Part I. Recognizing concepts and variables in published research
In the folder with this midterm examination you will find a subfolder labeled “Support files for the midterm exam.” There are two articles from sociological journals in PDF format in this
subfolder. Read through these files carefully and answer the questions below. The first two questions are from the article on homophobia. The next two are from the article on religiosity.
Questions pertaining to the article: Exploring the Relationship between Homophobia and
Participating in Core Sports among High School Students.
1. What is the dependent variable in this study, and how exactly, is it operationalized? (1 short paragraph, 2 points)
2. What level of measurement best describes the dependent variable in this study after it
was transformed into the final form used by the authors in their statistical models? (1
sentence, 1 point)
Questions pertaining to the article: Is Personal Insecurity a Cause of Cross-National Differences
in the Intensity of Religious Belief?
3. What is the main independent variable in this study and how, exactly, does the author
purport to measure it? (1 paragraph, 2 points)
4. The author goes to considerable lengths to defend the validity of the main independent
variable in this study. Which form or forms of validity does he invoke to defend his
conceptualization of the independent variable? Give specific examples from the article.
(1 sentence, 1 point)
Part II. Applying operationalization and measurement
4. Choose one of the following concepts: (1) patriotism, (2) racism, (3) environmentalism.
Operationalize the concept into a survey index with three ordinal questions. Make sure each
question measures a different aspect of the concept and then write two or three sentences
defending the content validity of your operationalization. (4 points)
Part III. Sampling
5. Explain, in detail, how you would draw a representative sample of adults (18+) in Florida
without a sampling frame listing these adults. Be specific on exactly how you would go about
your task (1 or 2 paragraph, 3 points)
6. What is the essential difference between a quota sample and a stratified random sample?
How does this difference affect our ability to generalize from a quota sample? (1 or 2
sentences, 2 points)
Part IV. Miscellaneous
7. You are a researcher doing a study on how different ethnic groups in your town feel about
the city council. Ethnic group A constitutes 45 percent of the town’s population. Ethnic group B
constitutes 45 percent of the town’s population. Ethnic group C constitutes 10 percent of the
town’s population.
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