Project Outline
The project simulates a performance analysis or problem solving study. The project incorporates conceptualization, operationalization, research designs, and statistical methods and analysis.
Introduction the topic
An introduction sets up the purpose of the project through direct and specific data about the topic. An effective introduction is concise and to precise.
Begin by telling the reader what your project’s topic is. Next, tell the reader why the topic is important. “Topic importance” is conceptualized by three types of information:
Numbers that tell the reader about the scale of the topic and how the metric of the topic have changed in recent times;
Numbers that tell the reader the impact or costs of the topic; e.g. increased crime rate resulted in lower home values (how much lower) and or residents migrating from a city, neighborhood (how many moved); and
Policy and or programs that addressed or failed to address effectively the grow/decline or the costs/impacts of the topic.
The introduction concludes with a brief description of what follows in the paper. The paper should identify each section. Each section should have a title. For example, “Section 1: Efforts to Stem Violent Crime in Neighborhoods covers prior crime reduction policies and programs. The review will give special attention studies within the last five years that have measured outcomes of community and law enforcement strategies designed to reduce violent behavior and the tolerance of violence in specific neighborhoods. Section 2″ …etc.
Section 1—Review of the Literature
The literature review weaves together information about the topic. You, the writer, must command the information and not let the information lead you. You are not a story teller. Your role is that of an analyst who objectively surveyed the literature and added value by organizing the information thematically or chronologically, or in some other fashion that relates to the content of the literature and the topic. Good literature reviews contain information about:
Theories and or research that explain what causes your topic (the dependent variable) to change.
Policies and programs that illustrate those theories.
Types of studies that have been conducted using research terms (e.g. survey, experimental design, case study etc.) and definitions of those terms, and how the study collected and analyzed data to increase our understanding of the topic.
Failures of policy or programs and or gaps in the literature or the limitations of studies. For example, data could be qualitative, data collection could be limited to a place or few places (case studies), or data could be limited to national or the state and you believe we need to know about localities.
This section ends with how you will expand our understanding. The ending logically leads you to the next section on your study.
Section 2—Proposed Study and Methodology
This section begins with a research statement or question. You inform the reader about the definition and attributes of your dependent variable. You also identify at least three independent variables, including definitions and attributes that will be measured. Finally, you tell the reader how…what method…you will use to collect data on your variables. Given the analysis that will follow, you will set hypotheses and you will tell the reader how you will test the hypotheses…what ‘significance” measures you will need to reject or accept the null hypothesis.
In summary:
Identify and define four variables (one dependent and three independent variables);
Identify each variable’s level of measurement… all four variables must be interval ratio level measurements;
Explain how data was collected for each variable;
Specify your model;
Propose the appropriate number of null and research hypotheses; and
Establish what significance level will cause you to reject or accept the null and research hypotheses.
Dependent variable:
Total Percentage of vacant houses (2014)
Independent variables:
1. Unemployed rate (2011)
2. Average Home Appreciation for last 10 years
3. Residential Property Tax Delinquency (2012)
Section 3—Quantitative Data Analysis
This section utilizes analytical steps that in book that is ((Wang, XiaoHu. Performance Analysis for Public and Nonprofit Organizations. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2010)). The first element of analysis describes data. Each variable is treated separately. Describing data requires letting the reader see the data in tables and graphically and then telling the reader what they notice in the table(s) and graphic images of the data. Next, you begin to analyze the data using statistics that reveals how the data clusters and spreads. We use average and dispersion statistics to describe these patterns. You also need to identify outliers.
Next, you use statistics to tell the reader the variables relate. The reader should know which variables are dependent and independent. We use correlation to see how strongly each independent variable relates to the dependent variable. However, you should also run correlation to see how strongly each independent variable relates to the other independent variable. Remember, your model is theoretical so you could have the independent and dependent variable in the wrong order.
And finally, you conduct a test of the relation between each independent variable and the dependent variable (simple regression) and test the specified model of independent variables and the dependent variable.
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