1. Geology Discussion Post
1. 1st post due Wednesdays 11:59pm CST.
a. Requirements:
i. Worth 10 points total.
ii. Must be at least 6 sentences in length.
iii. Must respond to every aspect of the weekly prompt above, using information/facts from our weekly reading, lecture and research.
iv. Must include the source information in an APA formatted reference list and APA intext citations throughout the post. (This is 2 out of the 10 points of the post.)
v. Be in your own words.
2. Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice Capstone Discussion post
How do the three components of the justice system work together for a common goal? Are these systems effectively working together? Provide an example of both sides of this issue.(See reading below)
The criminal justice system is composed of three areas: law enforcement, courts and corrections. These individual three areas work together to embody our justice system. Each area has individual goals and objections that align with the overall system goals. The effectiveness of the system relies on these areas working together for the common goal. The law enforcement component of the criminal justice system is made up of hundreds of agencies. These agencies include everything from local sheriffs and police departments to federal agencies, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Local law enforcement agencies include county sheriffs and deputies as well as city or municipal police departments. Some states also have state departments (they may investigate traffic or high profile cases, etc.). The Texas Rangers, Minnesota State Patrol and The Massachusetts State Police are examples of state run police programs. Federal law enforcement agencies investigate federal crimes and include the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
Law Enforcement
Some of the objectives of law enforcement include: community service, crime prevention, order maintenance, education, investigations, and apprehending offenders. The goals of law enforcement as a whole are dynamic and tend to shift as societal needs shift. For example, in the 1980’s there was a heavy push for enforcement of drug crimes, while post 9/11 brought the focus to terrorism.
Law enforcement is the first step in the justice system. The other components of the system (courts and corrections) rely on law enforcement for their efficiency. For example, if an officer makes an illegal stop or search, this affects the next step in the process, the court system. The illegal arrest will be dismissed in court as unconstitutional. While these checks and balances are in place for a good reason, sending offenders through the system inappropriately is both time consuming, expensive, and potentially violates the rights of individuals. Law enforcement officers are considered the gatekeepers of the system, as the system begins when they investigate and/or apprehend a suspect.
Courts
The court system is made up of both state and federal court systems. Persons accused of crimes that violate state law are heard in state court, and those accused of federal crimes are heard in federal court. The objective of the court system is to objectively decide on guilt or innocence and also to impose a sentence if necessary. The court process begins when an offender has their first appearance (typically within 48 hours of arrest). This process continues until an offender’s case is dismissed or they are sentenced. These steps include: bail hearings, arraignments, pre-trial activities, trial, and penalty phase. Once an offender has been sentenced, they move into the corrections system.
Corrections
The corrections system consists of both community and residential programs. Community corrections include areas such as: probation, community service, half-way homes, parole, treatment, and many others. Community corrections are programs that are completed in the community as opposed to a correctional facility. These programs range depending on the needs of the community and the offender.
Correctional facilities include jails and prisons. Typically, jails are reserved for offenders who are either serving less than a year sentence or are waiting for trial. Prisons are typically for offenders who are sentenced to longer than one year. Prisons range from minimum security to super maximum, depending on the needs of the offender and the safety of others.
Working Together
The three components of the justice system (law enforcement, courts and corrections) work both independently and together for common goals. If one area is not efficient, the others are affected. In certain cases, the goals may contradict one another. The overall goal is for a system of justice that works efficiently and towards the goal of safety and accountability, as well as due process and justice.
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