president Obama initiated during his administration include health care plan and reform proposal which was aimed at reducing and putting to stop bad insurance practices. Part of the health care plan was the universal health plan which helped to eliminate poor quality services in the health services sector (Obama 22). Changes in the health care sector are noticeable in the present America due to the improved health care services. The health care reform also helped to eliminate the bad insurance polices and practices by the private insurance sector. The health plan also made sure that employers were responsible for health schemes of their employees and those who fail to do so are required to pay an amount directed towards the national plan in order to cater for the health care of his/ her employees. Obama health care reform plans were mentioned frequently during his presidential campaigns and stressed it during his inauguration speech at Grant Park.

Another change that occurred under the president Barack Obama administration is the withdrawal of war in Iraq that was initiated under President Bush administration. Barack Obama brought an end to the United States attack on Iraq that had lasted for 7 years and 165 days. During his withdrawal announcement, Obama stated that it was time to turn the page, implying that it was time for change. With regard to president Obama victory speech, he promised alliances for change implying that he was aimed at implementing peace with other nations. The withdrawal of American troops from Iraq and Afghanistan revealed the fulfillment of his promise, A move which was widely praised by the Iraq Prime Minister. President Barack Obama had pledged this during his campaigns and during his victory speech; he also mentioned the plight of American soldiers who were in Iraq and Afghanistan (Obama 34). On withdrawal he said that he will aim at strengthening the Iraq government and people after which he made sure he saw this happen. He was fulfilling his promise of obligation towards the achievement of peace. Another area where President Barack Obama initiated change was in the housing industry.

Prior to his election as the president of the United States, Obama outlined that the housing industry was experiencing a severe meltdown. Apart from the industry meltdown, Obama also highlighted during his victory speech of some housing problems for some American citizens. President Obama initiated necessary means to ease the house industry melt down through development of housing policies that were aimed at overcoming the pitfalls of the housing crisis in the United States. America has been currently hit by economic crisis. In his victory speech, President Barack Obama highlights the need to solve this economic crisis that has hit America. Obama recognizes the magnitude of the economic crunch and says that his administration will attempt to develop strategies to help combat the economic crisis. Some of the measures by the president Obama administration include his signing of the American recovery and reinvestment act which has resulted to the creation of about 3 million job vacancies and rescued America from another economic depression (Obama 40).  Obama has also signed a number of legislative laws and policies that are aimed towards the economic recovery of America.

In his victory speech, President Barack Obama was optimistic for change in the United States. Majority of the changes that were experienced in the United States were in line with President Barack Obama vision of moving America forward (Strake 59).

Communication is defined as a means of passing on information. It is divided into two broad categories, the verbal and the non verbal (Andrew and Matthew 7). In verbal communication there is the involvement of voice between different parties while non verbal gestures, pictures, and writings are used. Both person and online communication fall under these two categories. Online communication involves use of internet, texting and emails while person involves face to face direct communication. In either way of communication, information is passed even though each method has limitations. The following discussion is a comparison between online and person communication on their differences.

In online communication, there is a balance in the participation between the parties involved, while in the person communication there is a chance of specific participants having a control of the floor depending on their status. There is high likelihood of the participants in online contributing uniformly. In person communication, there is an immediate response which is always provided and spontaneous unlike in the online communication. This gives an immediate opportunity to ask on the clarification on the information given. On the other hand, in online there is an opportunity to think and do any research that might lead to giving of more relevant feedback (Robert, Zahir, and Pilar 484). In person communication there is use of gestures, movement, visual expressions, and all sought of physical movement in that it is possible to understand more on what one means. In some online there is a limitation of physical expressions giving a room to pretence and misunderstandings, but at the same time some people express themselves more on writing may be an email in the absence of the other party.

In person communication there is a need of a common physical context especially when face to face communication is involved which is not the case in online communication. This proves to be a challenge, which might cost on travelling and the place of meeting, but it is an advantage when the participants involved are close and can meet without any cost involved. In online there is no much expense involved in travelling and booking of a common place but at the same time it can be costly using internet to convey information if the both participants are in a position to meet. It is however easier to post a written data on the email other than meeting with someone and give the same information orally as one can revisit the email and reanalyze the data sent to him thus a sense of permanency of the information. Time is a limiter in person communication but it is easy to control the communication for instance between a student and the lecturer. In online time does not limit much as the student can work on the assignment at the convenience of time but it is hard to have easier direct control between the lecturer and the student (Greg par 4).

Finally, the two forms of communication are important where each is effective depending on the information one is conveying. I however believe that person communication is eventually more effective in the sense that there is a need for the direct intimacy during communication. There is nothing good like having a communication at the most confidential place of my choice. Nowadays in electronic communication, the confidentially is highly endangered due to the rampancy of the electronic- online- linkages. Online communication will never replace with the time shared in person communication, a lot is learnt from personal contact and listening, feelings are more expressed and promotion of more understanding (Andrew and Matthew 10).