Should Mentally Ill People Be Executed?

Charles Singleton was convicted for murder in 1979 and was sentenced to death. While on death row, he developed a mental illness and was incapacitated for execution. He was forcibly put on antipsychotics in order to improve his condition and make him fit for execution. There are two arguments that arise; whether mentally ill people should be exempt from execution and whether medicine should be used to make people sane enough to execute. This paper will seek to prove the hypothesis as to whether mentally ill people should be forcibly placed on medication so that they can be better for execution.

Singleton had paranoid schizophrenia which subsided only when he was on medication. However, he refused to voluntarily take the medication meaning that he would never have been sane enough for execution. In normal patients, those who have not been convicted of any crimes, the law dictates that they can be placed on forcible medication so that they cease to be a danger unto themselves and unto others (Swedlow, 2003). It is also considered inhumane and criminal to deny mentally ill people the medication they require to improve their quality of life. The case of Singleton being forcibly medicated is not special. Many people with mental illnesses are forcibly medicated on a daily basis as a way of making them function normally so that they do not hurt themselves and others. It is my position that the court was justified in ordering that Singleton be placed on forcible medication so that he recovered from his condition for execution.

It is universally known that medicine is used to relieve certain conditions that compromise normal body functioning. In most cases, the use of medicine is temporal and the individual reverts back to the condition once the medication wears out (Dillard, 2012). The prescription of antipsychotics to Singleton was meant to be an end in itself. This is because failure of taking the medication meant that he reverted back to his condition. The court was right in having him forcibly medicated. There were only two options available. Either wait for him to voluntarily take his medication or make him take it. The outcome of either option was having him healthy and sane regardless of the reason. Inevitably, even if he voluntarily agreed to the medication, he was destined for execution as a way of justice being served on behalf of his victim. The court only did what was right for him regarding the condition that tormented him, for the judicial process where too many resources were being expended to keep his case and healthy going and to his victims whose wait for justice had been long.

On the contrary, it can be argued that the rights of the convict were compromised as his input into the matter of medication was not considered. In most cases, the jurisdiction of the court in ordering a person to be forcibly medicated is pegged on the danger he/she poses to himself and others (Parsons, 2003). This therefore is mainly reserved for those who are violent. In light of this and considering that Singleton was at no time considered violent, there was no basis, other than the desire to execute him, for forcing him onto medication. There is a school of though that argues that people should be medicated to heal and not to be executed. This argument is based on the ethics involved in medicating patients. The motive behind medicating Singleton was not the most noble and thus generated constructive criticism. The argument that the purpose of any person being treated for a condition was to make him/her better so that he/she can be executed is self defeating. There is no ethical explanation to saving a person’s life for the purpose of taking it.

Mentally ill people should be exempt from execution. There are three instances where the mental condition of an accused person should be considered: when committing the crime, during trial and sentencing and during execution. Singleton was deemed sane during the crime and during trial and sentencing. However, after being placed on death row, he deteriorated. He was deemed unfit for execution on the basis that he was convinced that his victim was still alive and that his cell was inhabited by demons. In Ford v. Wainwright, it is unconstitutional for an inmate on death row to be executed when he is not competent (Seeds, 2009). A person must be in a state where he/she understands the punishment meted on him/her and the underlying reasons for it. In this regard therefore, the court was right in staying Singleton’s execution until a time when he was deemed fit for execution. One may however argue that medicating him so that he understands the reason for the sentence only served his interest and not those of others involved. Considering all other factors, the fact that a person refuses to be voluntary medicated could be a delaying tactic so as to stay execution on grounds of being incompetent. To speed up the process and to save on resources, people who were sane when committing the crime should be forcibly medicated so that they regain sanity during the trial, sentencing and execution.

 

 

References

Dillard, A. (2012). Madness Alone Punishes the Madman: The Search for Moral Dignity in the Court’s Competency Doctrine as Applied in Capital Cases. 79 Tennessee Law Review 461

Parsons, D. (2003). Untreated Mental Illness Can Be Criminal. Los Angeles Times, November 3

Seeds, C. (2009). The Afterlife Of Ford And Panetti: Execution Competence And The Capacity To Assist Counsel. Saint Louis University Law Journal, Winter

Swedlow, K. (2003). Forced Medication of Legally Incompetent Prisoners: A Primer. Human Rights Magazine, Spring

 

Summary of Three Opinion Articles in the Sun

Gay-marriage setback in Supreme Court Should be Temporary

The cases of gay and same sex marriages are on the rise despite the fact that many States in the US challenge the constitutionality of such unions. According to Brewster, the Supreme Court in Utah overturned the previous ruling which supported gay unions (1).  The Utah case is likely to cause a temporary battle between gay right supporters under the human right activism and the non supporters with legal fraternity.  The practice has been controversially contested not only in the California preposition 8 but many States have also been involved in this thorny affair. The California’s Preposition 8 made a ban on the same sex marriage. Brewster believes that Utah’s case would have made gay supporters a sense of victory had it not been halted by the Judge (1). However, Utah’s case offers no prevention of the gay-marriage because the practice has been the norm in the State. This determent to the equal marriage right is argued to have been influenced by a constitutional amendment which was heavily supported by voters in 2004. Brewster asserts that the federal trial-court judges in Salt Lake City once overturned the ban with a legal argument of denial of equal protection and contravention of a due-process required (1).  In addition, the federal government support the legality of the gay right, the Utah ruling is thus in the spirit of the majority. However, the conservative church officials are leading in the appeal to overturn the ruling made by Judge Shelby. Those supporting gay rights have already predicted possible infringement on gay and lesbian rights if at all these homosexuals are denied the right to marriage. The supporters believe that gay right leads to discrimination and denial of traditional parental responsibilities.

In my opinion, the debate over the freedom of marriage as enshrined the federal laws has become a serious issue not only the United States of America but also in other nations that need a careful redress. This is because any kind of religious stance on marriage endorses only a mutual and consensual agreement between two persons of the opposite sex. It is ethically challenged that there would be no procreation with gay-marriages. Therefore, the bans on gay-marriages need to be upheld and protected by law in every nation.

Unchecked Government Power Leads to Dangerous Excess

The excess use of power by the government officials especially the security agents have the likelihood to result in dangerous unprecedented acts. For example, those who are able to remember the day satellite FBI security invaded and stolen every document in the Philadelphia media house. According to Bonsignore, the motive of the attack was not known until it some anonymous mails and reports exposed the bizarre (1). The shocking portraits of a government official carrying questionable scrutiny to its own people were reveled. They also intimidated persons with any attempt to criticize and discredited them. In addition, Bonsignore claims that the FBI agents dispatched unknown intelligence to Rev. Dr. Martin Luther Jr. to expose his extramarital engagements let he committed suicide (1). During that time, Dr. Martin led major protests championing for the advocacy against the black Americans discrimination. Investigations were finally conducted leading interventions by the government.  However, the excess use of power is apparently resurfacing despite efforts which have been made in the fight against over dominance by the government forces. According to the leaked documents by former NSA contract employee; Edward Snowden “the reforms need” further refurbishment (Bonsignore, 1). It is indicated that the then able director of FBI J. E. Hoover failed to arrest the Philadelphia burglars of 1971. It is thus apparent that a reoccurrence of an act resembling the burglary indicates the relapse to the dark days. Therefore, it important for the elected leaders to ensure the spirit of constitutionalism is respected and proper checks and balances are enacted. This would enhance transparency and accountability in the government thereby strengthening good governance.

Crime decline in Southern California Cities Challenges Old Assumptions

The acts of crimes of murder, suicide and unclear circumstances of deaths were reported during new celebrations. However, Vuong asserts that the rate of crime has remarkably reduced in the recent past amid headlines low safety in the California (1). The previously trouble prone zone of San Fernando Valley reported has reported minimal cases of homicides since 1960s. The Los Angels also had the lowest murder crimes between 2012 and 2013. According to Vuong, the change is owed to the stringent law-enforcement strategies by leaders (1). It thus contradicts the long-held assumptions connecting crime to poverty, immigration and incarceration. The attributions are attached to the advancement in crime data collections which involve the use of aerial monitoring. This enhances security in the Los Angels. Secondly, the adoption of community policing encourages the community to cooperate with the police in the fight against crime. Thirdly, the use of “anti-gang measures such injunctions” and new techniques including ceasefire, job creation and placements (Vuong, 1). The fourth attribute is the intense fight against drug and substance abuse by the Federal Narcotics section, seizure of firearms and reduction in the immigrant population. In my opinion, security is the ultimate guarantee of every individual’s well-being in any place and even in terms of economic growth and development. Therefore, it is highly commendable for California to enjoy the much needed security due to proper mechanisms put in place by the government officials in collaboration with communities.

Works Cited

Bonsignore, Vincent. (Ed). “Unchecked Government Power leads to Dangerous Excess”. The Sun 7^th Jan. 2014. Print.

Brewster, Louis. (Ed). “Gay-Marriage Setback in Supreme Court should be Temporary” The Sun 6^th Jan. 2014. Print.

Vuong, Zen. (Ed). “Crime Decline in Southern California Cities Challenges old Assumptions”. The Sun 3^rd Jan. 2014. Print.

 

Military History – War of 1812

The War of 1812 resulted from the conflicts between the Great Britain and the United States. According to Tucker, Arnold, Wiener, Pierpaoli, et al (2012), President James Madison requested a war declaration to prevent the Britain from capturing the US sailors and protect the American ships on the seas. Prior to the war, both France and the Great Britain who were fighting in Europe used to stop and search the US ships. However, some people referred to the War of 1812 as Mr. Madison’s while others perceived such war as a second independence war that presented an opportunity for the US to protect its honor and freedom in the face of European disregard (Tucker, et al, 2012). The war resulted into increased US patriotism, loss of land among Native Americans, increased confidence in the US military, and interruption of trade. Therefore, the paper outlines the causes and major outcomes of the War of 1812.

The war resulted from a number of issues. First and foremost, the Europe’s two powerful nations, Britain and France often found themselves in conflict since 1793 (Marsico, 2011). Such warfare affected the United States’ trade directly.  Marsico (2011) reported that the conflict between the Britain and France began during the French Revolution when England and other European nations attempted to unsuccessfully restore French monarchy. The conflict persistent as Britain led the efforts to prevent French from expanding under Napoleon I. Although the United States’ presidents from Madison to Washington tried to remain impartial during such conflicts, both Britain and France ignored the neutral countries’ rights by interfering with US shipments.

The US was particularly annoyed by the Britain impressments’ practices; capturing the US sailors and forcing them into Britain navy services. The British government asserted that it captured Crown’s subjects who sailed under the US flag to avoid wartime service in the Britain’s navy (Marsico, 2011). Indeed, the Britain government restrained not only the British’s deserters, but also frightened more than 6, 000 U.S citizens. As a result, the United States was annoyed and decided to intervene.

The US annoyance over Britain’s impressments increased after a clash between the British vessel, the Leopard and the U.S naval frigate Chesapeake. According to Heidler and Heidler’s (2002), in June 1807, Leopard approached the Chesapeake that was a few miles from the US coastline and demanded to search for British deserters on the ship. However, the Chesapeake commander, James Barron refused. Consequently, Leopard opened fire, killed several Americans, and wounded others thereby forcing Chesapeake to surrender (Heidler & Heidler, 2002). Additionally, the Great Britain sent a team abroad and pulled about four crewmen from the US vessel. After the June 1807 incident, Jefferson ordered all Britain’s warships to leave the U.S coastline and demanded the Britain to end their inhumane treatment to US seamen (Heidler & Heidler, 2002). However, Britain neither apologized nor compensated for the (Chesapeake-Leopard) incident, but continued to claim that they were justified to capture the US ships and search them for deserters.

Additionally, the president (Madison) wanted to stop Native Americans from creating alliances with Britain especially on the American frontier (Tucker, Arnold, Wiener, Pierpaoli, et al, 2012). However, the Americans in the South and West who wanted to increase the America’s territory by capturing both Florida and Canada influenced the president’s decision. According to Tucker, et al, (2012), the western members of the House of Representative wanted to expand the US’s territory into Canada. As such, the Congressmen including Henry Clay demanded war against Britain. Similarly, the US leaders wanted Britain to stop its aid to Native Americans and also demanded Britain forces to leave Canada. Most Americans believed that, Britain gave aid to entice the Native Americans to resist to frontier settlement.

Ideally the war ended after the Great Britain and the US representatives signed the Ghent Treaty on 24^th December, 1814 (Tucker, et al, 2012). However, the war had various outcomes. First and foremost, America’s Military heroism increased Americans patriotism. Tucker, et al, (2012) cites that, after the war, American men gained courage and did good things for the country. Similarly, the war led to the US renewed faith and confidence in its military to defend the country’s honor and freedom. Tucker, et al, (2012) argue that although neither the US nor the British clearly won the war, the Americans perceived the war of 1812 as a proof to their democratic experiment. That is, the war resulted to a period in American history where most US citizens felt united for a common agenda. In other words, the war convinced most Americans that they could then defeat any foreign threat and thus the country’s focus should be on its development and growth.

Moreover, the war of 1812 interrupted trade between the US and the Britain (Marsico, 2011). For instance, the war led to enactment of the Embargo Act which barred the American ships from sailing to British ports. However, after the war, the US manufacture increased. Marsico (2011) cites that, the war boosted the US manufactures due to demand for goods that resulted from trade interruption. Similarly, after the war, the US independence on imports declined. Consequently, the country was forced to manufacture most of the goods which it previously imported (Marsico, 2011). Nonetheless, this encouraged growth of the US manufacturing industry thereby making the country self sufficient.

Furthermore, the war of 1812 broke the Native American’s (who supported British) strength (Marsico, 2011). For instance, many Native Americans lost their land and certain races refused to join the Tecumseh’s confederacy that Native American formed to stop the growing numbers of settlers who were moving into their (Native American) territory. Marsico (2011) asserts that, the US forces completely weakened the Native American’s power by destroying Tecumseh’s confederacy including the Creek and the old Northwest Confederacy. Similarly, the US forces eliminated the Native America’s supply from Britain.

In conclusion, the war of 1812 resulted from the continued conflicts between France and the Great Britain which later affected the US shipping activities. Britain Navy began stopping and forcibly recruiting the US seamen into Britain’s navy service. The US responded by sending its troops and finally the war ended in December 24, 1814. The war resulted into increased US patriotism, increased confidence among U.S citizens, interrupted trade, and destabilization of Native America territory.

References

Heidler, D. S., & Heidler, J. T. (2002). The War of 1812. Westport (Connecticut: Greenwood Press.

Marsico, K. (2011). The War of 1812. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Co.

Tucker, S., Arnold, J. R., Wiener, R., Pierpaoli, P. G., & Fredriksen, J. C. (2012). The encyclopedia of the War of 1812: A political, social, and military history. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.

Tucker, S., Arnold, J. R., Wiener, R., Pierpaoli, P. G., & Fredriksen, J. C. (2012). The encyclopedia of the War of 1812: A political, social, and military history. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.

The concept of Humanism as applied in the Movie King Kong (1933)

Abstract

Producers attempt to present comprehensive educative themes while orienting the direction of a movie. The goal of any decent movie is to appreciate existing norms and traditions of a given age or time. To achieve this, producers will on category borrow diverse ideas; for instance, technology or cultural beliefs to explain the thematic concepts. This is the case with 1933 American adventure/monster film produced and directed by Ernest B. Schoedsack and Merian C. Cooper – King Kong. This paper will attempts to prove on the concept of humanism as applied on the movie King Kong, and how man is responsible for his own destiny (prosperity or calamity). To accomplish this, the paper is structured into four main parts. Firstly, the notion of sympathy is a critical analysis which will attempt to examine humanistic characters that the monster King Kong has. Secondly, the concept of otherness aggrandizes on the concept of humanism in trying to associate Kong’s character to humanity. Further to this, the third part will explore inherent characteristic that Kong exhibits, with intent to associate them to humanism. The fourth part will attempt to explain the contradictory perception on how humanity (technology and authority) is responsible for mankind achievements and failures.

 

The notion of Sympathy

It is prudent to bail out Kong’s attitude as sympathetic; this is an inherent feature that the viewership community will notice. Primarily, the movie plot is based on Kong’s bellicose derived protectiveness. Initially, Kong’s used to be fed with young girls as a sign of sacrifice, but for Anne’s case, it is different since Kong’s wants to be associated with the woman for reasons that are sexual based. The audience can identify Kong’s on the nature of humbleness when rethinking the concept of sympathy. In any event, it beats logic that a giant ape of Kong’s nature could be in passion with a woman. The learning point of this film is the extent that Kong has to go to ensure that Anne Darrow understands his feelings. Kong’s protective instincts are explained by his ruthlessness and intent to hurt man as a sign of protectionism. Falola, & Agwuele (56) argues that Kong’s intent to Anne is based on a complicated beast-human romance. Kong’s undress Anne with a finger and views Anne body romantic in what Falola and Agwuele argue as gigantic turned-on ape, his love for Anne is the primary cause factor for his sympathy.

The concept of otherness

The concept otherness endeavors to refer to something which is different what is being initially considered. In the preliminary minutes of the movie, one will tend to consider Kong a monster that is ruthless and belligerent to the entire human race, and only takes sacrificial compensation as a sense of honor. However, to achieve a different ending, the producer uses imagery to explain Kong’s ability to be belligerent yet his inner soul is controlled by humanism courtesy of compassion.  Richardson (75) argues that the producer uses high imaginary to be consumed on real concepts; this touches the viewership community to attain the very image of otherness. Primarily, the notion of a humble magnificent character, which in this case one that stood tall and strong, depicts the ambiguity in character formulation. The basis of the movie is the conflict between man and beast, based on the notion that the beast intentions could be on account be genuine. In any event, the beast feels marginalized because of its human-derived ape characteristics. However, according to the society by then, man had scheduled periodical sacrifices to Kong, making man part of the villain – this was tradition and can be bailed out as the same, opposite to the concept of otherness. This does not work for Kong uses human sacrifice as communication to man on the need of a habitual ape-man relationship. The satisfaction that the monster gets from Anne can be used to explain that Kong is not interested in the periodical sacrifices but a legitimized compassion from man.

Issues related to sexuality and reproduction

The film is derived on the notion of women having sex with gorilla a fictitious ideology that is primarily responsible of siring transgressed mammoth like King Kong. Although the film does not depicts physical sexual involvements, one will not fail to notice the inclusion of compassionate sexually derived feelings that Kong has towards humanity with Anne being the favorite candidate. Kong is belligerently protective to Anne like a king would protect a queen during critical times. This is derived from the idea of black masculinity and white beauty. Lewis (41) focuses on a stereotypical racist reflection of black male sexuality; with intent to prove that a black man as sexually aggressive. The monster present inherent black man features, a strong agile body with masculine elevations, which can be compared to a black man.

 

 

The concept of ambivalence toward science, technology, and authority

Yes, there is eminent contradiction between primarily concepts employed in the movie. Critical consideration is science, technology and authority. The goal question asked here is whether technology a negative concept to the society. Denham uses technology to explore risky environments. Also, Denham uses technology to reallocate the monster to Manhattan from deep jungles exposing New York residents to threats. On the other hand, the authority is expected to provide sufficient safety to people of a given jurisdiction. A viewer will have mixed feelings on the role of the technology in providing sufficient security to human. This borrows deep relation on how the movie depicts black man sexuality, one that is aggressive. The viewer is in a dilemma on whether the by then (1933) was technology applied to oppress the black man natural characters or culture. On the other hand, technology is primarily responsible for salvaging the people in the remote village who happened to be subject of King Kong aggressive attitudes and other vicious animals; for instance, Pteranodon and Tyrannosaurus rex. The ambiguity presented here, is whether technology is naturally right or naturally wrong. Also, authority carries similar attitudes. According to the movie, King Kong is chained in Manhattan ready for a show. In this event, the authority is primarily responsible for instituting policies; for instance, free market economy where anybody is at will to trade anything. Denham decides to trade King Kong for a show; therefore exposing New York residents to Kong’s brutality. On the other hand, the authorities are actively seen fighting Kong by use of destructive airplanes. These two instances create a great deal of contradiction.

 

 

Conclusion

This paper has been critical in analyzing the concept of humanism as applied in the 1933 movie King Kong. The paper has attempted to prove that man is often responsible for his calamity, with a critical explanation that Kong is just product of human attitudes towards each other. The paper has attempted to explain that humanism will one day challenge mankind belligerently.

 

Work Cited

Falola, Toyin, & Agwuele, Augustine. Africans and the Politics of Popular Culture.  Rochester:

Rochester University Press, 2009. Print.

Richardson, Micheal. Otherness in Hollywood Cinema. New York: Continuum, 2010. Print.

 Lewis, Natalie. Cooper’s KING KONG (1933): Black Masculinity between White Womanhood

and White Male Capitalist Structures. New York: GRIN Verlag, 2006. Print.

 

 

Summary of Lessons Learned from the Matt Harrington Article

 

Matt Harington’s case is considered as the saddest case in hardball negotiation history. The botched baseball negotiation, which was brokered by his super agent, saw Matt entering the annals of history as the player that was drafted five times and he never signed the contract. Mr Tanzer, who was Matt’s agent, turned off most of the top draft by asking for high signing bonuses. Bill, Matt’s father turned opted to hire an agent to take care of the negotiations between Matt and baseball teams that wanted to sign him up. Tanzer turned down many Rockies on behalf of his client. Finally, Matt lost all the offers and he was forced to join an independent baseball league for him to keep playing baseball.

Sadly, Matt was not the sole loser in the deal. His family was the hardest hit by the failed negotiations. The family became a laughing stock of the whole county and beyond. Matt was seen as being greedy and an idiot by his former funs and neighbours. Sue and Bill faced public humiliation and they were forced to seclude themselves in order to avoid confrontations. The negative vibe that the failed negotiations left behind forced the family to relocate to a different neighbourhood. However, the regrets of the missed opportunities still haunts bill to date (ESPN.com, 2014).

This case scenario is a cautionary tale, which brings to the fore critical decision-making errors that affect most negotiations. Some of the errors in this case include the viewing of the negotiation as a win-lose situation. Tanzer attempted to play hardball so that he could earn his client higher signing bonuses. He made his client to look at the offers made by the Rookies with suspicion. The second mistake lies in the fact that the Harrington based all their subsequent negotiations on the first offer. This was wrong because every Rookie comes with different demands and different offers. Third error was occasioned by the escalating commitment. Matt dwelt so much on the past and this saw him miss the subsequent four signings (ESPN.com, 2014).

There are several take away lessons that can be drawn from this cautionary tale. First, players should not place too much confidence on their agents. It is a grave mistake to entrust ones whole future to an agent, whose only drive is money. Second, negotiations should not be viewed as win-lose undertakings. Instead, the negotiating parties should seek for avenues by which more value can be created. Third, the client and his agent should not base their subsequent offers on the failed negotiations of the past. Instead, the negotiators should work on changing confrontation to cooperation.

William Ury shares some insight that can be applied to this scenario. He says that one needs to take a step back during a negotiation and look at the whole scenario from a different perspective. This would have helped Matt and his family to re-analyze the deal being offered by the Rookies. Second, the agents should have applied Ury’s insight on listening and respect. This would have allowed the client to mend any bad relationship that might have arisen from the initial negotiation. The Harrington family would also have applied Ury’s third tool by reframing that offer and in turn shift the negotiations from confrontation to cooperation. This would have helped the negotiators to focus on the underlying issues. Maybe by applying Ury’s tools, Matt’s case would have yielded a better result (UCTV, 2014).

 

References

ESPN.com. (2014). Otl: dream on a shelf. [online] Retrieved from: http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/eticket/story?page=090423/harrington [Accessed: 18 Jan 2014].

University of California Television (UCTV)·. (2014). William ury: negotiating for sustainable agreements.

Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1NHqPDzqoU [Accessed: 18 Jan 2014].

Managing Partnering Agreements

Nowadays, there are several ways of ensuring that organizations are better placed in the market. These ways are aimed at ensuring that competition in the industry is beaten. One of the things which some firms do so as to beat others in the game is entering into partnership agreements. These partnerships are known to give better value to the shareholders of the participating partners. This is because the partnership agreements end up giving the company’s better operational efficiency capable of increasing the level of revenue and profit through the increased level of competitive advantage in the market.

In the process of managing the partnership agreements, certain skills are required in all functions of the businesses. The human resource function of each of the participating companies should be able to participate fully. This is through the Human resource executives acquiring the necessary skills to maximize protections and preserve competitive advantages for organizations in partnering agreements that involve sharing of information, knowledge, or technology and maximize cooperation, which can lead to its own competitive advantages. One skill required to make the partnering agreements safe for the company’s is those concerned with employee development. The human resource executives should be able to develop the employees in a way which makes them withhold the confidential information. This is through the human resource executives instilling a good attitude to the employees that information relating to the companies is confidential and should not be diverted. With the HR executives succeeding in doing this, the partnering agreements will create competitive advantage to the companies. This will also go a long way in protecting the information related to each company.

Additionally, the executive people in human resource should be able to hire the right people to manage the projects. The human resource executive should be able to have proper hiring skills that help in picking the right people for specific assignments. This will be able to assist in having the right people who do not divert the confidential information regarding the partnering companies.

The human resource executives should also bear the much needed strategic human resource skills. Strategic human resource management is known to be very instrumental in the attainment of company’s objectives (Jones & Hill, 2009). This is because it puts everything in the right place with regard to the human capital of an organization. Therefore, with the right strategic human resource management skills, the partnering agreements will be handled in the best way possible so as to help in the achievement of the companies set goals.

According to Jones & Hill (2009), it is also important for the human resource executives to have the skill of understanding the business requirements in the partnering agreements. This would be through the possession of the required business knowledge. This is an important thing since it ensures that the human resource executives understand the human resource requirements in the partnering agreements. This will give them an opportunity to make the most appropriate plans to ensure that the required competitive advantage is acquired. The plans that the human resource executives would come up with must be able to put the companies in a better position regarding competition in the market. After having the business necessary partnering knowledge skills, the human resource executives would be able to come up with plans which are able to protect the companies from risks of getting into partnering agreements.

 

 

 

Reference

Jones, G.R. & Hill, C.W. (2009). Strategic Management Essentials. 2nd ed. Southwestern: Cengage Learning.

 

Article review

The article to be used in this review discusses about project stakeholders in relation to project management. The topic of the article is: “How project manager-project owner interaction can work within and influence project risk management” by Hans Petter Krane, Nils O. E. Olsson, and Asbjorn Rolstadas. This article aims at showing how different stakeholders in a particular project can work together for the success of the project without having personal interests in the project (Krane, Olsson, & Rolstadås, 2012). Project management is a very critical issue when it comes to the establishment and success of a project and therefore it must be handled carefully. In project management, all the stakeholders must work in harmony so as to achieve the objectives and goals of the particular project. This article also addresses the effects of conflicting interests among the stakeholders which can lead to the collapse of the entire project (Krane, Olsson, & Rolstadås, 2012).

The issue of poor management of stakeholders and conflicts between stakeholders affects mostly the project owner and the project management team and this negatively affects the activities of the project. The project management team is mostly concerned with the success of the project and it puts in place risk management strategies that ensure the success of the project. The project owner on the other side is concerned more with strategic success of the project. As a result of this, there could be management issues and conflicts that paralyze the activities of the project (Krane, Olsson, & Rolstadås, 2012). The negative effects of conflicting interests between the stakeholders of a project are justified by a study that was carried out in seven large projects. In this study, the project risk management by the project management team and the project owners was examined. This study showed that operational risks ware prioritized in the management. Giving priority to particular risks in the process of risk management is one issue that can lead to conflicts in a project (Krane, Olsson, & Rolstadås, 2012).  This is because different stakeholders in a project have different views on which risk areas need to be prioritized and these stakeholders are driven by different motivations and interests. In the long run, everyone working for the project is affected and this in turn affects the entire project (Kerzner, 2013). This is because the project management team is concerned with controlling the activities of the project while the project owner has authority over the project and he is responsible for financing the project. This article pits emphasis on the relationship between the project owners and the project management teams and how they should differentiate and prioritize between strategic and operational risks. Some of the challenges that face project stakeholders in project management include having different perspectives on the project, interaction between stakeholders, and unclear roles and responsibilities in the project (Kerzner, 2013).

This article is well written because it presents the topic clearly and also uses research to support the ideas in the article. This article tackles both the problem that faces project stakeholders and the solution to the problem (Kerzner, 2013).  This is done by looking at the results of the study findings and giving possible solutions to the identified problems. This article also looks at the challenges or factors that contribute to this problem and it also gives a guide on how the stakeholders can interact successfully and ensure the success of a project. This research is helpful in project management since it can guide on how both the project owner and the management team can coexist and ensure success of the project (Kerzner, 2013).

 References

Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and       controlling. Wiley.

Krane, H. P., Olsson, N. O., & Rolstadås, A. (2012). How Project Manager–Project Owner Interaction Can Work Within and Influence Project Risk Management. Project Management Journal, 43(2), 54-67.

 Option C. Outsourcing Selected areas of the HR Functions.

Introduction

Outsourcing is the current trend in most management and operation activities of most companies. This is due to its flexibility, convenience and the indirect cost savings associated with it. Outsourcing refers to delegation of non-core processes or functions to other companies, organizations or other external specialists in their area of service while refers to a situation where an organization or a company decides to develop or to utilize some of the functions within its own departments to perform certain specialize tasks.

In large organizations, the HR executive decisions are mostly influenced by the high labor intensive sections which are systematically outsourced to smaller and easily manageable companies whose management is not very complex but their services are reliable. These services or production functions are mostly allocated to regions where their economic benefits can be maximized. Most of the workers are normally untrained and they do not possess other skills that may be utilized in other companies and there are in most cases trained in accordance to the requirements and needs of the company. (Bardhan and Kroll, 2003)The major organizational functions like the top decision making departments are rarely outsourced.

Competencies refer to a set of human behaviors, abilities, knowledge and skills that can have a direct impact on the success of the company positively considering the roles played by the employees of the respective company. When the competencies are carefully observed and their results analyzed and implemented, the efficiency of the employees can be enhanced. The success of the human resource department depends on competent decision making capability of the HR manager.

The technical, functional and operational expertise needed determines the nature of the company that can provide the resources required. Technical and complex operations will require more competent subcontractors for the specialized work. When outsourcing critical sections or departments in a company, the job specification and the ability of the outsourced company to achieve the desired results are part of the competencies

The major benefit of outsourcing besides cost savings and convenience, are to gain the best practices, access improved quality, allow the company to concentrate on the core business and also make use of the best technology. The motive and the drivers of the HR outsourcing should be clearly identified and defined. (Woodall, Scott-Jackson, Newham, and Gurney, 2009) The competencies form the foundation of the motives and drives for outsourcing decisions. (Balakrishnan, Mohan and Seshadri, 2008)

Companies that experience rapid changes in the labor or other resources in the market may outsource the major functions which are highly affected by such changes to avoid interruptions in its production processes. (Miller, 1987) Companies that adopt proactive strategies to deal with unpredictable situations may opt to rely highly on outsourced functions of other specialized smaller companies.

Outsourcing in the home market has major advantage of convenience in operations supervision and monitoring activities, access to specialized staff and government subsidies to induce job creation and expansion in form of tax waivers and other fiscal measures. The major disadvantage is mostly the high costs of labor in the home countries and lack of the raw materials required in the production processes.

The major problems related to outsourcing in foreign countries are the fears that the company’s proprietary skills may be pirated by other competitors or replicated by other unauthorized persons. The benefits may include, reduced capital needs and production risks, low wages and the available ability to focus mainly on the core competencies of firm.

The analytical skills espoused by the HR manager stems from the competencies and management skills and experience that are related to the responsibility. When the management settles for the

the protection of the symbiotic relationship that develops as a result of the partial outsourcing of the HR functions and outsourcing some sections. Organizational flexibility is also attained by the subcontractors.

The major weaknesses of the competencies regarding the outsourcing of non-core departments cannot affect the performance of the company involved in many regards but to outsource major functions of the production department to some countries like china will require more than the competencies can offer. The protection of the intellectual property rights must be guaranteed before the company outsources its critical sections. Like in the shoe industry, Nike utilizes the services of the subcontractors in all its manufacturing plants across the world. They have a major presence in China, Indonesia and in Vietnam. Other factories are in South Korea, Taiwan and Philippines. (Van, 1998)

Companies are normally reluctant to make huge investment in foreign countries that have no assurance on the protection of their intellectual property rights, assets or financial investment. When a country or company are not able to copy or imitate foreign items, products or services or technologies then the natural business interest of those foreign firms are most unlikely to be threatened in any way hence the intellectual property rights protection would not be necessary. China has a very strong capacity to copy and imitate most products and services from foreign countries. The partial outsourcing and the retainment of critical functions of the management are reviewed by the HR who advices the top management effectively.

To conclude, Outsourcing these services may eventually be economical and convenient for an organization. The main company does not have to grapple with the problems of staff welfare, employee absenteeism, strikes or unions. These problems are handled by the subcontracted companies. The major challenges facing these companies are the issues of human rights and the workers working conditions. However, outsourcing practices or trends will certainly increase in most industries in future. Currently, it would be wise for most Companies including the companies managed by Lynne and Illa, to outsource noncore production functions and retain the critical sections. These are the only options available to the two apparently.

 

 Reference

Bardhan, A.D. and Kroll, C. (2003) “The New Wave of Outsourcing”). Fisher Center for Real Estate & Urban Economics. Fisher Center Research Reports.

Miller, P. (1987) Strategic Industrial relations and Human resources Management: Distinction, Definition and Recognition. Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 347-61

Woodall, J., Scott-Jackson, W., Newham, T. and Gurney, M. (2009), “Making the decision to

Outsource human resources”, Personnel Review, Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 236-52.

Van, D. (1998) Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear industry, UNC – Chapel Hill.

Balakrishnan, K., Mohan, U. Seshadri, S. (2008) Outsourcing of front-end business processes; quality, information, and customer contact, Journal of Operations Management, Vol.26 No. 2 pp 288-302.

 

An Effective Project Manager

Project management involves the process of managing resources, both human and non-human, with the objective of achieving a group of preset goals. Project management entails planning, organizing and coordinating the activities that would lead to the successful achievement of the given objectives (Burford, 2012). Project management differs with other forms of management in that projects are usually temporary endeavors. By nature, project goals have to be accomplished within a specific time frame and with a given resource allocation. It is thus essential that a project manager possesses interpersonal, organizational and administrative skills in addition to technical competence in order to effectively achieve the preset project goals.

Planning is the foremost step in project management. It takes a good plan in order to successfully achieve a given set of goals. Planning normally can be divided into three phase. Proper definition of the outcome, definition of the activities necessary to achieve the outcome together with the preparation of an elaborate work plan are of great importance in the planning phase of a given project. When defining an outcome, a project manager and his/her team should focus on the expectations or needs of the given project. These expectations should be well documented in the project charter/scope document and must be in accordance to a client or customer’s demands. The statement of the outcomes forms the project goals and is in itself a contract of what the project team is promising to deliver. The second step in planning involves the definition of all the activities that would lead to the pre stated outcome.  The project charter/ scope document is used to determine these activities (Burford, 2012). Project planning tools such as Microsoft project can be used but with caution since they require a substantial amount of skills in order to successfully use. Usually the activities are arranged in a logical sequence and flow charts can be employed with the respective notes.  The scope of each activity, its budget and the time it takes should be noted (Burford, 2012). The third step of planning is coming up with an elaborate work plan. This usually involves allocating resource both human and non-human to the tasks to optimize performance. The work plan should be in the form of stepwise instructions for the project activities including managing these activities. In case a similar project has been done in the past, its work plan can be used for comparison purposes. Work-breakdown structures and network diagrams are essential in coming up with work plans. Plans are not perfect and hence changes can be made to them when the need arises.  For effective planning, it is important to make estimates of initial cost, time span and the initial effort required.

Coming up with management procedures is an important part of project management.  This includes management of issues such as risks, quality, change of scope and communication. The project should be managed in a manner that the project team and the shareholders understand how the project will be managed. If pre-established procedures exist for the organization, they should be used.

On commencement of the project activities, management of the various tasks is of prime essence in order to achieve the project goals. Managing the respective tasks involves a number of activities. The work plan should be reviewed regularly to show progress. Scheduling of the work plan review is dependent on the size and nature of the project in terms of complexity. Progress markers should be used to show the work already covered and that which is yet to be accomplished for the various tasks. If need arises, the work plan should be updated to reflect the progress of the various tasks. Rescheduling of delayed tasks that ought to have been completed should be done and in turn the work plan should be adjusted accordingly. Whenever the work plan is updated, the cost, time and effort required are reviewed. If the change is bound to alter the original time estimates, measures should be taken to take the project back on track (Burford, 2012). These measures could include amongst others, increasing the effort required. One way of increasing the effort required is by increasing the number of working hours. The project should be monitored in terms of the cost. The initial projected cost for each task should be compared to the actual cost that the project is consuming. Regular analysis and review of cost helps in keeping the project within the bounds of the allocated budget.

When managing a project it is essential to look for signs that show that the project is not progressing as planned. These warning signs include variations between the actual cost and the projected cost. This type of variation should be immediately corrected lest the project cost exceeds the allocated budget. Rime spent on activities should be checked and made to conform to the times allocated in the work plan. Failure to stick to time allocations could lead to the project falling behind schedule or even failing to beat the time deadline which could prove very costly. Quality should be checked on a regular basis as the tasks progress. If quality standards are not adhered to as the project progresses, it is almost assured that the project would turn out as a failure. It is also of utmost importance to check the condition of the human resource. A fully motivated workforce is more efficient than a workforce that is not motivated. Cases of sabotage are usually common with workforces that are not motivated.

It is important as a project manager to guard against changes in the scope of a project. Changes in scope should never be done without the approval of the sponsor: the person funding the project. Scope creep, scope changes that are introduced into the project without normal procedures and approval from the sponsor, should be avoided at all cost. A good project manager should mobilize his/her team to guard against scope creep because the various small changes in scope could accumulate and have an impact on the project.

A good project manager and his/ her team should be able to identify possible risks to the project and their respective impacts on the project. Measures should be put in place for the management of those risks so that chances of their occurrence are minimal. Potential risks should be accessed and managed throughout the project. In case a problem results from a risk, it should be corrected as fast as possible and measures taken in order to return the project on track.

A research conducted by XL Group showed that thirty four percent of failed projects resulted from projects having incompetent project managers (XL Group Insurance, 2013). It is thus important for a project manager to have a good blend of interpersonal, administrative and organizational skills. These skills are paramount in the process of managing a project. A good project manager should possess good communication skills. During the course of a project, there is usually constant communication between the project manager and various teams working on different tasks. In addition to the project teams, the project manager should be in constant communication with the client. This calls for the project manager to possess excellent verbal and writing skills. A project manager should be a person who can oversee various interrelated tasks. The project manager should have the aptitude to control, supervise and coordinate the various different tasks in order to achieve the preset goals. A project manager should understand the processes of the project. This is important when scheduling tasks and when reviewing the work plan in terms of time and cost. A good project manager should have a vision. This vision should be laid down to the team and properly communicated to them in order to create awareness on the roles necessary to achieve the vision. A good project manager should be able to anticipate problems and put measures in place to avoid the problems. Leading by example is an important part of project management. The success of a project is usually dependent on the various teams. It is hence important for the project manager to be able to form committed teams for the project.

When I worked in the project team of Global Construction Company Ltd, a Spain based company; there were several occurrences that highlighted the importance of good project management when the company was tasked with building the Mercy Tower building in Madrid. In one instance, the coast review revealed that more material than allocated had been used to construct the first stage of the foundation. An analysis showed that the concrete to cement mixture was incorrect. The fault in mixture ratio was then corrected immediately. Assuming the problem was not identified in good time, the project cost might have exceeded the allocated funds. In addition, the buildings structure might have failed quality test which could have proved very costly.

In another instance, it was apparent that the project management team had not adequately planned for the strong winds and rain that are occasionally experienced in the month of November in Madrid. The heavy rains halted construction for five days as construction workers had to wait for the windy and rainy conditions to cease. To take the project back on track, twenty four hour construction had to be put in place after the rains. In a final incidence, construction workers once put down their tools in protest of delayed wages. This halted construction for a day until the issue of wages was sorted out. After the construction workers strike, it took a motivational speech by the project manager to return the workers’ morale and up to speed with their respective tasks.

It is important for a project manager to meet and even exceed the customer’s/ client’s need.  This is because the successful accomplishment of the project and the corresponding level of satisfaction of the client are the factors that are generally used to rate the performance of the project manager and his team.

References

Burford laura. Effective Project Management: Three Critical Activities. (2014, January 18). Retrieved from http://www.nten.org/articles/2013/effective-project-management-three-critical-activities

XL Group Insurance. What Makes an Effective Project Manager? (2014, January 18). Retrieved from http://www.xldp.com/xldp/library/8178_effective_project_management.pdf

Anti-Semitism in Existence Today

Abstract

The basic human; for instance, Paul List is at threat because of an ever prevailing religious war courtesy of Anti-Semitism. Paul List happens to be a professional Chess player, who was judged racially in Germany because of his professionalism in the game. The Judgment was partially because of his Jewish backyard. This essay will be instrumental in analyzing Paul List similar occurrences, where innocent Jewish were religiously and racially judged. The essay will attempt to prove that the German backed holocaust Anti-Semitic judging, and is largely based on geopolitical reasons and not the actual presumed religious propaganda. The paper is structured into two main parts. The background and Nature part will attempt to present the topic of Anti-Semitism and how research will attempt to relate Anti-Semitism to ethnic cleansing and genocide. To achieve this, the paper will analyze the relative material related to the anti-Semitism. The second section will provide a critical presentation of modern day anti-Semitism. This section will also be integral in identifying the position of this paper in relation to Anti-Semitism.

Background

Previous research has attempted to examine the interrelation between genocide, ethnic cleansing, and anti-Semitism in the political arena. The closest example to define the three is the hostility, prejudice which leads to premeditated destruction of ethnic, national group, racial or religious group (Funk, 2010). Hostilities can be grounded on culture as folklore, ideology, imagers and ideology leading to discrimination based on economical, legal, political, religious or social factors. As a result, the butt community is attacked vehemently by the aggressing community with intent to torture, enslave, or exterminate completely. This belligerence can be grounded on natural factors and of recent, research has attempted to affiliate these activities to geopolitical factors. Cashmore (2013, p. 138) argues that relating to the Croats, Serbs and Yugoslavia that by 1990, the three governments were attempting to implement policies which promoted ethnic homogeneity.  Serbs in particular were influential in forcing millions of to Muslims leave designated areas through use of terror, rape and massacre cohesiveness. Ethnic based homogeneity policies have been implemented in many countries, with USSR and World War II being close examples. Also, in other continents; for instance Africa and Asia, ethnic cleansing and genocide policies have taken full brutality. Close examples are Cambodia state sponsored Genocide 1975-1979, and Rwanda 1990-1994 (Cashmore, 2013). Also, there has been close study how ethnic cleansing is primarily responsible in engineering civil wars, secessions and failed states. This is the case in Palestine war, Ethiopia-Eritrea, Nigeria Biafra region and Eastern Europe failed Turkish Empire. The commencing discussion will slowly examine on the forms, the statutory effort to manage ethnic based conflicts, and give an advice for future political crises (Cashmore, 2013)..

Nature

The prevailing question instigating ethnic based political tensions is the involvement of geopolitical factors on several accounts. The differences are based on prejudices prevailing on a particular jurisdiction one which is rooted in diverse political differences. In any case, sequential events graduate to full time ethnic based violence. This is a relevant since for a full scale ethnic based violence to occur; there are several stages of incubations occurring. Members of the dominant society will attempt to influence the minor community depending on affection to that particular culture.  In the Jewish state of affairs, violence was based on class antagonism, and racial inferiors. However, real violence was based on Culture anti-Semitism, Economic anti-Semitism, racial anti-Semitism and religious anti-Semitism. Conspiracy theories are primarily responsible in developing a much belligerent political anti-Semitism.  Aschheim (1994, p. 328) exemplifies Adolf Hitler case decisively. Hitler propaganda was based on depicting anti-Semitism as part of the larger Jewish trick in his words “whether it is the old-testament or the new-testament, or simple Jesus citations, its all the same Jewish swindle (Aschheim, 1994, p. 328). In Hitler case, it is coherent to concur that Hitler was a political leader and not a clergy man, however, to scheme sufficient political support, Hitler demagogy was instrumental in developing a religious based anti-Semitism response. However, it is essential to note that the real Nazi was based on its economic dominion of Jewish minority in central Europe white collar jobs.

Similarities, Differences and Interrelations

The above description has attempted to present vivid information regarding Anti-Semitism, Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide. While it is common knowledge that belligerence instigated by the dominant community against the inconsequential community forms the basis of the above three instances, it is prudent to appreciate the diverse existence of the three. Primarily, Genocide is the total extermination directed by the dominant community against the minor community. Ethnic Cleansing is mild murder and other forms brutality directed by the dominant community against members of the minor community with intent to coerce the minor community to leave the conflict zone. In genocide, exterminating belligerence is directed continuously even when the minor community is totally exhausted (United Nation Organization, 1992). Whereas Anti-Semitism are the real ideas behind the development of a given ethnic course, especially those directed against Semitic speaking communities. Anti-Semitism can be argued as contemporary pseudoscientific racial theory, or rather an ethnic based phenomenon. These theories are grounded on the presumed assimilation into Hellenistic culture affiliated to the Roman Empire (Buren, 1993). In borrowing examples to the Hitler-Jewish case, Anti-Semitism was applied to rally the European against the Jewish. This rallies graduated to more concentrated Ethnic Cleansing by developing concentration camps; for instance, Subibor. Ethnic cleansing grounded the development of a full-scale Genocide, which was primarily responsible for the death of 6 million Jewish and what Nazi constantly refereed to Final Solution (Schabas, 2000, p. 200).

Anti-Semitism in existence Today

Rifkin (2013) argues that open anti-Semitism has taken a complete center stage in western countries. In this article, Rifkin asserts how high profile global leaders have been involved in anti-Semitic talks through media websites and conferences. The reallocation of the Jews in a contentious land, and the persistent conflict zone, Gaza strip have grounded a Muslim based religious war. With Palestine Hamas being the persistent state claiming that Israel is illegally conducting militant business in Gaza strip. Israel is legally recognized by international law as the legally administrative body empowered to conduct Gaza affairs; for instance, Israel provides basic utilities, water, electricity and infrastructure (ABC Australia, 2007). On the other hand, Fatah government of West Bank is legally recognized as the administrative power of State of Palestine, and as a result, it attempts to recognize Gaza strip as part of State of Palestine. The conflict have on several accounts lead to the full scale inter- territorial war, with Israel claiming it was cleansing Gaza strip from rebels. This has grounded Anti-Semitic arguments, claiming the Muslim backed Jihadist militia of State of Palestine is rounding-off militant activities causing fatal conflicts. For instance, Rifkin (2013) argues the US involvement through US foreign policies is primarily responsible in the development of crude Anti-Semitic attitude. Affiliate nations are secretly arming militant activities depending on their interests. Inversely, the Muslim have been instrumental in their involvement in Anti-Semitic activities; for instance, utterances by former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad’s that Jews rule this world by Proxy (Rifkin, 2013) can be argued out as anti-Semitic incitation to the larger Muslim community all over the world.

Similarly, there have been claims of the emergence of European backed anti-Semitic influence. In France, Italy and Germany Jews schools and other facilities have been burned. In a video done by (Goldberg, 2007) it is eminent that modern anti-Semitism principles still exist.  Israeli (2011, p. 65) lists a variety of incidences that justifies the existing of modern anti-Semitism. In the extract, Brazil rioters threatened to kill policemen who stood on guard near synagogue. In Greece an immense demonstration was held in a dying Jewish community center. In Florence and Venice threats were made on phone against Jewish. In Malmo Sweden, a Jewish cemetery was desecrated in one night.

International law

20^th Century political events will largely be considered as the worst form of human-to-human brutality. In that particular century, geo-political ethnicity was chiefly responsible for genocides, secessions and civil wars.  In response, the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) grounded the development of humanitarian protocols of peace resolution. This was a result of robust harmonization of the law of human rights within member states. While most western European countries actively got involved in the engineering of the ECHR (Boczek, 2005, p. 159), most Eastern Europe countries were not admitted until after the end of civil war. As a result, the ECR has been instrumental in developing the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICC is as a result of the much developed Roman Statute and the court commenced business on 1^st July 2002. The court is based in The Hague Netherlands and has 122 strong member states. In particular, Article 5 to Article 8 mandates the court to tackle cases related to anti-Semitism, ethnic cleansing and genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and crime of aggression.

Opinion

Based on presentation in the above extract, it is prudent to acknowledge that Anti-Semitism initially exercised heavily by the NAZI regime is an illegal activity. Anti-Semitism is primarily responsible for the development of racial based ethnic cleansing and finally full scale genocide. In any event, Anti-Semitism should be condemned heavily because of its chief role in creating world divisions. The Jewish case presents a much advanced association of Anti-Semitism; however, in my opinion it is lucid to judge Jews on personal character, rather than their affiliation to a particular religious or culture. In case of traces of Anti-Semitic policies, the ICC should act to apprehend the action of the executers by use of the relevant laws and power of article 5 to article 8. The underlying reason is judging a people or race by their religious beliefs is a significant cause of war. War leads to human suffering and underdevelopment, loss of economic welfare.

Conclusion

This document has attempted to present a critical analysis on the negative consequence of Anti-Semitism. The document has heavily interrelated the Anti-Semitic believes to the evolution of ethnic cleansing and genocide. The discussion has borrowed the Jewish case, as a close example where Anti-Semitic hatred has been practiced both in the archaic world and the modern world. In encapsulation, the paper has provided an opinion why Anti-Semitic executes are primarily illegal because of the barbaric contribution to war.

 

References

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