Author: chris

9-1. Compare and contrast Antarctic oceanic waters to Arctic oceanic waters? Which calves more icebergs and why?

9-2.  Research a polar explorer and briefly summarize his/her contribution to the field of marine science:

9-3.  Compar and contrast a coral reef ecosystem to a tropical rainforest. Do you see more similarities or more differences?

 9-4.   Describe the role of zooxanthellae to the coral animal.

9-5 What  factors are the cause of coral bleaching?

Something in the Air

10-1.  What is a monsoon, do we experience monsoons in the continental United states? Why or why not?

10-2.  How are prevailing winds and currents named differently?

10-3.  What is pleuston versus neuston (hint : find information on Physalia and Vellella) – What is Halobates considered?

10-4. Name three factors responsible for the three wind bands in each hemisphere.

10 – 5.   What ocean conditions are the most dangerous for coastal dwellers when a hurricane makes landfall?

Going with the Flow

11-1. Describe the difference between surface currents and deeper water currents.

11- 2. What is the fastest moving current in the world?  

11-3.  How might an ocean current effect a nations economy?

11-4. What is El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO

11- 5. What is upwelling? Is there a difference between coastal and oceanic upwelling?

 Deep Connections
12- 1 What is  a geostrophic  flow and how does it effect the ocean?

12- 2. Describe some items that have been used to study deep ocean circulation.

12- 3.  What was the most powerful Atlantic hurricane ever measured – Wilma, Rita or Katrina (Chapter 8) how do these compare with the 2009 hurricane season?

12-4. What does it mean to say the ocean currents act like a giant conveyor belt ?

12-5. How is climate change tied to ocean currents?  

 

Question #1: Briefly discuss some key components to “biosocial development.”

Biosocial development is the process of growth and development which occur physically, biologically, environmentally and socio-culturally, which rapidly occurs in the initial two years of individual growth or what is called the play years. During this period, physical development is manifested where the body length is proportional to the head.  The child attains thinness where girls retain some fats while boys retain some muscles. They have improved posture as well as balance, aiding in motor coordination. There is brain development in capacity and density while the motor ability is developed where the child acquires fine motor skills. During brain development there is transient exuberance, which is development in neural connections and slow down as a child progresses with age as unutilized connections atrophy. Cognitive as well as emotional experience is crucial for this to occur, for optimal connections, which may affect future language development.  This is however dependent on the nutritional, healthcare as well as genetic background of a child.

 Question #2: Discuss some changes that occur during the “cognitive development” stage.

Cognitive development involves reason and thoughts and occurs especially during the onset of adolescent. According to Jean Piaget, it involves various stages; sensorimotor (birth- 2years) interprets surrounding as the child engage in learning, remembering and symbolizing information to resolve an issue.  Preoperational stage (2-7 years) involves language development and lead to concrete operational stage (7-12 years) which involves developing of abstract, reason, philosophical thoughts and mathematical skills. The child gains a systematic way of thinking to logically resolve an issue. This starts with concrete thoughts toward formal operational stage (12- adulthood) to have a personal view of things, which are manifest in school work as wells their personal lives. The child is able to weigh possibilities in order to come up with an appropriate decision. This stage is critical on quality and quantity of information from various experiences as environmental stimuli is essential to reach optimal cognitive ability. Emotions are however a hindrance to acquire rational thoughts.

Question #3: Compare the difference between “initiative” and “guilt.”

During the third stage of development according to Erich Erickson, the psychosocial crisis involved is regarded as Initiative versus guilt, which occurs during four to six years of age as a child question on whether they are good or bad. Initiative is the potential to move something or establish the first move and have an independent way of doing things (autonomy) as a child acquire control over his or her surrounding’s and explores it to become adventurous. It involves learning new things to respond to challenges and become responsible as well as purposeful. However, if these efforts are frustrated, they are confronted with a new emotion, which often leads to a feeling of guilt. Accomplishments of the independent task leads to a sense of satisfaction while failure leads to feeling of guilt when desired outcomes are not attained. The feelings of guilt are managed through good parenting and avoiding being overly demanding and over controlling the child. Guilt makes a child to become aggressive and extremely assertive towards older people since they are frustrated over their desires as well as needs.

Question #4: Why is “play” an important part of our development?

Play enables children to attain optimal cognitive, physical, emotional as well as social development. It is an ideal chance for children to learn as they become creative and imaginative during constructive play. In the process they become happy and enhance their health as well as self-esteem. Moreover, they gain basic trust towards the world around them and this is essential for social development. Play enables a child to have an efficient brain function and aids him or her to acquire important life skills as they encounter various experiences. As children play, they interact socially with others; learn from each other and most importantly, they attain physical health. As infants play, they gain trust and this facilitates them to adventure their environment, while doing so develop their fine and gross motor skills. Additionally, they attain logical thoughts as part of functional play and as they bond, their emotions are developed. They become curious and become more adventurous and this helps them solve various problems. While group play fosters teamwork as well as understanding, solitary play helps a child to attain independent thoughts.

The internet has relentlessly transcended to both physical grounds and international borders, and has immensely changed the global political scene. The internet plays a huge role in the current information period, and has already opened new forms of interactions, while affecting the circulation of political power at the local, national, and international echelons. In some instances, it has blurred or even broken the logic behind the conventional means of bureaucratic organizations and the distribution of power. Recently, the internet has affected various political movements around the world in allowing rapid dissemination of information for the purpose of organizing insurgent actions, and in providing a fast and easy lobbying and recruitment exercise. In political scenarios, the internet allows people from different groups and backgrounds to extensively champion their cause with the aim of converting ideologies that may be holding contrasting opinions.

For instance, the 2008 presidential election in America was characterized by the enormous prevalence of internet use, as politicians and their supporters used social networking sites in order to reach and engage the civic world, which has a substantial youth presence. By using the internet, politicians were able to recruit members to their campaign while learning issues concerning the youth who were previously ignored or hard to reach. Politicians were also able to encompass informal focus groups without spending huge amounts of money as was the norm. Politicians were also able to keep up a correspondence with the country at large through podcasts and blogs. Generally, the internet stood out as a major component of the election that largely swayed the youth and other marginalized groups into the process while maintaining the rest of the country at bay with the current political agendas.

In some ‘closed’ societies like Iran, where the conservative milieu has severe restrictions on the freedom of speech, the internet comes in to neatly assist political activists in airing out their concerns to the whole world, since the internet defies a mono-centric formation. Through chat rooms and weblogs in particular, users are able to alter their nationality, names, gender, ethnicity, or even their ‘bona fide’ identity, once they go online. By digitally refashioning themselves anew without bodies and ditching their socially constructed identities, users can easily and effectively champion for political freedom. Therefore, virtual communities can come together for a common cause, especially in political circumstances that tend to segregate people on ethnic or race basis. In this regard, the internet will basically actualize the virtual process in an imperceptible space of interaction and participation in order to engross ‘cyber’ participants with each other for enhanced interaction.

Governments around the world have also used the internet to obtain public views and opinions on a particular policy or even a project wished to be undertaken by the government. Most governments do this in order to promote inclusiveness with the people and also to avoid any political repercussions.  Most significantly, the internet has brought in an inclusive approach that may eventually reshape the global socio-political fabric.

The history of mass communication is characterized by a set of tools that has influenced and developed the society in different eras. These historic tools and means of communication have continued to exercise their invariable influence upon subsequent generations. However, different social changes in the course of certain generations have also influenced these tools and means of communication. Historically, writing has stood out to be the most consequential means of communication ever invented. Therefore, from an oral culture to a literate mores, this paper is going to focus on certain tools and means of communication that captured my attention after going through some chronological pages at AncientScripts.com

3 a. Writing Systems

At an unprecedented level, humanity deeply relies on writing as linguistics would be inconceivable without its systematic ways of representing units of language through visible or tangible signs. Writing is a unique way of imprinting information to the less impulsive human brain and its structural characteristics are systematically used all over the world. Writing also allowed societies to generate and consolidate a sense of self. Alphabets and writing was a practical ancient invention for agricultural record keeping, religious purposes, and also to reinforce the power of the cream of the crop in a socio-political system.  Papyrus is one of the writing mediums which were most common material in ancient Egypt as it could be recycled and used again quite frequently. Although expensive, primordial papyrus was conveniently durable and was widely used for public documentation, private letter, and for other literary purposes. However, both ancient and modern writing systems have differed geographical, structural, familial, and stylistical precincts to be categorized by types, families, regions, and alphabetical listing. Therefore, a writing system does not basically an indicator of historical civilization.

Origins of Writing

The elucidation on the origin of writing is widely venerated upon myths and divinity since it holds an important role in most ancient societies. Egypt and China are examples of such ancient societies that respectively drawn upon divinity and perspicacity to explicate the origin of writing. Ancient Egyptians credited the discovery of writing to the god Thoth, who they believed could convert speech into material objects while in China, an ancient sagacious named Ts’ang Chieh is believed to have invented writing. Ts’ang Chieh was believed to be the communication tool between the kingdom of gods and ancestors and the realm of humans as verified by the inscriptions on oracle bones which were historically used for divine purposes. From a contemporary view, writing is said to have been invented from China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Mesoamerica due to the evidence from recent discoveries that further refutes the monogenesis theory. The language represented by various writings makes no system superior or inferior to the other as they will be categorized by the language used in a particular society.

Types of Scripts

A writing script is usually classified extensively in various types dependent to the underlying language being represented. Logographic is an example of such writing scripts and it basically uses a vast number of signs sharing the same value to represent each morpheme. They are usually numbered starting with the most frequent sign and their general standard of transliteration is specified under the respective sign types. A Logogram which is a sign, represent a word or impression with one sign and can occasionally be tacit by their pictorial character. Therefore due to this fact, the number of signs could grow to astounding numbers like the Chinese logographic system which contains more than 10,000 signs despite most of them being unexploited in everyday use.

SUMERIAN CLAY TABLETS

The oldest book which I found on the time line is the Sumerian Clay Tablets which is -3500 B.C.E. It was used by the Sumerians who were the earliest inhabitants of Mesopotamia. The Sumerians scratched their words in tablets of clay by using the cuneiform alphabet and since they entirely discarded pictures, they formed a system of V-shaped figures which showed slight connection with the pictures from which they had been developed. By using small strokes, the marks could gradually become ideograms. They used pointed styluses to draw pictograms on the clay tablets in order to generate envelopes and records of business transactions that could last permanently. The hard kilns from which they baked the clay tablets are still available today for scholars to study and interpret. This timeline really shocked me because it was a period when a primitive number system which involved a decimal and sexagesimal base was being used, and it is quite exceptional and beyond imagination to realize that the Sumerians could contemplate an array of artistic ideologies and their typographic implications.

3 b. Republican Motherhood

This is a notion that calls for women education in the principles of democracy, independence, and liberty in order to indoctrinate future generations with these republican values.  This was a significant sign that showed the relevance of women from an intellectual perspective especially since the American Revolution which had a deep effect on the philosophical foundations of the American society. This revolution drastically changed roles of women that later on shaped the inspiration of the republican motherhood in this period. Since it was assumed that a republic can only be defined by the virtue of its citizens, women were essential towards inculcating their children with values favorable to a healthy republic. This period also encouraged the husband-wife relationship which was now more liberal instead of the earlier subservience relationship. Women were also quite effective to the war exertion by fundraising and managing family businesses if their husbands were absent. Women were therefore even more prominent both publicly and politically as a consensus was reached on the view that women devoted to the service of their family and state would as well have a political purpose. The Republican Motherhood notion impacted the society at large to pave the way for a superior function for women in public domain.

 

Introduction

The Worn Path by Eudora Welty is a narrative of an elderly African American woman named Phoenix Jackson who takes a long tiring walk to Natchez. The story portrays unconditional love by applying characters as well as setting settings that adds up to the theme. Phoenix is elderly, poor sighted and weak. She takes through a path she is familiar with, to looks for medication for her only grandson who had previously ingested lye and fell sick. Phoenix pursued everything within her reach to ensure that her only grandson alive is saved. The short story applies various settings, which depicts the social interactions of the characters in the narrative hence revealing their stances in the society.

The short story has a settling that depicts the struggles of the old woman in search of the medication as he walks up and about in a winter morning, through a fence of barbed wire, where she had to crawl through and when she had to cross a marshy area along the path. She also encounters a wild dog, which frighten her making her to fall down into a ditch as she commands it to get out of her way. Besides, she encounters a white man on the way, who is hunting for pleasure and who saves her from the dog. Meanwhile, she attempts to take his nickel but the man scares her with gun, an aspect that helps the reader to appreciate the social differences between the two people who belong to different racial backgrounds. She overcomes all these problems since she is driven by the love for her grandson. The setting of the story depicts the toughness of the trip and the way of life in the American south during the great depression. The gap between the rich and the poor is so manifest as the poor as represented by Phoenix have undivided devotion for humanity while the rich, as represented by the white hunter underscores such values.

The elderly woman is comparable to a particular mythical legend of ancient Egyptian bird named Phoenix, which overcame all obstacles for its rebirth. Likewise, the woman is able to go beyond her problems in every trip as she encounters a new challenge each time. Due to her age, she has difficulties while walking across the woods, a journey she goes through due to her determination. Phoenix is black impoverished and degraded by the society due to being treated unfairly. She bears a nickel which constantly reminds her of her social deprivation. The reader is able to see her social status since she clings to the nickels as a treasure. The verbal exchanges allow the reader to be in the right mood of the story and help them to have their own interpretation of the story.

Nature is portrayed as being stunning, yet its beauty destructs Phoenix’s journey since her eyesight is poor, she is weak due to her age. However, she is able to overcome and continues with her journey. In the city, she enters the hospital where she is questioned by the nurse of her sick grandson with a presumption that he is already dead. This hurts her emotions and she forgets the reason for making the tiresome journey. She describes the situation of her grandson insisting he did not die irrespective of the harm from the lye. She is given the medication and obtains another nickel that she uses to buy a little windmill for his grandson as a present. This aspect shows that even the racially marginalized people can be materialistic just like the privileged whites who dominate the society. These scenarios underwent by Phoenix symbolizes perseverance and depicts a spirit of self-sacrifice as the reader perceives them as such.

Conclusion

Phoenix faces a psychological turmoil of racial inequalities where whites do not understand what she has gone through and therefore, looks down on her. For instance, the white hunter ironically states that she has walked all the way to town to see Santa Claus. The nurse on the other hand, dismisses Phoenix for charity and is not touched by the ailing grandson since she rushes her displeasingly. The journey she undertakes is a familiar one as she airs her thoughts on the natural objects in a monologue. She warns the wild animals to get out of her way and to complain when her weary bones ache. She has psychological imagery as she imagines her grandson offering her a portion of marble cake and complains of being old, which helps the reader to see her psychological state that might be as a result of the social distress she has faced.

 

Introduction

The onset of the internet revolutionized the concept of target marketing, whereby online companies are making use of Customer Relationship Management to gather personal data to facilitate their marketing strategies (Foss & Woodcock, 2003). The ethical and legal issues associated with online marketing are imposed by the creation of database that contains personal information of customers that are to be used in the formulation of generalized marketing strategies. Therefore, there is a growing concern for privacy issues as a result of online marketing, especially in scenarios whereby by online companies base their target marketing strategies on the personal information gathered from their clients. This paper discusses the privacy issues that may arise as a result of target online marketing.

It is important that online marketing should follow the conventional marketing ethics in order to address the privacy issues that may arise as a result of exploiting the personal information gathered from their clients. The data protection laws does not warrant the use and disclosure of another individual’s personal data for any reason, as such online companies have the responsibility of ensuring that the personal data they have gathered are not vulnerable to exploitation by other parties in the due process of marketing. The increasing internet users implies that information that is stored online is vulnerable to attacks and exploitation by malicious users; therefore, online companies must ensure that such personal information should not leak in order to comply with the data protection laws, and avoid the occurrences of instances associated with privacy issues. The basic argument is that the vulnerability of personal data in the online databases owned by such companies is vulnerable to exploitation (Foss & Woodcock, 2003).

Survey scams are also a potential threat to privacy during target marketing by online marketing. Such companies must ensure that their clients are not susceptible to survey scams. Survey scams usually aim at exploiting the personal information provided by the customers. Survey scams mainly used by fake online companies or an imitation of the legitimate companies in order to gather personal data from the clients of a legitimate company, after which they may exploit clients basing on the data that they have provided (Hofacker, 2005). In addition, personal data is sensitive, implying that it must only be used for precise purposes for which they are collected. Spammers always misdirect such clients, which may not only be a big loss for the company, but also a breach of the data protection law by the company due to unauthorized access and exploitation of personal data. For instance, the instances at match.com whereby former clients have filed a lawsuit on account that its clients are being misdirected to have them pay for accessing their user profiles that have expired or designed by spammers on the company’s web site. Another instance is the E-bay, which is currently being investigated on claims that the company is breaching privacy laws by making it difficult to for its clients to get rid of their personal information from the company’s web site. This is a perfect example of a breach of data protection laws (Siskind & Klau, 2007).

Conclusion

It is vital for online companies that rely on the personal data of their clients for target marketing to guarantee the privacy of the personal data of their clients. This means that such companies must guarantee the legitimacy of such surveys, and that the collected data must be used for its precise purpose underlying data collection.

a. One thing I learned about problem gambling & chronic mental illness?

            I have learned that problem gambling can be defined as any paradigm in which a persons vocation, finances, or relationships is negatively affected due to their behavioral attachment towards gambling. Gambling may take any form in which one tries to win money in casinos, bingo, lotteries, horse tracks, and so on. Problem gambling knows no boundaries and therefore affects people of all kind in a wider scope. As a result of problem gambling, a ‘pathological’ mental disorder can also transpire in someone’s financial, familial, professional, or even social functioning due to chronic malfunction that does not help to confront the internal gambling impulses and mental pressures as they develop a schizophrenic mind-set. Problem gambling may also lead and make a person latch on substance use with things such as tobacco and alcohol.

b. One thing I learned about the similarities of problem gambling & chronic mental illness?

Although gamblers are swayed by dissimilar factors, they all tend to exhibit some analogous phenomenological characteristics. Both problem gambling and chronic mental illness may serve as one’s purpose for ‘escape’ to a point of dissociation from life’s hustle and bustle. The people affected usually have a craving for excitement, socialization, and pleasure which is subjectively similar to their loss of control, yearning, preoccupation, and forbearance experiences. Also in both instances, a person’s overall performance is adversely affected while being left and subjected to a state of low self-esteem, depression, chronic stress, and anxiety, which is on top of their financial, family, employment, and legal problems. In addition, both cases usually tend to create a comparable cycle of addiction which has a negative corollary to their behavioral change while taking on immature roles in their families and becoming the center of attention. Families in both instances also put up with a soaring rate of dysfunction which proves to have a heavy toll on the people involved with them. Both cases are also triggered and worsened by the distasteful feeling of stress, fear, depression, anxiety, and loneliness.

c. One thing I learned about the differences between problem gambling & chronic mental illness?

People with chronic mental illness which leads to pathological gambling usually gamble with huge a sum of money to consecutively realize their desired excitement and usually feel irritated and restless when trying to stop or even cutting down on their gambling rates. However, a person with problem gambling is usually preoccupied with the activity and is less enthusiastic in spending money on other things rather than gambling as they control their own money unlike the pathological gamblers. Although people with problem gambling may overtly show their gambling life to the ones involved in their lives, pathological gamblers tend to conceal their activities by lying to family, therapist, and friends about their partaking levels with gambling. While people with problem gambling use credit cards and jeopardizes their professions, most pathological gamblers usually depend on other people to finance their gambling activities or when even relieving themselves from a desperate gambling situation.  In addition, although persons with problem gambling may feel guilty about their gambling activities, pathological gamblers are deeply infatuated on winning that they repeatedly return once more even after losing money. While people with problem gambling do not fall under a medical diagnostic criterion, gamblers with chronic mental disorder immensely meet the medical diagnostic criteria as they are deeply obsessed with gambling at alarming rates.

d. One thing I learned about treating people with problem gambling & chronic mental illness?

Through residential treatment and group therapy, people with problem gambling can respectively get a dedicated service which is non-hospital-based while also receiving support and advice from other victims who of gambling and also from those still in recovery. Also through cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy, pathological gamblers can medically be examined so that their extreme gambling obsession that only strengthens their problematical gambling obscurity which also brings about the flawed observation on possibility, skill and providence can scientifically be corrected.

Introduction

A correlation exists between the slavery and the onset of civil wars because of the fact that slavery in itself was a violation of the civil liberties of the people, which is one of the core reasons that contributed to increasing civil wars (Rodriguez, 2007). However, a point of contention is the varying perception towards the motive behind the slavery of the African-Americans. Prior to the onset of the civil movements, slavery was not practiced basing on racial and cultural grounds rather than practicing slavery for economic interests of the self. According to Foner, the beginning of the civil rights movements was a bottleneck towards the effective ending of slavery. This paper attempts to provide analysis of the social cultural, business and historical elements outlined in Foner’s “slavery and the origins of Civil war.

The civil rights movement revolutionized the perception of slavery in association with race relations. This implied that slaves were an inferior race, and were in dire need of civilization influences in order to help in the creation of a racial equity irrespective of the master servant relationship. Prior to the civil movements, slaves are depicted in the context of the plantation whereby they are in constant conflicts with their masters. The conflicts were contributed by the need for the masters to maximize their profits, while the slaves responded using rebellions that gradually grew to become the civil movements (Foner, 1988). Therefore, the argument that slavery was not oriented with racial grounds is not plausible. It stands that African Americans were oppressed based on their race, as a result, they were subjected to plantation labor with minimal pay (Rodriguez, 2007).

Foner claims that slavery was primarily involved with the economic interest of the masters, as opposed to the views of slavery portrayed by the civil movements that slavery was based on racial and cultural grounds. This approach to slavery is reasonable, although the aspect of racial and cultural prejudice should not be overlooked when interpreting the impacts of slavery on the African Americans. The civil movements were because of the aspect of racial prejudice that the slaves faced. In a narrower perspective, old delusions concerning slavery are not reasonable. Therefore, an inference that can be arrived at is that the slavery integrated both racial and cultural prejudice and the economic interest where by masters aimed at maximizing their profits at the expense of the African Americans (Rodriguez, 2007).

Regarding the aspect of religion and family in the contest of slavery, the southern institutions depended on the interpretation of religion to enhance slavery. It is inferable that preachers were among the major organizers of spreading the slave conspiracies on the account of religious interpretations. The resilience of the African Americans to be submissive to the interpretations of Christianity played an integral role in fostering the birth of civil movements and the realization of their exploitation (Rodriguez, 2007).

Conclusion

It is a fact that slavery originated from economic foundations; however, the social relations aspect of slavery should not be overlooked. Slavery was more than just a form of economic investment, and its outcome led to society that is divided basing on racial and cultural grounds through enhancing inferiority among the African Americans.

Ideas of Winnicott

Donald W. Winnicott was an English writer since 1930s to 1970s. He was a pediatrician as well as a psychoanalyst. He died at the age of 74, leaving behind remarkable writings, which were free from jargon, making it easy and enjoyable to read. His writing skills and ideas were coiled through radio talks as well as professional lectures. He inspired many.

Winnicott main area of concentration was in child development. He clearly portrays the involvement of infant and the environment, coherently elaborating on the balance there in. He initiated and inspired the ideas of Heinz Kohuts through his conceptual development of the infant.

Two examples that Winnicott expressed through his writing are: (A) Environment and instinct, and (B) psycho neurosis

(A) Environment and instinct

Environment according to the writing of Winnicott is outlined to be the surroundings were the infant is adapting and growing in. Winnicott claims that, good environment facilitates remarkable maturity of the infant. He goes further and argues that, as the infant grows, the lesser it will depend on the environment or the mother in general.

Winnicott, in relation to Freud’s notion of intuition, he shifted gears and elaborated on how the infant interacts with the environment. He points out that, the infant generally inhabits the environment, and this helps it in growing while socially adapting to the environment. He did this through understanding the emotional development of the young child, which is intertwined with the terms of the child’s relation with the mother then the instincts. Winnicott further gives attribute to Freud by supporting the claim that growth moves more towards maturity than instinctual.

No matter the situation of the environment, Winnicott advocates that environment shapes the infant. He argues that the maternal care is the key factor in infant development which is channeled through a favorable environment.

(B)  Psycho neurosis.

Psych neurosis is the stage whereby one is capable to interact with other people independent of the environment. Winnicott claims that such characters are induced and mentored fully by the environment, and can adopt without anxiety and conflict.

Environment that later fails can bring about illness, among them is intermediate illness. It is also known as mental disturbance. Its consequence is that it enables a child to have ego organization, thus hindering growth before the child enrapturing into internal environment. It is in this internal environment were the child is said to be independent. Individuals who happen to suffer this illness are said to be anti-social, and interact slowly and with difficulties. They have an attitude that the society owes them.

Winnicott also identifies that, psychosis environmental failure to provide maturational process. As a result, the child is unable to integrate, personify, as well as relate objects.

In a nut shell, the environment should be conducive for the nurturing and development of the infant.

 

Innovative and refreshing about the work of Winnicott

Winnicott has fascinating and educating writing. He clearly shows the necessary precautions towards healthy child development. He points out dos and don’ts. For example, by writing about the environment, characteristics and how the infant adopts.

Also by identifying the illnesses brought about by improper environment during infant development. He also shows ways on improving the environment, and ensuring that the child is brought up in the best and suitable environment as possible.