Author: chris

1. What is business marketing and what distinguishes business products from consumer products?

2. Discuss how businesses measure online success.

3. Briefly describe the four major categories of customers in business marketing.

Give examples of companies or organizations in each category.

4. Name and briefly describe five of the major differences between business and consumer marketing.

Chapter 8 – Segmenting and Targeting Markets

1. What is psychographic segmentation?

2. Discuss why marketers use it as the basis for segmenting markets.

3. What is usage-rate segmentation? What is the 80/20 principle, and how does it apply to usage-rate segmentation?

—————-

View the Video: Numi Tea

http://www.cengage.com/marketing/book_content/9781133190110_lamb/videos/ch08.html

1. Jen Mullin, the vice president of Marketing for Numi Organic Tea, describes their typical customer as a female, college-educated tea lover, possibly an “eco-mom.” What type of market segmentation has she used to identify this customer group?
Geographic segmentation
Demographic segmentation
Ethnic segmentation
Psychographic segmentation

2. Another way Numi Organic Tea identifies potential customers is through what they want from the product; they are looking for organic, fair-trade, premium quality tea, according to the video. What type of market segmentation is used to identify customers in this way?
Geographic segmentation
Demographic segmentation
Benefit segmentation
Usage-rate segmentation

3. Mullin talks about ___________________ the Numi brand, developing a specific marketing mix that will influence potential customers’ overall perception of the brand, by targeting natural health food stores, university coffee shops, and fine dining establishments.
Segmenting
Satisficing
Optimizing
Positioning

4. Which of the following is the least likely targeting strategy that Numi Tea would select to market their products?
Undifferentiated targeting
Concentrated targeting
Multisegment targeting

Chapter 9 – Marketing Research

Callaway Golf Co.

Callaway Golf Co. has long been a leader in women’s golf equipment, but it wanted to expand its lead in this growing sector of the market. While Callaway’s technical people knew what could be done with design, they did not know exactly what women wanted in their clubs. Callaway management decided what it needed to do was to bring the technicians and women golfers together. Beginning about three years ago, Callaway sent a team of researchers, designers, and golf pros out to visit with 40 women golfers of various abilities in locations from California to Florida. In selecting the golfers to study, Callaway decided to focus on women who were just beginning to play, as well as, experienced, competitive golfers who wanted to own the latest equipment. Callaway management felt that these two extreme groups of golfers had been overlooked by golf club manufacturers.

Further, Callaway felt that if enough could be learned about these two groups, then the company would also learn enough to serve the rest of the women golfer market. Basically, the research team observed the women playing golf and listened to their comments and concerns. The information gathered by this research team was built into every aspect of the design of a new golf club, including the feel of the club, the length of the club shaft and size of the club head, and the weight of the club. When prototypes of the new clubs were completed, they were sent to the women golfers to get their feedback. That feedback was then used to refine the club design. This process went on until the women said the new clubs greatly enhanced their game. The entire process from original prototype to final product took a little less than one year.

1. Refer to Callaway Golf Co. The type of research gathered by the Callaway Golf research team would be called:

a. secondary

b. developmental

c. descriptive

d. subjective

e. focus group

2. Refer to Callaway Golf Co. When Callaway researchers asked questions like “What bothers you the most about your irons?” What type of questions were they asking?

a. Scaled response

b. Close-ended

c. Dichotomous

d. Open-ended

e. Multiple answer

3. Refer to Callaway Golf Co. When Callaway researchers asked questions like “Now that you have played with the new club, how likely would you say you would be to buy it?” they asked golfers to respond on the following scale:

1 = would definitely not buy it 2 = would probably not buy it 3 = might or might not buy it 4 = would probably buy it 5 = would definitely buy it. What type of question is this?

a. Scaled response

b. Limited response

c. Dichotomous

d. Open-ended

e. Multiple answer

4. Refer to Callaway Golf Co. Callaway used its contacts at golf courses around the country to find the 40 women for its study. The 40 women would most likely be called a _____ sample.

a. systematic

b. convenience

c. cluster

d. stratified

e. random

5. What is marketing research? Name and briefly describe the three functional roles of marketing research.

6. List in order the seven steps of the marketing research process.

7. Name two advantages and two disadvantages of using primary data. Also name two advantages and two disadvantages of using secondary data.

Chapter 10 – Product Concepts

1. What is a universal product code (UPC)? How does the use of UPCs benefit retailers?

2. Name and describe the two labeling forms.

3. What purposes does branding serve?

4. Universal product codes (UPCs) can perform all the following functions EXCEPT:

a. allow scanners to match codes with brand names, package sizes, and prices.

b. print product and price information on cash register tapes.

c. assist retailers in preparing records of customer purchases.

d. allow retailers to accurately track sales and control inventories.

e. provide the detailed nutritional information required by the FDA

Privatization and Change in Economic Policy in the post 1989 Era.
The post 1989 era saw the emergence of capitalism in Eastern Europe. Most socialist governments in Europe reformed their economic and political policy. The need to develop a global economy in these states saw the countries align to the western concepts of economic policy. There were reactions about the emergency of capitalist economies Eastern Europe. There were several readjustments which had to be adopted by many States such as Poland, Germany and Hungary. In these states the governments had taken up factors of production from private persons. The governments owned property which it redistributed to the people. The rapid change to capitalism was, therefore, expected to elicit the reactions that it raised.
In the socialist governments, the government plans for its people. The factors of production are in the hands of the State. The state makes decisions regarding investments. This means that individual autonomy in making investment decisions is not promoted in socialist regimes. The state exercises power over its subjects. The socialist governments were undemocratic. East Germany which exercised socialism exercised absolute power over its subjects (Moralia, 33). It is the resentment that so people migrate from East Germany to West Germany after the collapse of the Berlin Wall. The death of socialism in East Germany could be associated to the undemocratic ideals. The need to construct a democratic society was one of the reasons why there was opposition to socialism in East Germany (Moralia, 35).
Poland was on the countries that charted a new political ideology after 1989 in order to develop a global economy. The political decision to move from socialism changed the economic discourse of the country (Pozniak 3). The move to capitalism saw the privatization of enterprises owned by the government, allowing of free trade and the elimination of subsidies (Pozniak 4).
The coming in of capitalization resulted into privatization of property. The property and factors of production being in the hands of private individuals meant that the government lost control on factors of production. This was intended to revitalize the economy of most states. The move from a controlled market to a liberal economy was part of the reforms in the post 1989 era. The 1989 economic revolution led to the advent of capitalism. The conflict between socialism and capitalism saw the emergence of capitalism. There were prepositions that socialism which embraced democratic ideals would have been better than capitalism (Trumpets, 43).
However, the socialist governments were criticized by opponents claiming that it promoted totalitarian governance. The governments in essence controlled every aspect of people lives. Socialist governments were built on communism ideologies. They were believed to be autocratic and powerful and thus imposing things on the subjects. West and East Germany practiced socialism. This scenario is presented by case of Friedman family who laments the top down approach to decision making. The government even after giving back land they still had quotas (5). The government determined the quantities that the farmers could plant. Government influence on the people was high. Decisions were made by a few people according to Werner’s case. Five people made decisions for thousands of people in East Germany. The socialism in East Germany destroyed the solidarity and good neighborliness among the people. The cooperatives formed lacked democracy. There was no opportunity to associate voluntarily. The coercive associations led to dictatorship.
The move to capitalism meant that states moved from heavy industrialization and focused on the technological and service industry. The move from socialism had many effects including increasing unemployment (Pozniak 117). The number of unemployed youths increased in the most countries that had embraced capitalism. Under socialism there was nothing like unemployment. These were the realities that people had to live with under socialism.
The proponents of capitalism and, therefore, the privatization of property were of the view that privatization of state owned enterprises had profound benefits and should, therefore, be speeded up in the implementation of the economic policy. They believed that the strategy of wealth accumulation which was the main agenda of privatizing government’s enterprise was the best way of ensuring economic success of the state. The capitalization agenda, therefore, got support from the people who believed that with globalization, it was the best way of promoting economic property.
Those opposed to privatization have claimed that it may not be possible to ensure equality during the rapid privatization of the resources that are in the hands of the government. Those opposed to privatization claimed that it would not lead to increased productivity. The efficiency of managements would not be improved by the rapid privatization agenda. Equality that had been achieved under the socialist regime could not be achieved in the post socialist era. Inequality was a representation of capitalism (Pozniak 119). Most people found capitalism a bad thing. Even in places where socialist governments were considered undemocratic and, therefore, bad missed socialism when capitalism took shape (Friedman 236).
The transformation of the economy was not without criticism. The move to a liberal economy was going to have far reaching implications on the people and the governance style. This is why there were even proposals of drawing beneficial elements of the different economic approaches. Increased globalization in post 1989 led to increased pressure on states to adopt capitalism.

Essay 3: 6-8 pages (exclusive of Works Cited)

If you cannot work Safe Assign on the course website, email me the paper as a file attachment in MS Word.

To successfully complete this assignment, you must
1) accurately summarize relevant parts of at least three (3) different chapters of Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez;
2) evaluate and analyze Rodriguez’s examples, reasoning, conclusions, and related evidence;
3) incorporate meaningful material from at least six (6) credible outside sources, at least three (3) of which must be scholarly sources/from scholarly library databases;
4) cite textual material using correct MLA documentation, including a Works Cited with at least seven (7) entries (Rodriguez himself, and your six outside sources);
5) SYNTHESIZE information from Rodriguez, your secondary sources, and your own views into a new argumentative whole. The key rhetorical demand of this assignment essay is to synthesize, meaning to make detailed connections, comparisons, and contrasts between Rodriguez’s ideas and examples and the six outside authors you find and discuss. In other words, take your chosen topic and place Rodriguez’s views on it in debate and dialogue with your own views and with those of Rodriguez’s interpreters and the related commentators you research;
6) incorporate Essay 1’s tasks of summary and evaluation, and build on Essay 2’s techniques of introducing opposing views and counter-arguing them. Thus, your paragraph development and structure should reflect your argumentative strategy: your major rhetorical task is to refer to several different, scholarly sources within (at least) one paragraph or (ideally) one long section (several pages) of the paper, avoiding separate-source-block-by-separate-source-block reference. Although multiple positions must be present in your paper and supported by credible sources, you must maintain a clear focus in support of your own position;
7) organize the essay so that intellectual connections are clear and coherent; and
8) express ideas in standard English and academic writing conventions, writing almost completely error-free prose in terms of spelling, punctuation, grammar, and academic formatting.

Choose one of the three topics listed below:
TOPIC A: Explain, analyze, and evaluate the American dream as reflected in the lives of the Rodriguez’s.

TOPIC B: Take note that Rodriguez’s school at the time demanded erasure of his native language. Through the family’s agreeing to speak no Spanish at home, the Rodriguez’s cultural identity was melted down into the mainstream American pot. Does Rodriguez blame his parents for this, or fault the school and society, or blame himself? Some activist Latinos or other radicals consider this change to be cultural genocide—do you? Yet along with blame, there are benefits, in Rodriguez’s view, to Americanization. Do the benefits outweigh the costs—or not? Why?

TOPIC C: Analyze and/or evaluate Rodriguez as an individual changed (for the better, or worse?) by his attainment of literacy and the higher education that resulted from his academic success. Explain how Rodriguez not only risks the strong disapproval of readers by admitting to rejecting his own parents, embarrassed at their Spanish accent, but he then also describes his futile attempts to forget his ethnic, lower-class background. A classic guilt-shame spiral ensues. Do you sympathize with Rodriguez, or not feel sorry for him at all? Why? Is Rodriguez crippled emotionally, mainly because he achieved power through knowledge? You can research the rest of his life, after publishing this book, and use it as evidence of empowerment—or not. Also very do-able is to explain how Rodriguez uses Richard Hoggart’s The Uses of Literacy and its concept of the “scholarship boy.”

Read Chapters 1 & 2 of the book “A Framework for Marketing Management” (the book is mentioned in the syllabus).

Based on a company/brand of your choice, or the one you chose for the final project, answer the following questions
1. How does the company’s/brand’s marketing strategy affect its customer value? Explain.

2. What activities does the company/brand implement implement based on the above marketing strategy? Discuss.
3. Evaluate, based on your own research and knowledge of the company/brand, its overall marketing performance.

Based on your reading of Abigail Adams: A Revolutionary Woman, what were the expected gender roles for women during the Colonial and Revolutionary era? In what ways did Abigail live up to these expected roles, and in what ways did she defy them? How did the creation of a new republic affect Abigail’s beliefs about the roles of women?

Be sure to reference the text as support for your answers. Whether you quote or paraphrase, you should include the page number in parentheses after the sentence or paragraph.

Reference book is: The American Story Volume 1: to 1877 fifth edition

• Reviewer response
• you should response for the every comments that inserted by the editor who corrected the articale and cleafiy what should you do with the every comments, how will fix it and why you did that “you have jastfiy what you did when you fixed the articale”
• Provide as much detail as possible when explaning changes which are being made in the articale.
Whaat text has been removed?
Exactly what text has been added?
Where exactly have changes been made?

• The comments as following:
1. 
In the Critique Mini-Review “OASIS family Members and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress”, the author attempts to explain the role of Endoplasmic Reticulum. The author gives in-depth information on the functions of the ER and the conditions associated with its proper functioning or dysfunction. The writer illustrates the findings of the recent studies in the novel types of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress transducers. The narrator highlights this in respect to the role they play in the failure of the ER to adapt to the stress, a condition that lead to accumulation of mal-folded/unfolded proteins. The author focuses on the recent identified novel transducers, the OASIS (Old Astrocyte Specifically Induced Substance) and its family proteins. The writer continues to analyse broadly the current findings concerning OASIS proteins and the ER stress. Finally, he concludes the role of OASIS in ER stress according to the current findings.
Response to what the reviewer said above?

2. The paper is divided into clear subheadings that make it easy to follow. The abstract contained a clear statement of what the mini review sought to address. The Introduction clearly highlights the points that were expanded in the body and finally, a clear conclusion was made.
Response to what the reviewer said above?

3. Although the mini review has a clear thesis statement, some key issues need to be addressed prior to publication. The issues that would need addressing are related to the content, the structure and the grammar of the mini review. The structure of the review is appealing; however, the introduction part is too long. The introduction does not indicate clearly the key points that the body will broadly discuss. The mini review contains many abbreviations that are difficult to understand. However, the lack of understanding of the abbreviations could be attributed to my limited scope of knowledge in the field. The review focuses more deeply on some of the OASIS protein family members and barely touches the other family members. There is the need to address all the OASIS family members adequately. I think that it would also be appropriate to indicate the time when the mentioned findings were done. The term recent is vague and lacks the authenticity as required in the scientific field. The abstract fails to explicitly state what the review will entail. It states the topics but does not indicate exactly what will follow for the benefit of the reader. There is a structural issue in the introduction bit. The last sentence in the introductory section should be moved to the abstract section. In the conclusion part, the author fails to express his critical opinions of the review. Although the conclusion part is meant for summarizing what is in the review, it allows room for discussion and for the author to express his opinions about the topic.
Response to what the reviewer said above?

4. The mini-review has many grammatical issues that need to be addressed prior to publishing. There are issues concerning wordiness, the subject noun and verb agreement and punctuation issues. The issues make the review difficult to follow and in some cases distort the contextual meaning of the sentences and phrases. The use of wrong propositions gives the sentence an entirely different meaning that confuses the reader. In section 2, the limitations that are associated with the traditional factors employed to determine prognosis are missing and need to be added. The section P53 need to be elaborated because it does not justify its inclusion in the review if it ascertains that the consistent data is missing. In addition, diagrams that indicates the location of the various receptors and their structure should be added.
Response to what the reviewer said above?

5. “The endoplasmic reticulum also abbreviated as (ER) is known to play the role of maintaining the numerous and different aspects of cellular as well as organism homeostasis by modifying, folding and exporting the transmembrane proteins and nascent secretary” (Add”proteins’ to the end of the first sentence.)
Response to what the reviewer said above?

6. It is odd that oasis family proteins have not been mentioned at all in the introduction
Response to what the reviewer said above?
7. “Such a physiological Endoplasmic Reticulum stress puts on the button for the process of maturation of the cells. With respect to the damages on the Endoplasmic Reticulum stress cells, it has been identified as a major cause of many forms of illnesses.
(Replace ‘puts on the button’ with ‘triggers’) Response to what the reviewer said above?

Here are some examples what should the response

Topic Options:
1. Why should one overcome their personal fears?
2. Sometimes your greatest gift is your greatest loss. Do you believe this? Explain.
3. Which is greater: to love and lost or to never have loved at all?
4. What can one gain from a closed door?

 

I need a literary analysis completed on the short story “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” Need to compose a well written essay analyzing the literary techniques the author employs to create and maintain susspense in this short story. You want to consider imagery, arrangement, characterization, as well as plot elements. Support your responses with examples from the text. Must be written in formal academic voice. Use literary present tense. Must have focused thesis statement. incorporate quotes.

Amberlie Byloff
DB#12
Choose a relatively common disorder (e.g. depression, phobia, generalized anxiety, eating disorders, etc.), and discuss which of the defining characteristics of the disorder are cognitive and which are behavioral in nature. How can Cognitive-Behavioral approaches be used to address the disorder?
In short, cognitive characteristics come from the mind and behavioral characteristics come from the body. Behavior starts in the mind, the process of thinking and feeling about something, it only becomes a behaviors once some sort of actions have taken place, when the thought or feeling becomes physical in some way.
With a disorder such as Schizophrenia, the cognitive characteristics would be thoughts or feelings like, paranoia, anxiety, and fear; the behavioral characteristics would be actions such as screaming, hitting and running away.
Cognitive-Behavioral approaches to therapy would be useful for treating a disorder such as Schizophrenia because these such approaches treat the whole person, mind and body and for successful treatment to take place all parts of the person must be treated.
The cognitive aspect of the disorder can be treated and brought under control a lot of times in cases of Schizophrenia through medication and therapies to work through and assist with the overcoming of the feelings of paranoia, anxiety and fear, these therapies will help the individual bridge the gap between reality and what they perceive as real.
The behavioral aspects of the disorder can be treated using the process of positive and negative reinforcement therapies. Punishment approaches do not always work as well with Schizophrenic individuals because they are already very fearful and paranoid, fear of punishment for bad behaviors can have the potential to make those feelings worse and increase the instances of bad behaviors. When punishment must be used it is better to use negative punishments and take away something they enjoy rather than add a positive punishment that they fear happening. Therefore is it better to reinforce the good behaviors through positive reinforcement and to alleviate the bad feelings within the clients mind through negative reinforcement techniques, in the end this approach is more successful.

Todd, and Bohart, (2006). Foundation of clinical and counseling psychology (4th ed.) Long Grove, IL: Waveland press, Inc.

Davis, and Palladino (2005). Psychology (4th ed.) Upper Saddle River New Jersey, Pearson Education, Inc.

T. Crandell, C. Crandell and Zanden (2007) Human Development (8th ed.) Avenue of the Americas NY, The McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc.

Question 1 (20 marks): On Distinctive Feature Bundles

Formulate the feature bundles for the following consonantal sounds:

a) [s]
(10 marks)

b) [d]
(10 marks)
Question 2 (20 marks): On Autosegmental Phonology and Feature Geometry

a) Consider the following claims.

i) English affricates are best described using the feature [Delayed Release].
ii) English affricates are best described using autosegmental representations.

Formulate arguments in favour of one of the views above.
(10 marks)

b) Represent the following segments in feature geometric format:

i) [b]
(5 marks)

ii) [t]
(5 marks)

Question 3 (20 marks): On Constraint-Based Phonology

Formulate a constraint ranking using tableaus to generate the optimal form of the English Past Tense Suffix based on the rule order and constraints listed below. In your solution, show how the optimal forms mist, and liftɨd are derived, and rule out the suboptimal forms such as misɨt, mis, misd, and mizd, and liftd, lifdd, liftt, and lift.

NO-GEM: Geminate consonants are disallowed in the output.
AGREE (Voice): Adjacent output segments have the same value of the feature voice.
Max-IO: Deletion of segments is prohibited.
Dep-IO: Insertion of segments is prohibited.
Ident (F): A segment in the input is identical to the corresponding segment in the output.

(20 marks)

Question 4 (20 marks): On Syllable Structure

Illustrate the syllable structure of the following words using tree diagrams.

a) limit

(10 marks)

b) plant
(10 marks)

Question 5 (20 marks): On Stress
Consider the following pairs of English words. The words in the first column are stressed on the second syllable, while those in the second column are stressed on the first (stressed syllables are indicated by capital letters).

i. perMIT PERmit
ii. reCORD REcord
iii. conVERT CONvert
iv. reJECT REject
v. proDUCE PROduce

(a) Describe the difference in meaning that is expressed by the stress shift.

(10 marks)

(b) Explain, with examples, how regular this rule is. Can you think of any additional pair that largely follows the same pattern?

(10 marks)