Amberlie Byloff
DB#12
Choose a relatively common disorder (e.g. depression, phobia, generalized anxiety, eating disorders, etc.), and discuss which of the defining characteristics of the disorder are cognitive and which are behavioral in nature. How can Cognitive-Behavioral approaches be used to address the disorder?
In short, cognitive characteristics come from the mind and behavioral characteristics come from the body. Behavior starts in the mind, the process of thinking and feeling about something, it only becomes a behaviors once some sort of actions have taken place, when the thought or feeling becomes physical in some way.
With a disorder such as Schizophrenia, the cognitive characteristics would be thoughts or feelings like, paranoia, anxiety, and fear; the behavioral characteristics would be actions such as screaming, hitting and running away.
Cognitive-Behavioral approaches to therapy would be useful for treating a disorder such as Schizophrenia because these such approaches treat the whole person, mind and body and for successful treatment to take place all parts of the person must be treated.
The cognitive aspect of the disorder can be treated and brought under control a lot of times in cases of Schizophrenia through medication and therapies to work through and assist with the overcoming of the feelings of paranoia, anxiety and fear, these therapies will help the individual bridge the gap between reality and what they perceive as real.
The behavioral aspects of the disorder can be treated using the process of positive and negative reinforcement therapies. Punishment approaches do not always work as well with Schizophrenic individuals because they are already very fearful and paranoid, fear of punishment for bad behaviors can have the potential to make those feelings worse and increase the instances of bad behaviors. When punishment must be used it is better to use negative punishments and take away something they enjoy rather than add a positive punishment that they fear happening. Therefore is it better to reinforce the good behaviors through positive reinforcement and to alleviate the bad feelings within the clients mind through negative reinforcement techniques, in the end this approach is more successful.
Todd, and Bohart, (2006). Foundation of clinical and counseling psychology (4th ed.) Long Grove, IL: Waveland press, Inc.
Davis, and Palladino (2005). Psychology (4th ed.) Upper Saddle River New Jersey, Pearson Education, Inc.
T. Crandell, C. Crandell and Zanden (2007) Human Development (8th ed.) Avenue of the Americas NY, The McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc.
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