Author: chris

 Syllogisms in Ordinary

Translate the syllogism into standard form and test their validity

2. Some metals are rare and costly substances, but no welder’s materials are rare and costly substances. The above argument can be translated into ordinary standard form.

The argument contains three terms that need to be translated. The answer simply is welder’s materials are not rare and costly except some metals. The conclusion is in the positive form unlike the negative premise hence it is not valid.

3. Some Asian nations were nonbelligerent, because all belligerents were allies of either Germany or Britain and some Asian nations were not allies of either Germany or Britain.

The argument translated into standard form would read. All belligerents were allies of either Germany or Britain except some Asian nations. The conclusion some Asian nations were nonbelligerent is in the negative state just as the negative premise. Hence, it has not broken the rule of syllogism. The syllogism argument is valid.

4. Some nondrinkers are athletes, because no drinkers are persons in perfect physical condition and some people in perfect physical condition are not non-athletes.

The standard form of the argument when translated would appear as all athletes are non-drinkers but some non-drinkers are not athletes. The conclusion some non-drinkers are athletes is in the negative form and one of the premises is in the negative form. Hence, the syllogism is valid. One of the rules of validity states that the negative premises if present should bear a negative conclusion.

Translate the propositions into standard form

2. She never drives her car at work.

The standard-form translation is all times she goes to work are times she does not drive her car. In the above situation the parameter is not temporal.

3. He walks where he chooses.

The standard form translation of the proposition will be written as most places where he walks are the places he chooses. The parameters used are not temporal instead; use of words like “places” is introduced.

4. He always orders the most expensive item on the menu.

The standard translation of the proposition would read as all the times he makes an order from the menu are the times he orders the most expensive item. The word “times”, which appears on both the subject and the predicament, is termed as a parameter.

Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, standard form and order of enthymeme.

2. Abraham Beame….campaigned for mayor- as has been mentioned in recent weeks more often and with more irony than he might have wished- on the slogan “If you do not know the buck, you don’t know the job and Abe know the work.” – The New Yorker, 26 August 1974

The conclusion is supposed to read: “Abraham Beame who is campaigning over mayor has been mentioned over his slogan.” The standard form translation is “Abraham Beame campaigning for mayor” has been mentioned with more irony. On the slogan “if you don’t know the buck, you don’t know the job and Abe knows.” The argument is a categorical syllogism of AAA belonging to the third order.

3. Although these textbooks purport to be a universal guide to learning a great worth and importance –there is a single clue that points to another direction. In the six years, I taught in the city and country schools, no one ever stole a textbook. – W. Ron Jones, Changing Education. Winter 1974

The conclusion is missing; however, it should read, “though books are universal guide, I have never seen anyone steal a book.” The standard translation should read. Although these textbooks purport to be a universal guide to learning a great worth and importance- there is a single clue that points to another direction. “In the six years, I taught in the city and country schools, no one ever stole a book.” Though books are a universal guide, I have never seen anyone steal a book. The syllogism is EIO, belongs to the third order, and is valid.

4. As a matter of fact, man like woman is flesh therefore passive, the plaything of his hormones and of the species, the restless play of his desires. – Simone De Beauvior, The Second Sex, 1949

The major premise is missing and should read, “The woman is passive.” The standard form is the woman is passive, the plaything of his hormones and of the species, the restless play of his desires. In fact, man like woman is flesh therefore passive. The syllogism is AAA belongs to the first order and is valid because the premises are all positive.

Identify the form and discuss the validity or invalidity of each argument (page 302)

2. Men, it is assumed, act in economic matters only in response to pecuniary compensation of force. Force in the modern society is largely, although by no means completely, obsolete. Only peculiar compensation remains of importance.

This is pure disjunctive syllogism and is invalid. The syllogism is invalid because it contains a negative premise and a positive conclusion.

3. If each man had a definite set of rules of conduct by which he regulated his life, he would be no better than a machine. However, there are no such rules, so men cannot be machines.

This is a pure hypothetical syllogism. The syllogism is valid for it has positive premises and positive conclusion.

4. If the second native told the truth, then the first native denied being a politician. If the third native told the truth, then the first native denied being a politician. Therefore, if the second native told the truth, then the third native told the truth.

The syllogism is pure hypothetical since it contains conditional propositions only. The syllogism is valid because both the premises are true and the conclusion is positive.

 

Abelard and Heloise

Question One

Classical Philosophy

Classical thought within the philosophical discipline bears three distinct perspectives, based on the virtue of happiness, as accorded to early thinkers within the subject. The earliest perspective termed as the hedonistic view was formulated by Aristippe and it is founded on the Greek principles with regard to reality. Aristippe held the view that a thin line divided what could be termed as real and illusory with the element of pleasure being the determinant factor between the two states. Happiness according to this perspective is therefore determined by lack or the presence of pain. The initial part of the Abelard and Heloise’s affair is filled with joyous activities as both arrange the study time to fit their dating period. The letters and clandestine dialogues reveal their pleasure in being with each other. However, sadness sets in with Uncle Fulbert’s intervention in the situation that leads to the parting of the lovers.

Abelard resorts to live in a monastery separated from his love and the Heloise’s refusal to his marriage proposal is haunted by the episode to a point that he accords it to God’s punishment for his erroneous lifestyle. Heloise’s letter to Abelard bears a somber note with a heavy heart as evidenced by her claim that “my tears, which I could not refrain, have blotted half your letter” (Abelard and Heloise 23). Both aspects shape their relationship especially with the inclusion of the separation as each realizes that each partner defines the happiness of the other partner, acting as the impetus for their marriage. The second philosophical approach is attributed to Epicurus whose assertions held that life is founded solely on the need to achieve true delight; the state is encompassed by balance and austere principles in one’s life. Within the first letter that Abelard forwards to Philintus, he confesses on his initial form of pleasure was sourced in personal achievements like academic advancements and teaching practices, yet the vanity attached to these elements was evident as his desire to conquer increased gradually.

Upon his meeting with Heloise, Abelard’s acquires the perfect form of pleasure in her companionship to the extent that he “despised riches; honour and its pageantries” (Abelard and Heloise 8). To Abelard, mastering his love to Heloise was impossible and it evidenced madness in his life such that he opted to lose everything foe her sake despite the societal disapproval of the relationship. He therefore fails in according balance in his various interests, sidelining everything for Heloise. These views shape Abelard’s love for Heloise by according him the audacity to fight for their illegitimate love; lose everything for his ultimate source of happiness. Heloise’s love for Abelard is expressed within the introductory part of the letters after the latter makes his feelings known unto her. She embraces his love for her and reciprocates the same through the emotional conversations and letters, holding the age function as a trivial determinant in their love. However, her principles and austere views inhibit her from accepting the marriage proposal. Spending time away from her lover reveals her true source of happiness and thereby relents to the matrimonial union to attain her ultimate pleasure.

The Stoic approach is the third perspective as formulated by Zenon on the premise an individual bears an absolute option of making life enjoyable or sad. Consequently, the ability to enforce happiness in all life’s situations relies on the ability of an individual to acquire total control upon their subjective attitude on various matters. Both lovers exhibit this philosophical approach in their relationship as evidenced by the choices that surmount communal perspectives with regard to their love relations. This aspect strengthens their love for each other as they prove of their dedication to each other. Therefore, all aspects of classical philosophy are replicated within the couple’s storyline.

Classical Christianity and the “Ghosts of Rome”

Classical Christianity is one of the earliest sects of the aforementioned faith bearing a strong attachment to the aspects of trinity and Christ’s dual nature, evidenced by his position as a deity and his human form. This school of thought bears its foundation within the Roman domination in the period of Constantine who revolutionized views towards Christianity by according for unity among various sects and abolishing the tyrannical practices of slavery and massive killings that were conducted within the churches during the Roman period. Harmony within the Christian religion was enforced through various debates leading to the creation of the ecumenical perspective into the subject of trinity and Christ’s personality. Abelard is troubled by his need to accord proper decisions both within the philosophical and religious views and he therefore often questions his actions to ascertain the motive and credibility of his position (Abelard and Heloise 42). Abelard often reminds Heloise his fickle nature accentuated by his humanity and shifting perspectives in analyzing whether he loves or hates her, whether he has the strength to stand for their love or not, and whether he should share his heart or mind with his lover.

This is a reflection of his weak nature as Christ evidenced in his earthly stay. Abelard however identifies his weaknesses and holds the view that as a Christian, clothing oneself with the savior’s immortal nature is the solution to his issues. Heloise bears the same Classical perspective on the virtue of love and she uses it to analyze her affection to Abelard. Heloise’s affection being in accordance to that exhibited by God in the trinity by offering Christ as a sacrifice is giving in nature and she therefore holds views of giving herself sexually to Abelard (Abelard and Heloise 68). She is aware that the thoughts are representative of indwelling sin and therefore offers herself into prayer yearning for the mortal to be consumed by the immortal nature of Christ. The Roman Ghosts in this view are traced in the oppression that the couple faces against the society; Heloise actually describes it as oppression. Additionally, the classical Christianity view is also based on Roman practices in the reign on Constantine. The Roman Ghosts imparts strains in their relationship but once solved leads to a higher and renewed sense of love for one another.

Question Two

Heloise’s gender orientations within both philosophical and Christian perspectives shape her into an ideal woman within the medieval era. In this period, morality surpassed the intellectual aspect with most women constrained from the ability to acquire learning skills. Subjugation within a chauvinistic society often rendered most women as helpless and illiterate with the few that were learned being discriminated against due to their liberal form of thinking that was considered as being disrespectful to the males. Learned women in the medieval period would therefore be subjugated even in areas that did not warrant such practices and they would align to the ill treatment in order to gain acceptance. Heloise’s character in the letter reveals these tendencies as her intellectual judgment is often clouded with the need to act in a moral manner within societal stipulations. Her reasoning behind the wedding refusal is hinged on the notion of disapproval accorded by the community and her uncle. On her fourth letter to her lover, Heloise asserts “I give no scandal to the world which is so easy to take bad impressions; I do not shake the virtue of the feeble ones” (Abelard and Heloise 70).

The given excerpt sums up Heloise’s views in terms of principles and the decision process as bearing the need to act as an ideal woman for acceptance. This affects her judgment and she fails to realize initially that her happiness solely emanated from her relations with her lover and not in gratifying the masses desires. This inflexible perspective designates Heloise as a more unswerving philosopher between the two as her perspectives are more static. Her argument for the wedding refusal bears philosophical traces holding the view that having Abelard to herself would be a selfish strategy as it would rid the world of a notable knowledge imparter. Abelard on the other hand stands in contrast to Heloise as strengthened by his gender and the chauvinistic tendencies of the medieval period. Within the introduction part, Abelard indicates the domineering aspect evident with males in the mentioned period by having an insatiable attitude of conquering fellow scholars and Christians, for the enhancement of his ego (Abelard and Heloise 8). His letter to Philintus addresses the challenges and achievement that Abelard pursues for his satisfaction and joy.

Having conquered most of his endeavors, Abelard meets Heloise and views her as an object that he has to acquire. Abelard even refers to her as a “dear object of desire!” (Abelard and Heloise 8). It is therefore perfectly normal that upon her refusal towards his marriage proposal, Abelard’s spirit and ego is highly bruised and he opts to live in a monastery and accept the situation as a form of chastisement from God. The imagery accorded in the episode is string as it reduces him to what society would view as a lesser man and with this he moves into hiding. Having a bold spirit, Abelard does not expect the reaction that he is accorded by Heloise on the wedding proposal and as men within the medieval period were not familiar with women according such hard decisions devoid the alignment to male needs. However, Abelard acts as a better Christian than Heloise offering himself for God’s ministry and confessing his shortcomings to other parties than his lover. Heloise in a bid to maintain an idealistic image on herself decides to live a life of hypocrisy to the society.

Works Cited

Abelard, Peter and Heloise. The love letters of Abelard and Heloise. London, UK: J. M. Dent and co., 1908. Print.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discuss 1980s

Factors that contributed to Republican political success in the 1980s

The Republican Party is one of the two current parties in the US alongside the Democratic Party. The party generally reflects America’s conservatism. The party was founded in 1855 by anti-slavery activists. During the 1930s, the great depression and the World War II discredited the conservative program of limited government at home. At the height of the Cold war in the 1950s, the conservative’s campaign against communism rejuvenated the political affluence. It failed to express its policies and the principles that would gain the support of majority of American voters. This made the conservative republicans to take advantage of their mistakes. In the early 1960s, Ronald Reagan became a republican and this pitched him into California politics, speaking for conservative reasons and candidates. His acting career was now a fallen story and he gained national eminence. In his speech, supporting the archconservative presidential nominee Barry Goldwater, saw Reagan secure his political future. He counted his reputation in becoming the party’s candidate in 1980. Different factors led to the Republican success in the 1980s.

Reagan and Barry Goldwater came up with messages that appealed to the American voters. This led to the liberal decline and the conservative resurgence. A sequence of proceedings mobilized opposition to the democratic party and its liberal agenda. These included a languishing economy, the failed war in Vietnam, African American unrests, an enlarged federal regulatory state, a judiciary that legalized abortion and imposed school busing. By the 70s, conservatism had greater support. The heritage foundation, American enterprise institute and the Cato institute issued policy suggestions and tirelessly attacked both the liberal social policy and the permissive culture they claimed it seeded. The organizations took affirmative action on social issues, changing of gender and sexual values.

The religious rights of the people equally contributed to the republican political success. The conservative had drawn its members from the Catholics, and the protestant evangelicals. Religion disagreed on divorce especially publicly, abortion, pre-marital, and feminism. The democratic liberals supported lenient punishment on criminals, liberal sexuality and even payment unmarried mother with multiple children. With the support of both groups, Ronald Reagan captured the republican nominations for president in 1980. In 1980, President Jim Carter was not popular among the people; only 21% of Americans believed that he was an efficient president. One of the reasons for this was that millions of Americans were bothered by the stagnated wages. High inflation, crippling mortgages and the unemployment rate was quite a percentage too. In his decisive ways, Reagan always was positive unlike Carter who was always defensive. Reagan always highlighted on the economic plight of the middle class.

In November later that year, Reagan gained his success with 51% of the popular vote; a repudiated Carter emerged with 41% of the American vote. The republican had gained its success and had thirty-three in the house of represantives and twelve senate positions. This victory earned the republican control over the US. The financial recourses contributing to two-thirds of all cooperate donations were handed to the republican candidates. The moral majority claimed that it registered 2 million voters for the election of 1980, which the Republican Party reflected to it.

The aggressive political realignment gained Reagan victory. The Republican Party registered its influence; it called for the ban of abortion that was against the people’s religious right and marked an end to court mandated busing. Young voters equally became responsive to Reagan’s reign. Some Americans predicted long-lasting alteration in the voting patterns. As he stepped into power, Reagan believed that America had given him the power for sweeping change. His failure or success would determine the significance of the election and the New Rights. Many working class voters equally disillusioned the democrats.

 

 

 

 

 

Identify a situation requiring change or requiring sponsorship or support of an initiative.

Developing a strategic story

As the marketplace becomes complicated and demanding, companies must frequently change some areas of their operations in order to maintain its competitive nature. However, before making or implementing any change, a company needs to assess its current state in order to identify areas that require improvement, to know what is missing and the necessary processes and strategies that can be applied, and to find areas that need sponsorship (Goodman, 2010). Therefore, the situation that requires change is about cost reduction in an organization and its workers. It is a strategic story that includes buy-in objectives.

Goal setting: determining buy-in objectives

Launching cost reduction initiatives in an organization may be a tricky action to take and it requires a company to make cuts in a way that works best in meeting its culture rather than being against it. It is always necessary for a company to consider securing its employee’s commitment when making cost reductions in order for it to sustain the reduction for than three days. Therefore, it is important that a company wishing to have cost reduction initiatives attain the positive emotional commitment of their employees to enable them support decisions and commit to action change that reduces cost. Therefore, these initiatives seek to foster the commitment and involvement of the employees through linking cost reduction to extremely motivating objective.

Another objective that this initiative seeks is to establish new strategy that will promote its focus on high-growth brand agility and field sales. This approach or objective will harness workers commitment in building a more powerful and more nimble company that is based on growth. Although cutting cost through reducing headcount is not an encouraging objective, strengthening the company for future expansion is very clear.

The participants in this initiative are required to develop an understanding on how and why such decisions are being made and they should believe that they are respected and more likely to buy into a cost reduction initiative. Therefore, they are supposed to work hard, be careful and ensure a frequent two-way communication. They are supposed to participate and attend the meetings, planning in order to come up with a better solution or have a way forward.

First step: Strategic story line

Cost reduction in a company means creating extra profits as far as individual capacity is concerned. This means that when a company gets profits for its goods and services, then it will achieve stability that will later lead to share values, collection of capital and enhanced investment opportunities for both workers and other stakeholders. Cost reduction is beneficial to entire society and this may be through creating cost reduction programs. The companies will most likely work hard to ensure quality production and transfer such programs to the community. The workers and all the staff will benefit by having increased wages and improved welfare facilities. Cost reduction aims at benefiting the whole nation especially, through its cost reduction programs. For instance, the company will try to maintain the international parity in costs of exportable products and hence leading to increase in export, which results to increased savings in foreign exchange. There is likely to be more tax savings accruing from internal revenue.

Second step: Developing storyline in three chapters that target audience’s agenda

Reduction of cost can be encouraging in an emotionally compelling and positive way by connecting efforts to a more positive outcome for a company and its workers. This can only be achieved through a high structuring and execution of efforts that attain the buy-in and commitment of the employee to the significant and important decisions and change in behavior.

Targeted Chapter 1

Cost cutting initiative ensures that it creates impacts that are beyond its own life. It is not a one-time change of action but a lasting benefit to the society. Therefore, better and improved solutions concerning cost reduction will be able to meet the desires of all the participants. There will be redefining and clarifying job responsibilities so that no one feels overworked. For instance, this could be achieved by creating different parts of the company to work together in a manner that reduces costs overtime. This will result into a clear authority and the right balance of membership.

Targeted Chapter 2

Locking in cost reduction by basing on metrics that reflect extensive employee input, hence leading in more buy-in than top-down imposed metrics. Therefore, cost reduction will successfully satisfy the needs of the consumers by 80%, promote service ratings to 90%, and most importantly enhance the engagement of the employee as measured by the wide survey of the company.

Targeted Chapter 3

Cost reduction benefits the entire society through creating cost reduction and awareness programs that educates people on how to cut cost in their spending. This will also help different people reduce cost and be able to save for future use. The companies will most likely work hard to ensure quality production and transfer such programs to the community.

Therefore, with this in mind, participants should know that by cutting costs, they would stand a good chance of being the beneficiaries. For instance, reduction in cost means making profit, improved investment opportunities and saving for the future due to the stability of the company.

Third step: A call to action

To all my audience, you may now pass on your questions, but first let me clarify the important point that brought me here today; reduction in cost will mean improved investment opportunities, company profits, increased share values and saving for the future (Walton, 2004). Therefore, I humbly request for your urgent approval of cost reduction in our company so that we can make our dreams a reality in the near future. Thank you.

Conclusion

Reduction of cost can be encouraging in an emotionally compelling and positive way by connecting efforts to a more positive outcome for a company and its workers. This can only be achieved through a high structuring and execution of efforts that attain the buy-in and commitment of the employee to the significant and important decisions and change in behavior. It also demands a credible encouraging vision of what the company can achieve in future. Therefore, it is possible to achieve the goal of having a lower cost structure if only one can encourage people in a more positive manner that creates emotional as well as rational commitment. Through this, a company will be able to receive more costs out sooner and the benefits will last for a long period.

There are strategies that can be employed to enhance effective cost reduction goal, for instance, planning more aggressive cost reduction targets that will ensure that the company remains competitive under various industry circumstances. In addition, developing commitment from all aspects of the company, streamlining the company as a way of strengthening the future development will lead to achieving the goals set for the

 

 

References

Goodman, M. (2010).Corporate Communication: Strategic Adaptation for Global Practice. New  York, NY: Peter Lang.

Walton, S. (2004).Generating buy-in: mastering the language of leadership. New York, NY:         AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.

Environmental Threat from Oil Spillage

Today, oil is the largest energy producer, and the whole world could not do without it. However, oil has become a threat to the environment and it needs to be controlled, together with new means of energy that pose less threat should be used to reduce the damage caused by its spillage. In this article, the focus is on oil spillage in the sea that poses a great hazard to the ecosystem and the living organism in it, as well as the consequences that come along if quick action is not addressed.

When a large amount of oil spillage occurs in the sea, it poses a threat of eliminating species of animals living around, and at the same time posing a threat to a rich source of human food, not forgetting the health complication that could arise. Large oil spillage kills many animals in the sea such as the whale, if it feeds on a fish with oil, or else, if the oil got into its blow hole, its chances of surviving are minimal, and the birds around the sea are the most affected, since most die when the oil gets on to their feathers. The plants in the water are affected by the harmful chemicals too, such as tar that remains on shore to contaminate the water. The chemicals contained in the oil, such as hydrocarbon and heavy metals that have a harmful effect to the living orgasms remain afloat the surface, making it hard for air to get to the water, and all the organisms under are posed with health problems and suffocation (Trefil and Hazen ,2010).

There are many causes of oil spillage in the water caused by human errors, and others could find their way naturally through the rivers running to the sea. Most of the spillage is known to come from the tankers, which may experience technical problems, hit an iceberg, or even Bligh reefs. Other spillage can occur from pipelines that could leak the oil into the land, and eventually, it would reach the sea when washed by the rainwater, and into rivers that drain in the sea. During production on the offshore drilling, an error could cause leakage, that is usually hard to control, and the amount of spilled oil is high, and can spread many miles in the sea.

After an oil spillage, there are several solutions used to rectify this problem, to help reduce the harmful effect to the environment. One of the solutions used is skimming, where the oil is skimmed from the water using tubes that are fitted with fine filters that take the oil from the water. Natural degradation is another solution for small spillages, which may not be harmful to the environment, where the sun and wind degrade the oil. Another solution to oil spillage is using dispersants that helps in breaking down of oil by breaking it into droplets that form together and sink, to enhance natural degradation. In addition, adding biological chemicals such as nitrogen would be helpful in the same way as the dispersants (Van, C., 2011). These are solution to a spill, but are not the solutions to prevent spillage, which can only be through greet care by human beings, in their operations.

Oil is a danger to the environment, and if such spillages are not prevented, fatal consequences could occur to the ecosystem, where the balance may be lost, and this could lead to major threats. If oil spills such as the Gulf oil spill are not checked, the marine animals including the plants such as planktons would not grow, and being the big primary source of food in the sea, many animals will face extinction. Human beings too would face a threat of health related problems, especially the aquatic sportsmen.

The Saint Leo core value of Responsible Stewardship states that we are blessed with abundance of resources, and we should employ them to fulfill our communities. By this, the core value suggests that we should use the resources available, such as oil, for development of community, but in a responsible way, which does not do the opposite, of destroying the community through pollution. Respect core value from Saint Leo means working together harmoniously, to solve problems and live in a balanced way, appreciating each other. In this issue, human beings must learn to appreciate each other as well as animals, and prevent pollution, since in doing so means caring for each other and respect for nature.

 

References

Trefil, J. and Hazen, R.M. (2010). The sciences: an integrated approach. Marshall, TX: Wiley

Van, C. (2011). Solutions to Oil Spills. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/way_5201147_solutions-oil-spills.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Historical Systems of Power and Revolutionary Change

The Rise of Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Imperialism in Southeast Asia began in the ancient times. In the first centuries, trade in India was extremely significant throughout the Roman Egyptian Red Sea ports. Southeast Asia was colonized by European, Japanese and the United States. However, in total, Southeast Asia had seven colonies inclusive of Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and France among others. Colonialism is enhanced in order to expand one’s boundaries, to seek mercantilist profit, importation of cheap products, and for extraction of useful metals (Hall, 1981). Imperialism reflects the British politics of the time and it was first encountered in the 19^th century. According to Hall (1981), the colonial policy and activity in Southeast Asia all have recognized the nature of the characteristics. Major European powers had same objectives of developing colonies overseas, the way in which this was carried out was very random than normal.

Issues that led to the rise of imperialism in Southeast Asia include differing philosophies of administrative governance, different levels of indigenous resistance, and differing periods of influence in the community. Imperialism in Southeast Asia was mainly a result of the nature of pre-colonial changes and the ability of the local communities to mix and respond to the differing policies, attractions, and challenges of colonial governance. Indigenous people who practiced animism had lived in Southeast Asia for a very long time, thus their reaction to imperialism or colonialism was in a resistant way especially those politics that had successfully achieved extreme levels of cultural, political and economic integration. The indigenous people who were receptive to European missionaries and merchants was overthrown paving way for new rulers who were found to be oriented and unreceptive to foreign religion. The native were forced to develop vital posts in south East Asia that comprised of several rival kingdoms.

The Tactics of Nonviolent Revolution in American Revolution

Freedom and democracy was achieved by the American Revolution according to studies. The king and the state began exercising power over the colonies where there was no practical precedent that a good number of colonists considered it a threat to their economic future. This mainly resulted into nonviolent resistance that led to war. The war was successful through minor nonviolent negotiations among colonists as they planned themselves to resist the British military. Therefore, this American Revolution was considered more like the velvet revolution in Eastern Europe than the violent revolution of Russia.

The Tactics of Violent Revolution in Russian revolution 1917

Russian revolution of the 1917 only meant death and injury to the ordinary person like the peasants and workers. There were rampant speculations with extreme rates of hardships and workers faced threats of conscription. Furthermore, strikes were employed in most cases and sometimes the locally garrisoned soldiers in Petrograd were the major supporters of the war. A huge strike took place in January where a big number of workers participated and in February 1917, the pressures within Russian society led into another revolution. This revolution managed to overthrow the Tsar and the absolutist regime (Scott, 1989). The 1917 Russian revolution was led by the Bolshevik party, which organized strikes, meetings and demonstrations throughout the city and they even requested arms to enable them fight the police.

According to Scott (1989), every meaningful political dynamic must involve violence or the threat of violence because without violence, the stronger will never stop exploiting the weak. However, it is always advisable for the concerned countries to evaluate the likely causes of conflicts in order to find a better solution to a problem other than fighting. This is because when properties are damaged, lives lost and animals killed, the participants’ countries are always bound to become enemies.

The above chosen revolutions both struggled very hard and thus were able to accomplish their mission. For instance, in the case of American Revolution, freedom and democracy was achieved, whereas in Russian revolution, it accomplished its goal by overthrowing the Tsar and the absolutist regime. Therefore, all the revolutions either violent or nonviolent one used its tactics well to ensure that it succeeds in achieving and accomplishing its goals during the war.

  References

Hall, D. (1981). History of South-east Asia, 4th revs Ed. London, UK: Macmillan.

Scott, J. (1989).Russian teachers and peasant revolution: the politics of education in 1905. Indiana: University Press.

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down

This is a dramatic, profoundly felt, and carefully explored story of the devastating experience between two different customs. This concerns the Western medication and Eastern religious studies. Lia was by now seven years old in 1988 and according to the views and the investigations done by her doctors, her brain was found to be dead. According to the views of Lee, the spirit had escaped her body and hence it was perceived to be lost. The epileptic attack begun in her first three months as it is explained by Lee. The treatment of this illness was to some extent very complex for it was changed twenty three times in a span of four years. This was because, the medicine that was administered to her were bad hence was worsening her situation.

However, there was the belief that failure to comply with the doctors’ prescription and instructions would result to child abuse as the doctor had recommended Lee to offer Lia the foster care she needed. A few months subsequent to her going back home, Lia was again taken to hospital as she had generated an immense attack that actually shattered her brain. With bereavement being thought to be impending, her family was allowed to take her home. In two years later, it was realized that the expected was not to happen because Lia was under the strong care of her parents as it was said by Fadiman. Thus, there was a cultural ceremony prepared in order to bring revival to Lia through reuniting her body with the soul. The Hmong Ceremony was to bring healing for it involved the pig sacrifice that was to be done in their apartment.

In this heart- breaking tale, Fadiman brings forth the description of Hmong account from prehistoric times to the current, as well as their occupation in the CIA in Laos and their relocation in America, their etiquette ,culture, ethics, and spiritual beliefs. Whilst Fadiman is enthusiastically conscious of the disappointment faced by doctors in their determination to offer therapeutic care to persons with such a fundamentally special worldview, she recommends that medical doctors should at least recognize their patients’ authenticity. This advice relates to the radiant lessons in “cross-cultural medication” (Touraine 169) where the modern from of medication and the cultural fro is compromised.

The issue of Culture plays a significant responsibility in The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. The incorporations of issues such as religion food and language comprise the wholeness of culture of any given society. The social life today is changing for “I think that this is the fundamental difference between the end of the nineteenth century and the end of the twentieth” (Touraine 167). It is with relation to the end of the nineteenth century where the actor’s view of Hmong Social cultural issue is analyzed. These social issues include religion, language and food. This the issue of culture gives the notable difference between the past world with the present from of social factors which involve the change of language and religion due to the introduction of education system. The Hmong language is said to have eight idiosyncratic tones. The onomatopoeia is said to be one aspect of this language. The people of the Hmong customarily live in the world that State. In addition, their delicacy and diet is strongly related to their approach of social life. In their mother country, the community farm opium and rice as the only agricultural produce. Meat has been used to compliment Rice, which is their vital staple food. Pig has been preferred to be the major source of meat for the community because they rear them in large numbers.

The Hmong people in the US are mostly immigrant families who helped the Central Intelligence Agency militaristic hard work in Laos. They are an ethnic group with a determinedly conventional culture that mingles the issues of physical condition with mysticism that may be deemed prehistoric by the values of people of western. The story also brings the relation between modernization and the prehistoric way of living that incorporate the traditional form of treatment and the modern form of health administration.

The issue of cultural understanding is a major point of focus due to the relation of the present events with the past. The writer uses the encounter between the health physicians of Lia’s guardians  and Merced as a way of highlighting that there is need to be more receptive to the assortment of aspects of diverse traditions such that we are not the melting jar we have at all times asserted to be. We have formed an outstanding, and almost certainly rather incomparable, “balance between tradition and progress, the local and the global, or at any rate the entire, which has lasted for a nearly for a long time” (Touraine 167).

In this kind of society, in order to succeed, the prehistoric events in the modern society need not to be banished away for they form the basis of the communal dignity. The interaction between the past and the present also creates room for evaluation that triggers new methods of improving the current state. This refers to the suggestion that the physicians entailed not only to accept the idea along with their medicinal dealing, but they also needed to acknowledge that there should also be opportunity for the Hmong notion of the spirit. In other words, “compromise is required in some instances so that efficiency might be achieved in the social life” (Touraine 169).

The conflict between the two cultures brings the concept that greatly demands the attention depicting that nothing is absolute and there is no reality. Hence, we can only realize the progress in the reduction of wrongs. Science in addition to society is continuously developing and conforming to innovative annotations and information. In the impressive proposal of ideas, if the communal view of the Hmong about the world works for various numbers of people, then it ought to be appreciated. However, when two ethnicity crash, preferably both cultures will view the state of affairs with equal hold for the other’s thoughts and viewpoint. The Fadiman’s writing is “not prejudiced for it brings about the proposal that there’s unison in multiplicity; this perception seems to be a fundamental argument all through the book” (Fadiman 56).

In this study, the audience should have a wide viewpoint in order to achieve much of the objectives of the writer thus not missing out the key issues. This is because the reality that is enhanced by the world reflector is a clear manifest of our nervous system. It gives the concept of relationship between things. For instance, the relationship of how neurobiology is linked to other scholastic order such as psychology and philosophy. The relationship between the brain working and the nervous is among the key elements in the proper functioning of the body. In other instances, there should be compromise in the area of professional thus bringing flexibility property in social life. This is with reference to where cultural form of treatment was applied to heal the Lia’s illness as the medicinal way of treatment had failed.

Love is another element that was vital in Lia’s illness. The physicians held rigid stand to their way of diagnosing while the Lee’s required reverence for their traditions. The frame of mind is one of the disappointment and stress all through in the book as the writer attempts to give details of how the conflict of two ethnicities led to the catastrophe of a girl to be left in a vegetative state. There are instants of achievement when people gain knowledge from the inaccuracy of the earlier period, but they are a small in number and distant amid the disastrous periods for little Lia.

Therefore, in order to achieve communal cohesion and integration, there is need to relate the past with the present occurrence. For instance, in the Lia’s treatment there is incorporation of the modern way of treatment that did not work, and the traditional form of treatment. Hence, the issue of culture change and transformation is determined by the relation of the prehistoric events with the present occurrences.

Works Cited

Fadiman, Anne. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997. Print.

Touraine, Alain. “Social Transformations of the Twentieth Century.” International Social Science Journal. 50.156 (1998): 165. Print.

 

Career Exploitation

Introduction

A dynamic and hardworking college student currently in third year, fourth semester taking advanced diploma in operation management program is seeking a role in chain management industry. I have extreme passion and interest in this field. This is because I am skilled professionally and a dedicated person who can benefit the stakeholders of the organization. Previously, my career was bank branch senior clerk. However, there was no self-assessment performed to assist in identifying my career path.

In my career path, I never thought of working as a social worker, or being a Gerontologist, or a teacher, but as years went by, I became highly interested in the above mentioned careers thus I felt the need to explore them. Participating in a team project that was executed in class by the entire class was the most satisfying project that I have ever done. I also enjoyed volunteering at church mainly as a coordinator for children summer camp; this was very successful and satisfying. However, my main dream is to work as a supply chain manager.

Potential

Courteous, open-minded, responsible and hardworking person, am able to perform effectively and carefully in order to achieve the set goals of the organization. Proven loyal to my family, a person with integrity, trustworthy organized, able to balance personal life and work. I respect different cultures and people, determined, calm, stable, independent, and able to work under minimal supervision.

Naturally, I like hiking, going for picnics in various adventurous places to exploit the beauty of the earth, go for daily exercises to keep the body fit physically, and reading books is part of my life. Planning, executing, and completing quality work within a given period is one of the most useful skills that I learned and gained from my school experience. After graduating, I would spend my entire working day volunteering to offer help to my community.

I am a very dedicated person who ensures that all tasks and my goals are achieved successfully. My strength therefore lies in the way I socialize with people easily; I have a perseverance attitude, as well as aspirations and professionalism in my career life. My success came when I achieved high grades academically, honors graduates pre-business certificates, and when my devotion and efforts were recognized as the most significant by the individual outstanding staff award. My passions and interests include pursuing further education in order to grow as a professional person, to provide help to the less fortunate, organizations and the community at large.

Many people view me as a concerned person, patient, courteous, independent, hardworking, dedicated, and as a person with high expectations in life. However, I have a weakness in completing postponed work. Therefore, to avoid this, I always do my best to ensure that I complete the entire task assigned to me before taking a rest. I also have a weakness in speaking English since it is my second language, although am good at listening and writing it perfectly. Therefore, in cases of any need, I will seek for a person who can help me solve issues concerning my language.

Part 3

Dedicated, perseverance attitude, determined in achieving my goals, projects as well as tasks are my personality traits that help me be industrious. In addition, I believe that continuous learning is very vital in making me a success in life. I am proficient in MS office applications, Access, PowerPoint, and excel. I gained industrious skills in supply management, and book keeping from the London chamber of commerce and industry examinations board. I am an interactive team player, good listener and always appreciative of other people’s opinions. Since the college has people from all areas of the world, I enjoy working together with people from different cultures, learning new habits, managing and resolving conflicts when necessary, respectful, and flexible at all times.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Works Cited

WhyHire.me Corporation. Top ten reasons to hire me. 7 Jul 2009. Web. 17 May 2011

< http://whyhire.me/>

Career Exploitation

Introduction

A dynamic and hardworking college student currently in third year, fourth semester taking advanced diploma in operation management program is seeking a role in chain management industry. I have extreme passion and interest in this field. This is because I am skilled professionally and a dedicated person who can benefit the stakeholders of the organization. Previously, my career was bank branch senior clerk. However, there was no self-assessment performed to assist in identifying my career path.

In my career path, I never thought of working as a social worker, or being a Gerontologist, or a teacher, but as years went by, I became highly interested in the above mentioned careers thus I felt the need to explore them. Participating in a team project that was executed in class by the entire class was the most satisfying project that I have ever done. I also enjoyed volunteering at church mainly as a coordinator for children summer camp; this was very successful and satisfying. However, my main dream is to work as a supply chain manager.

Potential

Courteous, open-minded, responsible and hardworking person, am able to perform effectively and carefully in order to achieve the set goals of the organization. Proven loyal to my family, a person with integrity, trustworthy organized, able to balance personal life and work. I respect different cultures and people, determined, calm, stable, independent, and able to work under minimal supervision.

Naturally, I like hiking, going for picnics in various adventurous places to exploit the beauty of the earth, go for daily exercises to keep the body fit physically, and reading books is part of my life. Planning, executing, and completing quality work within a given period is one of the most useful skills that I learned and gained from my school experience. After graduating, I would spend my entire working day volunteering to offer help to my community.

I am a very dedicated person who ensures that all tasks and my goals are achieved successfully. My strength therefore lies in the way I socialize with people easily; I have a perseverance attitude, as well as aspirations and professionalism in my career life. My success came when I achieved high grades academically, honors graduates pre-business certificates, and when my devotion and efforts were recognized as the most significant by the individual outstanding staff award. My passions and interests include pursuing further education in order to grow as a professional person, to provide help to the less fortunate, organizations and the community at large.

Many people view me as a concerned person, patient, courteous, independent, hardworking, dedicated, and as a person with high expectations in life. However, I have a weakness in completing postponed work. Therefore, to avoid this, I always do my best to ensure that I complete the entire task assigned to me before taking a rest. I also have a weakness in speaking English since it is my second language, although am good at listening and writing it perfectly. Therefore, in cases of any need, I will seek for a person who can help me solve issues concerning my language.

Part 3

Dedicated, perseverance attitude, determined in achieving my goals, projects as well as tasks are my personality traits that help me be industrious. In addition, I believe that continuous learning is very vital in making me a success in life. I am proficient in MS office applications, Access, PowerPoint, and excel. I gained industrious skills in supply management, and book keeping from the London chamber of commerce and industry examinations board. I am an interactive team player, good listener and always appreciative of other people’s opinions. Since the college has people from all areas of the world, I enjoy working together with people from different cultures, learning new habits, managing and resolving conflicts when necessary, respectful, and flexible at all times.

 Works Cited

WhyHire.me Corporation. Top ten reasons to hire me. 7 Jul 2009. Web. 17 May 2011

< http://whyhire.me/>

American Government

Characteristics of American democracy and its difference from the theory of democratic government

American democracy has a few characteristics that are noted by many countries worldwide. It recognizes individual dignity. This means that people have a right to have life and liberty, to own property and to be protected under the lands law (U.S. Department of State). The democracy makes everyone equal and offers equal protection under the law. The democracy also offers an equal opportunity to every individual within the country to be involved in the decision making process that affects the society and the public in general (United states of America, 2011). The majority rule is also another character of the democracy. This involves giving the people a chance to make one vote in order to decide whom they want their leader to be or in the making of other decisions, that needs the public’s opinion.

Democratic theory does necessarily mean that the government will follow what the majority of the people are advocating. The government also looks at other factors before implementing some policies or making some laws. For example, according to the democracy side of view, about 65% of Americans are in favor of some sort of praying in public school, however, the government does not accept this (Janda, 2000). In this case, the government acts contrary of what the public advocates. While democracy advocates for the people’s conditions, democratic government advocates for the governmental conditions. Substantive and procedural views of democracy may disfavor the minority while the democratic ones favor the minorities.

Compare and contrast the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. Why the Constitution succeed where the Articles of Confederation failed

One major similarity between the two is that they both imposed the congress with the legislative (lawmaking) power. Both had the power of receiving and sending ambassadors. The governments were given the power to choose and equip any army, negotiate treaties, govern territories, making the cabinet and both treated the citizens of all states with equality. Other major differences were present. The articles treated the people as sovereign while the constitution divides the sovereignty of the people into states and central government (The University of Oklahoma, 2011). The articles did not have any independent executive while the constitution has an independent executive. The articles had no federal courts while the constitution has separated federal court system. The congress had no taxing power in the articles. The constitution offers the congress to ask for taxes and duties.

The constitution was stronger than the articles especially at that time when the nation was still young. The “one vote” rules imposed by the articles, made the larger states complain of unfairness in representation as compared to the smaller states. Congress could not pass important bills due to the two-thirds vote majority needed to make laws (AcademicInfo, 2011). Most power was given to the diverse states, which mostly ignored the congress. For these reasons, the congress looked like a toothless, barking dog. The government had congress as the only branch and so it could control most of the states.

References

AcademicInfo, (2011). U.S. Government & Politics- Directory of Online Resources. Retrieved from http://www.academicinfo.net/poliscius.html

Janda, K. (2000). American Government and Politics (Week2, Lecture 2). Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: http://janda.org/b20/Lectures/Week%202/W2-2DemocraticTheory.htm

The United States of America, (2010). The Constitution of the United States and Other Historical American Documents: Including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution of the Confederate States. New York, NY: Cosimo, Inc

The University of Oklahoma, (2011). The Chronology of US Historical Documents. Retrieved from http://www.law.ou.edu/hist/

U.S. Department of states, (2008). Characterictics of Democracy. America.gov archive. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/democracy…/20080623194736eaifas0.658703.html