Author: chris

“It is established that negotiations which meet the requirements of offer, acceptance and consideration may fail to be enforceable at common law as a contract because it is said there was an absence of legal intent.”
Clarke “Contract Law in Ireland” 6th Ed (2008)Pg 96
Critically discuss the areas where the law assumes an intention to create legal relations AND where the law does not presume that there is an intention to create legal relations.

In your answer it is necessary to refer to BOTH case law and academic commentary.

Final Project

Case Consult Report

Please note: These are descriptions of the instruments and the general categories on which they focus in criminal psychology. These are not the actual risk assessment tools, and they do not provide examples of actual risk measures. Giving out the actual assessment tools to untrained practitioners would be unethical; the information you will receive is easily accessed via the Internet.

Instructions:

Review the following case and write a short case consult.
Use the attached document on risk assessment to complete the risk assessment component of the case consult. In writing the report please remain mindful of the potential audience which would include the client, their lawyer, the court and a peer reviewer.
The report should be organized in a logical manner and written with professional language.
Grading:

The evaluation of this project will focus on

The comprehensive nature of the case consult
The rational and explination used for the risk assessment
Overall quality of the composition
Compliance with the format requirements.

Format:

1. A minimum of 3,000 words (approximately 8 narrative pages) not including cover page and references page

2. The cover page should include the name and number of the course, the name of the student, title of the project and the date of submission.

3. The narrative composition is to be 12 pt font, double spacing, with 1 inch margins

4. Resources, including course materials, must be cited both in the narrative where appropriate and on a separate references page, using APA citation rules.

5. Projects should be submitted using the WebTycho Assignment Folder unless instructed otherwise.

6. At the instructor’s discretion, this project may be submitted to Turnitin or other service for verification of originality

Case Consult Information:

Mr. Rose is a 30 year old single male with no dependants. He was recently convicted of assault and sexual assault and was sentenced to three years federal custody. The offense was committed against his former girlfriend. In the instant offense Mr. Rose went to the apartment of his former girlfriend late at night and forced entry into the residence. The former girlfriend had attempted to deny access to the apartment due to the ending of their relationship 3 months prior and due to the fact that Mr. Rose arrived late at night, intoxicated and carrying a backpack with a 6-pack of beer. Over the next four hours Mr. Rose continued to drink and berate her, demanding that she tell him about any relationships she has had since their split. The victim insisted that there had been no relationships with other persons and Mr. Rose accused her of lying. He proceeded to sexually assault her. The assault included slapping, punching, forced intercourse and vaginal penetration with a beer bottle. During the assault he repeatedly stated that he would kill her. He eventually passed out and the victim was able to escape to a neighbor’s apartment and phone the police. Mr. Rose was arrested in her apartment. Mr. Rose pleaded not guilty and insisted that the sexual activity was consensual. During the trial Mr. Rose accused the judge of taking the victim’s side because she was attractive and cried in court. Mr. Rose was found guilty and sentenced to three years’ incarceration an additional five years of supervised release and was mandated to sex offender and substance abuse treatment. Mr. Rose was adamant that he will not participate in any form of treatment.

Mr. Rose has arrived for the assessment in casual dress. He states that he will comply with the interview but does not believe that it will be helpful to him as; “You bastards just make up what you want anyway”. Mr. Rose signed the informed consent. Mr. Rose described his relationship with the victim as his most significant and longest live-in relationship. They lived together on and off for approximately six years. The relationship was tumultuous with violent arguments and repeated break ups. During these break ups they would live apart for periods of 4-6 months. Mr. Rose would return to the relationship and as he stated, “she couldn’t live without me and always took me back”. The victim reported that the arguments were mostly about his drinking and his friends whom the victim stated were a bad influence on Mr. Rose. Mr. Rose also would constantly accuse the victim of cheating and would check her cell phone and email and often had friends follow her and report her activities. She described him as violent, controlling and extremely jealous. Mr. Rose blamed the victim for being a boring nag and for cheating although he never had any proof of infidelity. Mr. Rose when asked stated that he thought all women cheated and were constantly “looking for something better” in a man.

When asked why he remained in the relationship with someone he didn’t trust Mr. Rose replied that the “sex was great” and that “she would let me try new things”. Mr. Rose also said that she was able to “keep up with me” regarding his sex drive. Mr. Rose stated that he needed to have sex daily and that in prior relationships he would often supplement sexually by having casual sexual encounters with women he met at the bar or with prostitutes. Mr. Rose reported that sex was very important to him and that if his partner was unwilling to provide him with sex he was always able to find it somewhere else. Mr. Rose estimates that he has had over 60 sexual partners in his lifetime. Mr. Rose also stated that he was a regular attendee of strip clubs and that he would go there alone after work, especially if he had had a bad day. Mr. Rose reported that this was a source of arguments with partners but that he thought it was the best way for him to manage stress.

Mr. Rose’s criminal history is extensive and diverse. It began at age 16 and over the past 15 years he has been sentenced for a variety of charges on 12 separate occasions. The charges included assault, theft, reckless driving (street racing), and drug possession. Mr. Rose explained that the assaults were all against men and were the result of the other men being jealous of their girlfriend’s interest in him sexually. Mr. Rose stated that he has never lost a fight and that he honed his skills during his many stints in jail. Mr. Rose admits that he has a problem following rules and he does not listen to what authority figures tell him to do. His most recent supervised release was ended when he was arrested for a DUI when out past the court imposed curfew.

Mr. Rose’s employment consists of construction work. He has been in that field for over 10 years and finds it satisfying. His legal problems have not interfered with his work as he claims that there are always other guys “willing to fill in for me” when he is unable to report for work. When not working Mr. Rose enjoys working on cars and spends days at a friend’s garage working on cars and driving the cars. Mr. Rose drinks beer during this time. Although he reports that alcohol is not a problem for him he admits to drinking until he is drunk or passed out on weekends or after a stressful day or argument with his partner. He also states that he smokes marijuana regularly to relax.

Mr. Rose reports that he has many friends and is well known in the community. His two closest friends are Bob and Rick and he has known them for over 10 years. He met Bob while in county jail where Bob was serving time for drug possession and distribution. He states that Bob no longer sells drugs because he now works in construction. Bob does use his former connections, however, to procure marijuana to smoke. Bob has an order of protection against him for calling the victim repeatedly to relay messages from Mr. Rose which was a violation of a court non-communication order. Mr. Rose met Steve through Bob. Steve owns the garage where they spend a majority of their time. Steve also lives in the same apartment building as the victim. Mr. Rose states that Steve “keeps an eye on her for me”. Neither Bob nor Steve believe that the current offense happened but have stated that if it did, it was instigated by the victim.

Mr. Rose has limited contact with his parents. He at one time lived with them while on supervised release but said that they “kept trying to control me and gave me a curfew like a child”. The parents stated that their son took advantage of their living arrangement and refused to pay for expenses, stole, damaged property and had loud parties. They stated that they only wanted him to pay for any additional expenses, abide by the court ordered curfew and to seek counseling for alcohol. Mr. Rose stated that he has no intention of attending any type of treatment and could care less if he ever spoke to his family again.

Mr. Rose’s plans for the future are to “keep on keeping on” which he explained meant to return to the same community and pick up where he left off. He does not believe that there is any aspect of his behavior that he needs to change and that his difficulties are the result of law enforcement “picking on me and getting me for minor crap”. Mr. Rose takes no responsibility for his offenses and describes them as not serious and the fault of others instigating him. When asked about his relationship difficulties Mr. Rose does claim total responsibility for any problems. He states that he has been “too giving” and this has allowed his partners to make a fool out of him and to “get out of hand”. He stated that in the future he will be more careful about whom he dates. When asked about the future of any interactions with the victim he stated that he “would have to wait and see what she is up to”. Mr. Rose was not able to articulate whether he thought he would attempt to continue his relationship with the victim and stated, “My lawyer says I shouldn’t talk about that.”

Risk Assessment Instrument

One of the most frequent aspects of forensic mental health is answering the questions of risk, needs and responsivity of a forensic client. In the criminal justice field this is most often focused on whether a person will recidivate (commit another or a similar crime), whether they will respond to treatment and what type of treatment needs should be addressed. You have already read about and discussed risk assessment of clients and will be familiar with the term criminogenic needs which are important when determining risk to re-offend. Additionally offenders that have committed a sexual offense need to be assessed for specific characteristics associated with sexual offender recidivism.

Criminogenic needs:

Anti-social personality
Anti-social attitudes and values
Anti-social associates
Family dysfunction
Poor self control and poor problem solving skills
Substance abuse
Lack of employment/employment skills
Sex offender specific needs:

Hostility towards women
Deviant sexual interest
Sexual pre-occupation
Emotional identification with children
When reviewing the case please address the following risk domains:

Employment/Education
Substance abuse
Marital/Family relations
Associates and Social Interaction
Community Functioning
Personal/Emotional orientation
Attitude
Sex Offender Specific

EMPLOYMENT

Factors Considered: This domain deals with the role of work in the offender’s life. Needs indicators include employment history, if any; positive and negative aspects of work history (such as job performance, absenteeism, unstable work record, having been fired, inability to earn sufficient salary to live on, having difficulty with co-workers and/or superiors), educational deficiencies (including intelligence, learning disabilities), and vocational skills).

SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Factors Considered: This domain is concerned with an offender’s problems, if any, with alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and with any prior treatment programs. It includes details concerning the substance abuse, the extent to which alcohol or other drugs interfered with the offender’s pro-social experiences (such as marital/family relations, employment, and social situations), and information about prior substance abuse treatment programming.

MARITAL/FAMILY

Factors Considered: This domain is concerned with an offender’s family relationships. Needs indicators include relationships with parents and siblings, absence of parents, history of family abuse and/or criminality, marital history, dependants, parenting skills, and involvement in child abuse.

ASSOCIATES/SOCIAL INTERACTION

Factors Considered: This domain focuses on the characteristics and qualities of the offender’s interactions with others, particularly the offender’s peer group(s). Anti-social associates and interaction patterns are of special interest. Needs indicators include the extent to which the offender interacts with and is influenced by others with a pro-criminal lifestyle, gang membership, and interactions with others characterized by predation.

COMMUNITY FUNCTIONING

Factors Considered: This domain considers the offender’s capability for functioning adequately in the community. The domain covers a wide range of community living skills: stable, well-maintained place of residence, health, hygiene and nutrition, financial management skills, appropriate leisure time activities, and awareness of available social assistance programs.

PERSONAL/EMOTIONAL ORIENTATION

Factors Considered: This domain covers a multi-faceted and wide range of personal and emotional need factors that have been shown to be predictive of criminal and recidivistic behavior. This dimension includes needs that fall into three major categories:

Cognitive defects, which include problem-solving, inter-personal relationship skills, inability to understand the feelings of others, and narrow, rigid thinking.
Behavioral problems, including behaviors likely to result in negative consequences, such as impulsivity, risk-taking, aggression, anger, frustration tolerance and gambling.
Personal Characteristics, which may increase the likelihood that the offender will be involved in criminal behavior (e.g., personality dispositions, behavioral preferences [including inappropriate sexual attitudes or preferences], and mental status characteristics).
ATTITUDE

Factors Considered: This domain considers the characteristics and extent of the offender’s pro-social and anti-social attitudes. It is concerned with favorable attitudes toward crime and violence and minimization of the impacts of criminal behavior and disregard for convention, the justice system, and the rights of others.

SEX OFFENDER SPECIFIC

Factors Considered: This domain considers the characteristics and extent of the sex offender’s specific risk for recidivism. It is concerned with hostile attitudes towards women (regardless if the victim was a female or an adult), the extent of the offenders interest in deviant sexual practices (either admitted or known through criminal history), how much time the offender spends in sexual activity (engaging in sex, viewing porn, going to strip clubs, talking about sex with others), and the emotional identification with children which can be recognized in an offender’s dress, hobbies, interests, media preferences and ideas about childhood and children (this factor is not considered if the offender has no child [under 14] victims).

END

ASSIGNMENT 2: APPLIED WRITING

Word limit: 1250 words

Task: You will be given a newspaper article to read, and you will be required to answer economic questions based on this reading. Detailed information including the article can be found below.
You are expected to use graphs to explain your answer. It will be important to write within the words limit outlined for the assignment.

INSTRUCTIONS:

Read the following excerpts from the article “Glut to blame for farm-gate milk price falls not big supermarkets” by John Durie published in the Australian on June 28th 2012 and answer all the questions.

Glut to blame for farm-gate milk price falls, not big supermarkets

John Durie The Australian June 28, 2012 12:24PM

VICTORIAN dairy giant Murray Goulbourn has cut farm-gate milk prices by
8.5 per cent to $4.50 per kilogram which leaves farmers at break-even levels due to the glut of milk on world markets.

Milk prices have fallen by 20 per cent over the last year so the 8.5 per cent cut from Murray Goulburn is relatively good but that isn’t much comfort for struggling farmers.

http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/glut-to-blame-for-farm- gate-milk-price-falls-not-big-supermarkets/story-e6frg9io-1226411003410

Please answer the following questions using appropriate diagrams. Be sure to explain your answers thoroughly.

1. Assume that milk operates in a perfectly competitive market, use a well- labeled demand and supply model to explain how market equilibrium price of milk is being determined.
[6 marks]

2. Using the same model, explain and illustrate the impact of the glut of milk on the market. Clearly explain the equilibrating process.
[6 marks]

3. If you were the Minister for Agriculture in the Victorian Government, and
the Victorian Dairy Farmers Association asked you to support their members by imposing a legal minimum price, would you support or reject their
request. Use an economic model to explain why you reached your decision.
[7 marks]

4. With the aid of appropriate diagrams, what possible alternative programs could the government implement to increase the prices farmers receive in the market? How does your answer compare with question 3 above? Explain.
[6 marks]

Cross post for topic on the Impact of Recession on Access to Health Care and Chronic Disease Management

it should be substantive and are to intended to critique the content of the initial post for completeness and accuracy and add to the topic by discussing an additional point to the initial post. Crossposts should be approximately 500 words with liberal use of references.

article to be critiqued:

Impact of Recession on Access to Health Care and Chronic Disease Management
The recent recession has affected the employment status of many people nationwide, but what is less known, is the effect that the recession has had on access to healthcare, and chronic disease management. A recent survey has reported that 90 percent of family care providers have had patients verbalize concerns over the inability to pay for health care (AAFP, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the background, and significance of the recession on access to healthcare, and chronic disease management; identify and describe stakeholder’s vested interests; and discuss the recession’s impact on access to healthcare, and chronic disease management, in relation to health policy and health care issues.

The economic downturn has placed many individuals at increased financial risk when considering access to healthcare, and chronic disease management (O’Toole, Buckel, Rediban, DeOrsey, & Sullivan, 2012). Medical costs are associated with the second highest number of personal bankruptcies in the United States (O’Toole et al., 2012). High rates of unemployment, and loss of employer-based health insurance has decreased the access to healthcare, and has made chronic disease management difficult due to associated costs (O’Toole et al., 2012). There are public programs in place such as Medicaid to help fill in gaps where healthcare coverage is minimal, but these programs are limited, and one must meet certain criteria in order to be eligible (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2009). According to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2009), the recession has led some individuals to neglect basic care, and treatment of chronic conditions, as well as elective surgeries, and preventive screenings. There is a lack of data that exists to understand the cyclical changes when concerning insurance coverage, access to healthcare, and use of health services through the course of economic changes (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2009).

There are many stakeholders when considering access to healthcare, but the key stakeholders include patients, healthcare providers, government and insurance providers, and the general public (Blogger, 2010). Important factors to patients are quality, affordability, and access. Affordable coverage, and access to healthcare has been an ongoing challenge in the United States. Many citizens do not have health insurance, and cannot afford the quality care they need to stay healthy. These factors make the patients key stakeholders in improving access to healthcare (Blogger, 2010). Healthcare providers have a monetary stake when concerning access to healthcare. At this time, many providers are geared toward a high volume of services, in order to be paid adequately. With increased access to healthcare, the payout will shift from volume and intensity of services rendered, to accountability, and quality of services rendered (Brennan et al., 2009). An improved system should award value before volume, and quality before quantity, which make providers key stakeholders in improving access to healthcare (Brennan et al., 2009). Government and insurance providers are key stakeholders, because approximately 83 million of American’s have healthcare coverage from the government, and the rest of the insured population, from insurance companies. This makes them the two major payers of medical expenses, and thus key stakeholders (Blogger, 2010). The general public has a stake in improving access to healthcare, because healthcare initiatives concerning increased access to healthcare, health promotion, and disease prevention, are all aimed towards the general public (Blogger, 2010).

According to O’Toole et al (2012), almost two-thirds of the study participants had an annual income below the threshold for co-pay waivers, and the majority had at least one chronic disease (O’Toole et al., 2012). The majority of study participants had difficulty paying their utilities, affording food, and paying medical bills, as well as the economic condition contributing to increased stress. The economic downturn has made chronic disease management worse, and increased the rate of missed clinical appointments (O’Toole, et al., 2012). The results of this study suggest the need for a healthcare policy addressing the needs or at-risk people during economic struggles (O’Toole). Access for healthcare depends on affordable coverage such as health insurance, and government insurance such as medicaid (Justice Center, 2004). Reducing health care costs will help to ensure adequate access for people who have chronic diseases, and for those who cannot afford healthcare coverage. Improving access to healthcare will reduce morbidity and mortality associated with missed appointments, and interruptions in continuity of care and medications (Justice Center, 2004). Improving access to healthcare starts at the community and state levels (Kitzhaber, 2004). Some local communities have addressed this issue by creating non profit plans for low income workers, residence without insurance, or people with diagnosed chronic diseases (Kitzhaber, 2004). Some programs that have shown to be successful involve cost sharing between employees, employers, the community, and the government (Kitzhaber, 2004). Community health programs can increase access to healthcare by serving everyone without regard to ability to pay; serve in medically underserved areas; create services that are specific to individual healthcare and cultural needs; offer transportation services, home care services, comprehensive services, and extended hours; and operate through patient governing boards (National Association of Community Health Centers, 2009). Creating a policy that addresses the need for increased access to healthcare, will require the involvement of the state, government, patients, and providers, to provide a strong financing base (O’Toole, et al., 2012).

The recession has left many individuals and families without health insurance, and decreased their access to healthcare. Deficient access to healthcare decreases chronic disease management, which leads to increased hospitalizations, and increased costs. A policy that addresses access to healthcare is needed to improve morbidity and mortality rates associated poor chronic disease management. These policies require the involvement of each stakeholder, and will require a sound financial base. The current challenge of poor access to healthcare must be overcome in order to prevent a collapse of the nation’s healthcare system (National Association of Community Health Centers, 2009).

References
AAFP. (2009). National survey of family doctors shows recession takes startling toll on patients. Retrieved from
http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/media/releases/newsreleases-statements-2009/ nationalsurvey-familydoctors-recession.html

Brennan, N., Cafarella, N., Kocot, S. L., McKethan, A., Morrison, M., Nguyen, N., . . . Williams, R. D. (2009). Improving quality and value in the u. s. healthcare system. Retrieved from
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2009/08/21-bpc-qualityreport

Blogger, Johnny. (2010). Healthcare Policy Stakeholders. Retrieved from
http://emhhealthcarejobs.com/healthcare-policy-stakeholders/

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2009). Impact of the economy on healthcare. Retrieved from
http://www.academyhealth.org/files/HCFO/findings0809.pdf

National Association of Community Health Centers. (2009). Primary care access: An essential building block of health reform. Retrieved from
http://www.nachc.com/client/documents/pressreleases/PrimaryCareAccessRPT.pdf

Introduction

This section will introduce two particular companies: Apple and Nokia. Firstly, a brief history about each company will be given. After that, two financial statements from both companies of the year 2011 will be analysed by calculating different kinds of ratios. By doing this, the reason why Nokia has been very successful in the past but they are not so now while Apple, on the other hand, is a company that was close to bankruptcy fifteen years ago but are now market leaders in the mobile market will be identified.

The plan of the body of the project will be established; the project will consist of three chapters:
? The history of Apple and Nokia
? The financial history of Apple and Nokia
? The ratio analysis according to financial statement

Chapter 1: The history of Apple and Nokia

This section will introduce the background of Apple and Nokia and answer following questions.
? When did the company come about?
? Where did the company start?
? From these beginnings, where is the company? Is it bigger? How much? In what countries does it operate?

Chapter 2: The ratio analysis according to financial statement

This section will focus on the most recent financial statement of each company. Ratio analysis methods are used to compare the data and judge their performance. These includes:
? Completing an excel sheet with the company’s financial information for two companies.
? Calculating a number of ratios. Suitable kind and number of ratios will be chosen according to the information.
? The explanation of different ratios, including the formula and the outcome that the ratio indicates.
? A compare between the outcomes of each company

Conclusion

The conclusion will summarise the key points made in the body of the project and the history and the analysis performed will be reviewed. What does this history and analysis mean for the future of the company will be offered a final answer. The weakness performed in the ratios will be pointed out and possible suggestion will be given.

The essay should be typed (double spaced). Margins should allow sufficient space for marker to comment on the text. It should be properly footnoted at the bottom of each page. Do not use a bibliography.

Length: 2500 words (not including footnotes or bibliography). A range of 10% either side of 2500 words will be acceptable.

The essay must comply with the Australian Guide to Legal Citation.

Question 1.
“International arrest warrants are ineffectual because of the inability or disinclination of states to enforce them.”

Discuss (include a consideration of the rights, obligations and limitations on states to effectively execute them).

Social Justice & Planning

Programs that promote social justice exist throughout the public and private sectors. However, as we have seen in class, not all programs are effective and/or efficient. The purpose of this assignment is to find examples of programs that are widely considered successful, to research and understand what has made them successful, and then to synthesize the information in a way that we can learn from it.

ASSIGNMENT DESCRIPTION:

Each student will research one of the following programs for their case study.

 

SOCIAL JUSTICE CASE STUDY – ASSIGNMENT 3

 

Case study topic

Green Belt Movement (Wangari Maathai), Kenya

STEPS AND REQUIREMENTS:

• Find information about your assigned topic.
  • Find an official website or printed material(s) for your program.
  • If possible, locate secondary sources that evaluate the program and its success.

• Research your topic, addressing the following questions in your examination:
  • What was the motivation for starting the program? What social justice issue is it designed to address?
  • What are the goals and objectives of the program?
  • Who is the target audience/recipients?
  • What people and organizations have helped create and carry out the program?
  • What resources were required?
  • What specific methods were used?
  • What evidence exists to suggest that the program has been successful?
  • What best practices can be learned from the program?

 

• What are the pitfalls to be avoided?
• What lessons learned can you identify from your research?
• Any other questions you feel are important!
• Prepare a written report of your findings.
  • Your report should be no more than 6 pages written in complete sentences (i.e. do not use bulletted lists to answer the questions above). Please use normal margins (1 by 1), double line spacing, font Calibri, text size 11.
  • Include background information about the program and the motivation for creating it.
  • Describe how the program was started and carried out.
  • Synthesize your research to explain how and why the program has been successful (i.e. what 
can we learn from their successes?).
  • As per University policies, your paper must be your own work and you must give proper credit 
to your sources. Failure to do so is considered an act of plaigiarism.

 

Case study of public management:

The case is ‘Improving service outcomes and public value.’
The paper should be 1800 words and cover the following:
• Identification of a topic that is focused and appropriate for this assessment item
• Clear statement of intent and how this will be handled
• Evidence of relevant reading and research
• Effective use of a range of academic sources
• Evidence that the task has been effectively executed.
These will provide the basis for the assessment criteria, as well as the overall presentation.
It will be essential to use academic concepts and theory and to make effective use of a range of academic sources. Options need to be discussed with the lecturer at an earlier stage, and should take the form of a statement of intent.

I am very pleased to be writing this letter to you. Accordingly, I would like to inform you that I have now chosen the case study for my forthcoming assessment. The case selected will be entitled ‘Improving service outcomes and public value’.

In terms of the case that I have selected, first of all I intend to explain the overall outline to you. Subsequently, I will provide a written description of the case, providing details and context. Then, I will undertake analysis of any problems or issues for the particular case. Third, I will go on to provide some illustrative examples to support my point such as education or health in Saudi Arabia. Consequently, I will work up some potential solutions in light of reading the background theory for this case . Finally, I will deal with any arising issues which may affect my suggested solution, including any areas which may require further work.

This is the proposal for my topic which I hope you will agree is a suitable challenge for this assessment. I am looking forward to working on it once I have your feedback. Thank you for your time and please let me know if you would like any further information in respect of this proposal.

Thank you for your carefully thought through proposal. Presumably you have sources for the planned paper. It would be helpful if there are secondary sources on this question that comment on outcomes.

I have no other comments on the outline at this point, but would be pleased to respond at a later stage.
Important note: you should be to put the examples. please the examples to be for the Saudi Arabia.

A hot trend in communications technologies is unified communications. There are some very obvious benefits to cross-device communications. What is your experience with this? What would you like unified communications to enable you to do. Do you see any downside or risks to this technology?

its a business finance and economics module and it is a report type essay.