Author: chris

Introduction to law

Question One
Article 34.1 of the Constitution provides that:

‘Justice shall be administered in courts established by law by judges appointed in the manner provided by this Constitution, and, save in such special and limited cases as may be prescribed by law, shall be administered in public.’

The Courts (Establishment and Constitution) Act 1961, and the Courts (Supplemental Provisions) Act 1961, provided for the establishment of the current court structure.

You are required to discuss the differences in the jurisdiction of:

(a) the civil division of the Circuit Court and the District Court, and
(b) the criminal division of the Circuit Court and the District Court.

You should take into consideration how such cases are prepared for hearing in the courts. You should support your answer with reference to the relevant legislation.

Question Two

In an effort to improve the financial position of the Government, the Minister for Students has just initiated the DCU (Annihilation) Bill 2013 in the Dáil. If enacted, the Bill will ban all third-level DCU students from attending the University on weekdays. Although some TDs oppose the Bill, a majority are in favour of it. A large number of Senators are strongly opposed to the Bill. The President is watching developments closely, as she is very concerned that such legislation might infringe DCU students’ constitutional rights.

(a) Outline the procedure by which the Bill will pass through the Oireachtas. Your answer should include a consideration of the role of the Seanad.

AND

(b) If the Bill is presented to the President to be signed into law, what options are open to her?

how to succeed in a hospitality industry

Outline for (how to succeed in hospitality industry)

Introduction: thesis underlined.

The word hospitality has become accepted over the years as a universal word, which describes one of the largest and fast growing industries in the world,

that provides a lot of job opportunities for a lot of people. The two most important aspects with in the hospitality industry that makes a lot of profit is the service and the rooms .

body 1:

1-service / rooms

1-quality

2-team work

3-effecincy

body 2:

2-jobs opportunity’s

1-world wide

2-fun job

3-discovering different cultures

conclusion:

In conclusion, the term hospitality is clear as it sounds, when understanding this term fully in order to succeed in hospitality, I think that the job opportunities for a lot of people and the two most important aspects with in the hospitality industry that makes a hospitality workplace running perfectly are the service and the rooms sold .

electronic principles 2

 

 

Unit 39: Electronic Principles

 

 

Assignment 2 – Circuits with Feedback and Sine Wave Oscillators

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Student Name:   __________________________

 

 

 

 

 

Unit Tutor Assessor Signature Date Assessed
Dr Muhammed Al-Asadi

 

 

Grading Criteria
Pass Achieved Merit Achieved Distinction Achieved
3.1 M1 N/A D1 N/A
3.2 M2 N/A D2 N/A
3.3 M3a N/A D3  
4.1 M3b    
4.2
4.3

 

 

Assignment Author IV signature

(brief)

 IV signature

(assessment)
Dr Muhammed Al-Asadi J.Hayes

 

 

 

 


ASSESSMENT FEEDBACK                                                                                                         

Note: the Notional Score is for formative feedback purposes only. 5 is allocated as sufficient for meeting the criteria, less than 5 is an indication of extra work required, more than 5 is an indication extra work included.

 

PASS grade must be achieved:

Outcomes Learner has demonstrated the ability to: Source of evidence Tutors comments Notional Score (10)
 

Outcome 3

 

Understand the types and effects of feedback on circuits performance

  

LO3.1: describe types of feedback and determine the effects of circuit performance when feedback is applied

 

  

Task 1

 

LO3.2: design a circuit employing negative feedback

 

  

Task 1

 
 

LO3.3: investigate the effects of applying feedback to single and multi-stage circuits

 

  

Task 1

 
 

Outcome 4

 

Understand the operation and applications of sine wave oscillators

  

LO4.1: describe the circuit conditions and the methods used to achieve sinusoidal oscillation

 

  

Task 2
 

LO4.2: build and evaluate a sine wave oscillator to a given specification

  

Task 2
 

LO4.3: explain the advantages of crystal-controlled oscillator circuits

 

 Task 2

MERIT grade descriptors that may be achieved for this assignment:

Merit Grade Descriptors Indicative Characteristics Source of evidence Tutors comments Notional Score (10)
M3b

 

Present and communicate appropriate findings

  

Throughout the report, the solutions are coherently presented using technical language appropriately and in a professional manner

 

  

All Tasks

 

 

Distinction grade descriptors that may be achieved for this assignment:

Merit Grade Descriptors Indicative Characteristics Source of evidence Tutors comments Notional Score (10)
D3

 

Demonstrate convergent/ lateral/ creative thinking

 

 

  

  1. Ideas have been generated and decisions taken

 

  1. Self-evaluation has taken place

 

  

All Tasks

 

 

All Tasks

 

 

  


General Information

 

All submissions to be electronic in MS Word format with a minimum of 20 typed words. All answers must be clearly identified as to which task and question they refer to. All work must be submitted through Learn zone.

 

All questions in the tasks must be completed correctly with sufficient detail to gain the pass criteria.

 

Where a word count has been specified, the submission must be within ±10% of that value. Graphs, photographs and illustrations are not counted toward the word counting.

 

All answers must be supported with proper referencing of all articles, books, websites and materials being used in addition to a list of the datasheet used to meet the Merit and Distinction criteria given in this brief.

 

 

Task 1 – Learning Outcomes 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3

 

Describe types of feedback and determine the effects of circuit performance when feedback is applied

 

Design a circuit employing negative feedback

 

Investigate the effects of applying feedback to single and multi-stage circuits

 

Q1: List and describe types of feedback and the advantages they offer to an electronic amplifier and describe their operation. Support your answer with block diagrams.

 

                                                                                                                          (450 words each)

 

Q2: For the amplifier circuit with feedback given in Figure 1, workout expression for the calculation of the closed loop gain as function of both open loop gain of the amplifier and the feedback factor.

 

VS
VO
Vi
AV1
β
AV2
AV3

 

 

 

Figure 1

 

The three amplifiers of figure 1, each has a gain of 50dB. A negative feedback is applied to provide an overall gain of 30dB. Determine:

  1. The required feedback factor
  2. The percentage increase in the overall gain if the gain of each amplifier is increased by 50%.

 

Q3: An amplifier has an input resistance of 2kΩ and a gain of 150dB. Design a Voltage-Series, negative feedback applied to provide an overall gain of 20dB. Determine:

 

  1. The feedback factor
  2. The input resistance with feedback
  3. Comment on the designed circuit characteristics illustrating the effect of applying feedback on the amplifier performance.

 

Q5: Using computer package, build the two stage amplifier circuit with feedback, illustrated in figure 2:

 

Figure 2

 

  1. Simulate the operation of the amplifier when R6, R7, C2 and C4 are not connected. Measure the amplifier gain without feedback. Measure both low and high frequencies and the bandwidth of the amplifier response.

 

  1. Simulate the feedback circuit when R6, R7 and C2 are connected and C4 is not connected and measure the frequency response. Measure the amplifier’s gain, both low and high frequencies and the BW of the amplifier circuit. Compare your results with those obtained in 1.

 

  1. Add the capacitor C4 to the circuit. Repeat your measurements and show the effects of the new capacitor on the BW and the low and high frequencies of the amplifier. Discuss and compare the new measurements with those obtained in 1 and 2.

 

To achieve part of D3: provide extra information regarding feedback with amplifier circuits and datasheets for the components used. List any references used at the end of your assignment

 

 

Task 2 – Learning Outcomes 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3

 

Describe the circuit conditions and the methods used to achieve sinusoidal oscillation

 

Build and evaluate a sine wave oscillator to a given specification

 

Explain the advantages of crystal-controlled oscillator circuits

 

 

Q1: Using a simple sinusoidal circuit, describe the basic conditions and method to achieve sinusoidal oscillation.

                                                                                                                                     (150 words)

 

 

Q2: List and describe the operation of two types of oscillator circuits. Illustrate your answers with figures.

                                                                                                                          (150 words each)

 

Q3: Using computer package, build, simulate and evaluate the Wien-Bridge Oscillator circuit shown in Figure 3.

 

Procedure to analyse the circuit:

  1. To analyse the circuit, click on Run from the Simulate menu or press F5.
  2. To change the potentiometer wiper position, Hit “A” on the keyboard, Ra decreases while Rb increases.
  3. Hitting “a” on the keyboard, Ra increases while Rb decreases.
  4. To view the resistance across Ra, double click on the multi-meter.
  5. Note that the circuit will not oscillate until the potentiometer show 40%.
  6. Calculate the frequency of the output signal for the above circuit. Compare that with the frequency of the output signal obtained from the simulation.
  7. Within your evaluation, list some practical considerations that should be taken into account when building a practical Wien bridge oscillator.

                                                                                                                                (350 words each)

 

Figure 3

 

Q4: For the Wien-Bridge Oscillator shown in Figure 4, Determine:

  1. The capacitor value required for the oscillator to resonate at 150 kHz if the resistor used is R1=R2=200Ω.
  2. The close loop gain and the feedback factor
  3. The output voltage of the oscillating circuit if the input voltage is 150mV/45O.

 

 

Figure 4

 

 

Q5: Explain and discuss the advantages of crystal oscillator compared to the rest of oscillating circuits

                                                                                                                          (400 words each)

 

 

 

 

 

End of assessment brief

Evaluating a Research Report

Example of a research report

This post will discuss strengths and areas that could be improved in Devine’s 2009 research proposal to examine the effectiveness of equine assisted psychotherapy (EAP) in improving coping skills. Devine’s work was developed apparently to meet a Master’s thesis requirement and is a proposal for a research study, so there was no actual data collection, data analysis, interpretation of analysis, or results ensuing. Therefore, in describing the study, I will address the research design, and proposed data collection, and data analysis. I also note for COUN 6326 scholars, that it is acceptable for you to choose to critically review Devine’s work as well. I know some of you are interested in animal assisted therapy and multiple viewpoints of criticism are one of the things that makes research fun. Some of you might think I have been too easy on Devine as compared to COUN 6326 scholarly standards!

Devine’s (2009) Research Proposal

Devine (2009) proposed a time series ABA design or what she referred to as a “. . .multiple-baseline single subject design” (p. 3). There would be weekly measures of the dependent variables four times before the intervention and four times following cessation of the intervention. The dependent variables of perceived stress and coping would be measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1994) and the Coping Resources Inventory (Marting & Hammer, 1994) respectively. The independent variable or intervention would be six sessions of EAP. The delivery of EAP would follow the model developed by the Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA, see http://www.eagala.org/) and involve “. . . nondirective, solution-oriented activities with horses” (p. 22) that require no riding. These sessions would be administered by a licensed mental health professional in conjunction with an equine specialist; one of these individuals would need to hold EAGALA certification. The participant would be an individual seeking mental health treatment. Devine proposed graphic displays and t tests to compare the pre and post treatment means of the dependent variable scores.

Strengths in Devine’s (2009) Research Proposal

Strengths in Devine’s (2009) study included the use of EAGALA’s model formulating a purposeful agenda for research. While she did not definitely state the purpose of her research, it was clear she was aligned with ESGLA’s intent to provide research based evidence for the effectiveness of EAP. She provided a fairly solid literature review with over 30 references. She clearly described her research design and operationalized her dependent variables. The administration of the EPS sessions were to follow the EAGALA model and hence, in a sense, were “manualized.” She also presented a solid plan for data analysis. She acknowledged the limitations of the single subject research design. In these aspects, another researcher could implement her research proposal.

 

 

Areas for Improvement in Devine’s (2009) Research Proposal

Devine could have improved her proposed research by providing evidence regarding the psychometric soundness of her measures of the dependent variable. While Devine stated that the participant in the research would be “randomly selected” (p. 20), she provided no details on how this would be accomplished. Given that the participant might be “seeking treatment for any reason, diagnosis, or problem” (p. 20), it would be difficult to ascertain the appropriateness of the EAP for the individual. More specificity regarding the mental health services the proposed participant might be seeking would help in determining the effectiveness of the treatment and better allow another researcher to replicate the study. The quality of Devine’s writing was often marred by what appeared to be proofreading errors or a lack of familiarity with correct APA formatting.

 

 

Overall, Devine provided a modest proposal but one that was sufficient in the details of methodology to inform readers of her research intent. Her research report was sufficiently well structured and organized to present her ideas clearly to readers.

Cohen, S. (1994) Perceived stress scale manual. Redwood City, NJ: Mind Garden.