Author: chris

• In your opinion should the US government law enforcement personnel be permitted to arrest terrorists, who commit crimes against Americans in other countries? Or against Americans within the United States, but the terrorist (co-conspirator or leader) remains physically outside of the Untied States?
• In your opinion should the US Government have jurisdiction over cybercrimes which affect US interests within the United States, but the offender commits their crimes outside of the US Borders via the internet?
• In your opinion should the US and state Governments be required to examine DNA evidence in all closed capital offense crimes where the offender was convicted prior to the discovery of a process to examine DNA?

 

Write a white paper on a company of your choice and discuss the market segmentation within that industry along with the target market for the company and the selection process for that target market.

Required Elements:

• No more than 2100 words
• Include demographic, psychographic, geographic, and behavioral characteristics for the selected company.
• A positioning statement for the company with careful consideration of their brand and strategy
• Paper is consistent with APA guidelines.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

The two common Fourth Amendment exceptions that are part of this DB are consent and probable cause. Both aspects should be articulated in your answer.

The Fourth Amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures. Taking fingerprints from a person is considered to be a seizure and it must be done with probable cause or consent. With probable cause, police are allowed to take a person’s fingerprints and photograph, and record and maintain records of them. Consider how these same standards apply to other aspects of biometric data.

• Identify one biometric characteristic other than fingerprints (e.g., eye scanning, facial scanning, etc.) and explain how the Fourth Amendment would apply to the collection of that data.
• Under what circumstances might law enforcement be able to compel the collection of other biometric data?
• Why would the collection of those biometric data be considered reasonable?

Although biometrics are commonly used in the public (law enforcement) sector, the use of biometrics in the private sector is becoming more common. As a result, the policies, procedures, and laws regulating their use are evolving.

• Describe one way that biometrics is currently being used in the private sector.
• Describe some of the best practices that should be in place to ensure that the biometric data is properly collected, used, and stored.
• Apply the eight Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Privacy Guidelines to your best practices analysis.
• Support your work with properly cited research and examples of the selected biometrics applied in the public and private sector.

You have just graduated from the VVV Online Criminal Justice program and acquired your dream career working with the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). You love to write articles of criminal justice interest, and because the NCJRS provides links to millions and millions of criminal justice references, you find yourself in awe of your career. For your first assignment, you have been asked present a report at an upcoming criminal justice conference. This report will help your colleagues better understand how databases, technology, polices, and so forth affect the administration of justice and the outcome of court cases in particular. Your training coordinator expects you to highlight several examples of how criminal justice databases, computer technology, and policies have changed the way crimes are investigated and how criminals are brought to justice. Address how 2 of the following databases, technology tools, and policies have changed the legal landscape in the United States in your paper of 3–4 pages. On the two topics selected, you should address the history, administration, purpose, and so forth:

• Fingerprint analysis
• DNA databases
• Ballistics testing
• Tire tread analysis
• Tracking of illegal pornographic images
• Modus operandi databases
• Three strikes laws
• Gun control laws
• The USA PATRIOT Act
• Megan’s law
• Domestic violence laws
• The exclusionary rule
• Lie detectors
• Inmate classification systems
• Truth in sentencing laws

 

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read the Schantz (2014) “A Young Scholar’s Guide to Building a Professional Network” article, review the Divisions listed on the APA websitepaying special attention to the divisions that may interest you, and review the O*Net Online website .

In your initial post, identify one division related to your career interest that you would consider joining and one specific job related to that division. Conduct a search on your chosen job using O*Net Online . Briefly elaborate on the information provided on the job you searched, and be sure to include educational requirements, duties, future outlook, and salaries related to the position. Use the Internet to search for and compile information about the leading employer prospects for this position in your geographical area. Compare and contrast the compiled information with that from O* Net. Include expected duties, number of job offerings found, educational requirements, job experience, and salary levels where applicable. Analyze psychology as a profession and assess the role the APA could play in aiding you in the development of a professional network. Briefly detail an initial plan for building your professional network as well as obtaining your selected job.

This assignment is designed to integrate the reflection of personal experience, and the information covered in the textbook. Assuming you are Juanita, answer the following questions:

• What would you identify in a job analysis within an organization, which are the most important factors that would help the supervisors do his or her jobs?
• What measures can you take to design jobs to make them more efficient? What are the most undesirable drawbacks or challenges to designing the jobs for greater efficiency?
• How might you design the jobs to be more motivating?

Write a white paper on a company of your choice and discuss the market segmentation within that industry along with the target market for the company and the selection process for that target market.

Required Elements:

• No more than 2100 words
• Include demographic, psychographic, geographic, and behavioral characteristics for the selected company.
• A positioning statement for the company with careful consideration of their brand and strategy
• Paper is consistent with APA guidelines.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

 

In this exercise, we will set up a spreadsheet that will allow us to compare the means of two sets of data obtained on two separate samples and determine if the means are the same or significantly different.  In other words, is the difference between the two sets of data real, i.e. the means are not the same due to a systematic error in one or both analyses, or the samples are not the same, or is the difference simply the result of random error.  In order to do this, we will use the Student’s t test.  As stated in your textbook, for two sets of data consisting of n₁ and n₂ measurements (with averages x₁ and x₂ and standard deviations s₁ and s₂), the value of t is calculated using the following formula (equation 4-4, p. 89):

 

t_calc = (|x₁ – x₂|/s_pooled)[(n₁n₂)/(n₁ + n₂)]^1/2                        (1)

 

where s_pooled is a “pooled” standard deviation for both sets of data.  The latter is calculated with the assumption that the standard deviations for the two sets of data are not significantly different.  S_pooled may be calculated using the formula

 

s_pooled = [(s₁²(n₁-1) + s₂²(n₂-1))/(n₁ + n₂ -2)]^1/2   (2)

 

Once t has been calculated, it is compared to the critical value of t from a table (Table 4-2, p. 87) for the desired confidence level for n₁ + n₂ -2 degrees of freedom.  If the calculated t is less than the critical t value, then there is no significant difference between the two means.  If the calculated t is greater than the critical t value, then there is a significant difference between the two means.

 

To obtain the critical value of t with Excel, t_crit, use the TINV function of Excel.  The syntax used by Excel is TINV(probability, deg_freedom).  The confidence level is determined from the probability value as 100*(1-probability).  For example, for the 95% confidence level, the probability is entered as 0.05.  Assuming 10 degrees of freedom and 95 % confidence level, the formula entered into Excel to obtain the t-value would be =TINV(0.05,10).

 

The data for replicate measurements carried out by Carol Khemistry using two different analytical methods with similar precision on the same sample are given below:

 

Trial	Method 1A Results	Method 2A Results
1	1.97	1.89
2	1.93	1.88
3	1.97	1.91
4	1.96	1.92
5	1.98	1.90
6	1.94	1.88
7	1.99	1.88
8	1.96	1.89
9	1.93	1.92
10	1.96	1.91
11	1.95	1.90
12	1.97	1.89
13	1.94	1.91

 

 

 

Set up a spreadsheet that will calculate the average for each sample, the standard deviation for each average, the number of data points for each method, the degrees of freedom (calculated as n₁ + n₂ – 1), the pooled standard deviation for the two sets of data (using equation 2), the t_calc value for the two sets of data (using equation 1), and the t_crit value.  The spreadsheet should also determine if the means are the same or statistically different using the IF function of Excel.

 

The average and standard deviation may be calculated directly by using the AVERAGE() and STDEV() functions in Excel.  For example, to average the numeric values found in cells A1 through A5, use the following formula:  =AVERAGE(A1:A5).  A similar formula would be written to calculate the standard deviation.  Because the formula for s_pooled uses the variance, i.e., the square of the standard deviations for each set of data, you can use the VAR function of Excel to calculate the variance to be used in the spreadsheet equation for s_pooled.  To calculate the variance for the numeric values found in cells A1 through A5, use the following formula: =VAR(A1:A5).  The COUNT() function should be used to count the number of trials in each set of data.  To use this function to count the numeric values found in cells A1 through A5, use the formula:  =COUNT(A1:A5).

 

Once a t_calc value has been calculated by Excel, you can compare it to t_crit via Excel using the IF function and print the appropriate statement:  (1) “The two methods give the same results.”, or (2) “The two methods give statistically different results.” The syntax for this function is IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false). Thus, to use the IF function to compare t_calc in B18 to t_crit in B19, the formula would be:  =IF(B18>B19, ” The two methods give statistically different results.”, ” The two methods give the same results.”)

 

Your spreadsheet should have the following properly labeled columns:  Trial, Method 1A Results, Method 2A Results.  The average, standard deviation, variance, and number of measurements should be calculated below each column of data. You should also include the following properly labeled values below the columns of data and the average and standard deviation values: degrees of freedom, s_pooled, t_{crit, and} t_calc. Below the data, the IF function should indicate whether or not the two methods give the same or different results. An example spreadsheet is attached for your reference.

 

Note that all calculations are to be completed using Excel. Be sure to type your name, the date, and a title for the spreadsheet at the top of the worksheet.  Include at the bottom of the page text which clearly gives the formulas used in the calculations and the columns or cells in which they are located.  See the example spreadsheet given to you with the Introduction to Spreadsheets handout.

 

Although students can help each other with questions and problems that might arise while writing a spreadsheet, each student is to complete his or her own spreadsheet!!!  Handing in the exact same spreadsheet generated with or by other students is academic dishonesty, and will negate the original purpose of doing the exercise, which is to learn how to use spreadsheets.

 

Hand in a paper copy of your spreadsheet, and email it as an attachment to Dr. Crawford at pcrawford@semo.edu.

 

Be sure to save this spreadsheet since we will be using it again in lab.