Pharmacology

Pharmacology

Pain is one of the vital communications tools in the human body. Majority of human beings do not like pain, and tend to avoid situations or objects that may cause pain. In this context, a person walking into a dark room accidently kicks a metal chair; it is unfortunate that the individual was bare footed at the time of the incident. The person will felt pain as a result of the impact. Pain communicates to the rest of the body informing individuals that something is wrong and necessitates immediate attention.

No matter the source of pain, pain is an emotional experience and unpleasant sensory. There are different causes of pain and individuals respond to pain differently. The feeling of pain also varies with individuals, and at times could be incapacitating. Pain is categorised in a number of ways (APS, 2009 p. 54). Common categories identify with acute pain, chronic pain, pain caused by damages of tissues, pain caused by damages of nerves, central pain syndrome, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia and shingles and postherpetic neuralgia.

In this case, an individual hurting his/her leg after knocking down a metal chair in a dark room will experience acute pain. Acute pain is different from chronic pain. Acute pain is characterised with a sudden feeling of pain and lasts for a short duration (Macintyre & Schug, 2007 p. 300). Acute pain is experienced after damages in muscles, bones and organs. The onset of the acute pain is characterised with emotional distress and anxiety (Sinatra et al., 2009 p. 288).

Acute pain is debilitating and in most cases affect or can be affected by the state of mind of the individual. There are cases when the psychological distress has amplified acute pain. In the past one decade, assessment and management of pain have diversified with advancement in the medical technology. Health care practitioners rely on interviewing techniques, knowledge and skills in physical assessment in defining the nature of pain (Bbp, 2010 p. 2).

Pain in the human body has pushed patients to seek medical care, there are clinical practice guidelines and pain related position statements used in the assessment and management of pain. Studies conducted on pain management indicate that pain is inadequately and inconsistently addressed (Pasero & McCaffery, 2010 p. 507). It is argued that pain is a personal experience, and subjective experience only explained by the persons feeling the pain (Macintyre & Schug, 2007 p. 239). Acceptance and recognition of pain is the first step of assessing and managing pain. Most of the health care professionals manage pain in human beings on the basis of self report on the part of the patients. Health care professionals have challenges managing pain in people unable to express themselves verbally (Pasero & McCaffery, 2010 p. 655).

In this context, the metal chair acts as the stimuli that provoked pain to the individual after the individual accidentally kicked it while bare footed in the dark room. There are a number of pains relieving medications such as paracetamols that a person can take in managing mild and acute pain (APS, 2009 p. 104). Prolonged acute pain may activate autonomic nervous systems resulting to tachycardia, hypertension, shallow respiration, diaphoresis, facial grimacing, restlessness, pallor, guarding behaviours and pupil dilation (Sinatra et al., 2009 p. 409).

Pain is normal in human beings since it alerts the body that something is wrong somewhere and needs immediate attention. In this case, the person could not see in the dark room. Accidentally kicking the metal chair with bare feet triggering acute pain and signalling to the individual that something was wrong. The individual had to attend to the bare foot that was hurt by the metal chair. People respond differently to pain. Pain causes emotional, physical and psychological distress.

List of References

APS (2009). Principles of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain. 6th ed. Glenview, Illinois: American Pain Society (APS). 21-111.

Bbp (2010). Pain Management Pocketcard Set. Hermosa: Borm Bruckmeier Publishing LLC. 1-2.

Macintyre, P. & Schug, S (2007). Acute Pain Management. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. 112-302.

Pasero, C. & McCaffery, M (2010). Pain Assessment and Pharmacologic Management. Maryland Heights, Missouri: Mosby. 344-704.

Sinatra, R., Leon-Cassasola, O., Viscusi, E., & Ginsberg, B (2009). Acute Pain Management. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 66-645.

 

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