What do you believe are two challenges and two advantages of quantitative research? Give a work place example where you think using quantitative research would be the most viable option for solving a problem or identifying an opportunity.
Please describe in paragraph form, your study population, sample (and sample method), and data collection that you anticipate using for your Working Research Agenda / Capstone. This description should be detailed and include reference citations.
Decisions regarding data that is in text form, missing data, potentially incorrect data, inclusion of potential outliers, binning strategy, and variable transformation:
In the first part of this project, I have to prepare the data for model building which will be done in the second part of the project. I took a look at each of the variable and took a decision on which variables I will be ultimately using for the model. The MLS was listed as the first variable and it also served as a house ID in the real estate system. In this case particularly, this variable does not add any value for finding the prices. If this project was in real life, I would have done some research on the importance of MLS and may have used it. However, this project is for academic purpose and I will drop this variable from the data set. I have deleted DOM as well for the same reason as MLS. I also excluded COUNTY from the final data set as Chester is the only county and a variable with just one value will not have much impact on the final results. I will for sure keep the PRICE as that is what we are interested in. I have excluded the SUBDIV/NEIGHBOURHOOD variable for reason it has lot of missing values and I would work on finding these missing values only if this project was in real life. However, this project is for academic purposes and I would not work on this further, as lack of this variable would give us less accurate results. I have excluded HIGH, MIDDLE, and ELEM schools variables also for the same reason. They have too many missing values to be worked on a project solely for academic purposes. I have also excluded DESIGN and STYLE because they are categorical variables and we would have to dummy code them which would create so many new variables and excel does not support a large number of variables. BED and BATH variables did not have any missing values so I used them. I have observed that RETAXES and ASSESS have almost the same purpose of finding out how level of taxes impact the prices of the house, and because both of these variables had missing values, I decided to drop one of the variables and deal with the missing values of the other one. I chose RETAXES for finding the missing the missing values. Square footage is an important variable as it has a direct impact on prices. It had many missing values though. However I have dealt with those missing values by creating a pivot table and finding the average square footage of other houses which were in the same school district as the ones whose values were missing and had the same number of bedrooms, and I used those values for the missing data.
Average of SQ FOOT BED
SCHOOL DISTRICT 2 3 4 5 6 9 Grand Total
Unionvil-chadds 1897 2423.176 3396.692 4942.3 5427 6700 3650.395349
West Chester 1807.5 1978.889 3100.427 3774 6182.333 2831.578571
Grand Total 1852.25 2100.71 3201.781 4482.061 5710.25 6700 3143.163717
I have also dealt with the missing values in RETAXES by creating the pivot table to find the average value of retaxes considering the school district and number of bedrooms the houses had and used those values for the missing data.
Average of RETAXES BED
SCHOOL DISTRICT 2 3 4 5 6 Grand Total
Unionvil-chadds 6360.666667 12084.6 11758.71429 19033 10879.42857
West Chester 3152.666667 3171.444444 4892.484848 9682.428571 6529 5165.264151
Grand Total 3152.666667 4766.055556 6565.069767 11066.61905 14865 7437.943182
I have considered GARAGE to be a continuous variable as I feel it does have an impact on prices and so I have kept GARAGE for my final data set. Ultimately, I deleted CONDITIONING and LDt as there were so many missing values and if given the appropriate resources, I could have done some research to get the missing values for these two variables. Lacking the resources for this option, I decided to exclude them from the final data set as it would have an impact on the final results.
We were also asked to bin one of the continuous variables and the variable which I chose to bin is AGE. Initially, I had categorized the age in 4 groups and coded them. I coded ages 0-60 as 1, ages 61-120 as 2, ages 120-180 as 3, and ages 180-240 as 4. However when I found the outliers by running the descriptive statistics table and finding the standard deviation which helps us realize whether there are any outliers in our data set or not, the category of houses aged 180-240 had to be deleted as deleting the rows where the outliers are will make my data become more normally distributed. So in the end, I have deleted all the rows where the price was higher than 1479933, all the rows where BED were more than 6.52, all the rows where BATH were more than 5.04, all the rows where ½ bath were more than 2.67, all the ages which were more than 146, all the sq.footage which was more than 7220.5, and so on. As I am binning only AGE, I had to delete all the rows where the ages were more than 146.3. This binning strategy has enabled us to transform a continuous variable like AGE into a categorical variable and below is the frequency of this Binned age and following is the descriptive statistics table.
BINNED AGE Count of BINNED AGE Count of BINNED AGE2
1 235 95.92%
2 9 3.67%
3 1 0.41%
Grand Total 245 100.00%
Descriptive statistics on all the continuous variables:
The variables that I have considered to be continuous in my final data set are Price, Bed, Bath, ½ Bath, Age, Sq.foot, Retaxes, Acre, and Garage.
Computing frequencies of all the categorical variables:
I have computed the frequencies of the categorical variables after I deleted the rows which I consider to be outliers.
SCHOOL DISTRICT Count of SCHOOL DISTRICT Percentage
0 152.000 0.620
1 93.000 0.380
Grand Total 245.000 1.000
0= West Chester, 1= Unionvil-Chadds
From the above frequency table, we can observe that a total number of 152 houses out of 245 houses which is 62% of the total houses are located in West Chester. A total number of 93 houses which is 38% of the total of 245 houses are located in the Unionvil-Chadds. Therefore, in order for this sample to be good representative of all the population of the houses in these two districts, the distribution of the population should be the same as the distribution of the sample.
TYPE Count of TYPE Count of TYPE2
1 116 47.35%
2 91 37.14%
3 10 4.08%
4 28 11.43%
Grand Total 245 100.00%
1= Single, 2= Single detac, 3= Twin/Semi-de, 4= Row/townhouse
From the above table, it can be observed that the highest number of houses are the single houses, the second highest are single detach houses, the third are the row/townhouses and the least number of houses are the twin/semi-detach houses. The exact numbers and percentage can be seen in the above table. In order for this sample to be a good representative of the population, these frequencies should reflect the real frequencies of the population.
Lastly the frequencies of the binned age categorical variable have been presented below and table is as follows,
BINNED AGE Count of BINNED AGE Count of BINNED AGE2
1 235 95.92%
2 9 3.67%
3 1 0.41%
Grand Total 245 100.00%
1= ages 0-60, 2= ages 61-120, 3= ages 120-180
From the above table, we can observe that there are a total of 235 houses which I have considered as new houses which are 0-60 years old. There are a total of 9 houses which I have considered as mid-age houses which are 61-120 years old and there is only 1 house which I can consider to be an old house which is 120-180 years old. The other category of ages between 180-240 had to be deleted as a result of the removal of outliers. The percentage of the houses of each age group can be seen in the table above.
Correlation table and discussing at least 3 correlations:
As a general rule, we can say that if the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.7, there is a strong relationship between the two variables. If we observe the correlation table above, we can say that the variables which are highly correlated with price are SQ.FOOT, RETAXES, and GARAGE. The strong positive relationship between sq.foot and price is evident as the bigger the house is, the more is it’s price. The positive relationship between price and retaxes can also be explained. As the real estate taxes increase, the price of the houses also increase. The Garage also seems to be highly correlated to price as the number of garages increase, the price of the house also increases. Considering this to be true, the number of bedrooms could have had a higher correlation with price than the garages. The deleting of some of the rows might have had an impact on the resulting correlation coefficient. One of the variables which is negatively correlated with price is AGE. It is for sure, that the older the house is, the less is it’s cost.
Overview
From a sociological viewpoint, the analysis of health outcomes can be understood through a variety of social variables. Throughout this semester, we have covered several of these, including race, gender, and class in society. For sociologists, these variables can be correlated very strongly with longevity rates, propensities for certain types of disease, and overall rates of mortality. In this final essay, you will describe the key relationship between these social variables and health outcomes, and also engage in your own independent research in which you will come up with one meaningful example of a health issue that is impacted by these variables. This paper will conclude with your own policy opinions about what you think government can do to reduce the impact of these social variables upon these health concerns.
Instructions
Complete a 8-10 page final paper that satisfies the following three areas:
Using eight (8) key concepts covered in our readings and discussion, explain how sociologists view the relationship between the key social variables of race, gender, class and health. (For example, explain how the intersection of race, class, and gender can help us predict health related outcomes.)
After engaging in your own independent research, citing a minimum of three (3) peer-reviewed journal articles provide one meaningful example of a health problem that is clearly impacted by race, class, and gender.
Finally, detail a brief policy proposal in which you explain how government intervention may reduce the impact of race, class, and gender upon health outcomes in the United States.
The assignment should include a title page, abstract and/or table of contents, body of paper, and also works cited page. This assignment should follow the APA format. In addition to our text, you will significantly incorporate research from at least 5 meaningful up-to-date resources, two of which must be from reputable, peer-reviewed academic journals. Please check the Course Materials for more information on this homework assignment.
Don’t forget to include proper APA-style citation and reference.
As we move into more in-depth discussion of media literacy, we will continue to engage in a process of reading the media around us: CREATE AWARENESS, ASSESS, ANALYZE, EVALUATE, REFLECT COMMUNICATE, and ACT about media of all kinds. This includes print media (books, journal, newspapers, magazines, ads), visual media (art, films), and digital media (websites, databases, online magazines). This project will ask you to engage in the process to explore your use of the popular reference website, Wikipedia.
To prepare for the written portion of the assignment, choose a subject about which you consider yourself knowledgeable. Find the Wikipedia entry on that subject and print it out. (It helps to pick out a subject that has a relatively short entry; this will make the rest of the project much more manageable.) Be sure to name the topic and provide the link to the Wikipedia page in your document.
As you assess, evaluate, and analyze the article you’ve chosen, you will use this entry to follow a process of media criticism, as laid out below. PUT THE ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS IN ESSAY FORMAT (not list format).
Assessment Questions: Before you analyze your article (but after you decide on a topic), answer the following questions. Your answers will prime your brain for a more critical consideration of the article.
Why is this person, event, invention (or whatever) of such significance that it merits inclusion in an encyclopedia?
How would you break it down? What would the different sections be?
What sort of images would you include in your article?
What parts of the article might be potentially controversial? Why?
Where would you go to find and verify information for your article?
Evaluation: Paying close attention, taking notes, and researching the subject under study.
How long is the entry? Does the length seem surprising or not? (Look up a couple of articles on similar topics to help you answer this question.)
How is the entry divided into subtopics? List them.
When was it last updated? See the very last page of the entry for this information.
What information seems to be the most recent? How can you tell?
What kind of visual information (photos, graphs, tables, etc.) is included? List visual elements and explain what each adds to the entry.
Who are the experts cited in the body of the entry (if any)? List them.
Analysis & Interpretation: Discovering and focusing on significant patterns that emerge from the description stage. In the interpretive stage, we try to determine the meanings of the patterns we have analyzed. The most difficult stage in criticism, interpretation demands an answer to the “So what?” question.
What information in the article did you find the most surprising or enlightening? What information seems outdated or in need of updating? Are there aspects of the subject that seem incomplete?
Look again at the selection of topics and subtopics and how these are organized. Which aspects of the subject are emphasized by this organization? Which aspects are de-emphasized? Are there any aspects of the subject which are not adequately reflected in this organization? Which of the subtopics is most likely to be considered “controversial” by readers? How does the article treat this subtopic? What elements make the article appear to be biased toward one side or the other of any controversy? What aspects of the article contribute to a neutral point of view?
To what extent do the images selected either complement or undercut the text? Which aspects of the subject are emphasized by the images? Which aspects are de-emphasized?
What conclusions can you draw from your efforts to “fact-check” the entry? How thoroughly sourced is the entry? Are there comments which really need to be cited but are not? Which aspects of the article contribute to its general credibility? Which aspects make the article seem less credible?
Evaluation: The fourth stage of the critical process focuses on making an informed judgment. At this stage, we can grasp the strengths and weaknesses of the media under study and make critical judgments measured against our own frames of reference—what we like and dislike as well as what seems good or bad about the stories and coverage we analyzed.
How useful is this article? To whom would it be most useful? For what purpose(s) would it be most useful?
Where might this article fall short? Where would someone need to turn if he or she needs more information?
How successfully does this article maintain the Neutral Point of View, which is one of the pillars of Wikipedia culture? (“This policy states that their missions are best served not by advancing or detracting from particular points of view on any given subject, but by trying to present a fair, neutral description of the facts—including that various interpretations and points of view exist.”)
Taking Action: For the final stage of this project, you will make changes to the article, following the steps outlined below.
Choose one aspect of the article which, in your judgment, needs to be expanded or changed in some way.
List specific sources you will use in compiling information to expand the entry. For each source, list specific bibliographic information as well as specific facts or quotes you want to include from the source. Write a short (200 word) reflection on this new information.
A Reminder about Plagiarism:
Plagiarism is not tolerated—PERIOD. If any part of your project is plagiarized, you will earn a zero on this assignment and automatically fail the course. Don’t copy and paste things—that is plagiarism!
It is important that you give proper credit (in-text citation and works cited page) when you quote or paraphrase from the text. Again, if you ever have any questions about citing and quoting, just ask!
Timeline:
Tuesday, Sept. 29: in-class peer review workshop activity
Thursday, Oct. 1: regular class canceled for one-on-one instructor conferences
Sunday, Oct. 4: Wikipedia Paper is due in the Dropbox by 5.00 PM and absolutely no later. No late work is accepted.
Evaluation:
Your Wikipedia Paper is worth 15% of your final grade and 100 points. Satisfactory completion of the assignment depends on your attention to the directions and details of the assignment.
Instructions: For this second essay you may use any of the sources listed under “Assigned Readings” in this Learning Module (10). Focusing on the primary source documents write a 3-4 page paper that discusses the following questions.
* How and why did the events of the late spring and summer of 1914 ultimately move beyond the ability of government leaders to control?
* Considering the possible causes and events, was World War I inevitable? Why or why not? If inevitable, from what date or from what event was there no turning back?
* Discuss some of the big developments in this first world war, like trench warfare and women and the war effort.
* What finally brought this war to an end?
Remember: You MUST use the sources prominently in your paper and quote directly from them. You may use your textbook in a limited way, but you may NOT use any other outside sources, with the following exception:
Choose a relevant JSTOR article to help expand on your essay topic. Include useful quotes from the secondary source in your essay and earn 5 bonus points added to your final paper grade.
note: i attached my first paper. My company is Wells Fargo. My paper need to be 7 pages.
2nd Assignment: My paper need to be 7 pages
From Assignment 1, select one (1) of your proposed business actions and create an intrapreneurship plan. Remember, intrapreneurship refers to the process of promoting innovation within your workplace. You might want to review Chapter 6 for more details about intrapreneurship and creativity. The idea is to create a “business plan” to promote your idea to your supervisor.
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Every group, whether social or professional, has roles that need to be filled in order for the group to function effectively. Sometimes, people choose the role they want to play. At other times, people may naturally fall into a role without even realizing it. Research group roles or group dynamics using your online library resources, and the Internet. Write an essay on the topic. Address the following:
Write a 4-5 page essay in Word format. Apply APA standards for writing style to your work. Include a References page for any articles and websites used in your research.
Training and Development
Identify a specific organization and choose three items to illustrate the two best and the weakest form of employee training and development from the following list:
Instructions
This is part of the research paper. (Interview procedures)
My IV is Physical activity level.
My DV is Self-efficacy level.
I’ve attached an example of this paper and my survey and more part of my paper.
Total of 5 parts and Appendix B have to be included in your answer.
Who will be the interviewees? How many participants will you interview? How will you select your participants (e.g. randomly, snowball, convenience, purposive sampling) and from where? What is the rationale for this sampling strategy? Refer to your research methods books for details on how to select participants for qualitative research/interviews.
Give details of what information will be given to participants prior to participation. It is important to give the participant time to think about the study and what participation will mean for the individual. Consent is therefore sometimes requested prior to the date of the event, but most often at the time of the interview.
Describe the characteristics of the location to be sought by the interviewer for the interview to take place, such as a private place outside of the school, and what equipment and materials will be needed.
Describe the process of revision of information and gaining consent, if relevant, at the start of the interview. Make sure to include description of any incentives to be provided for participants.
Provide details of how interviews will be recorded, for example note taking or tape recording. Justify the use of the method(s) chosen.
State that the interview questions and protocol are found as an appendix. (Since your survey will be Appendix A, the protocol and interview questions will probably be Appendix B.)
Describe methods transcribing interview(s) and when this will be done.
Provide details of how you will analyze the data. (Your textbook is a great resource, but there are countless qualitative methods books you are free to use.) Be sure to cite correctly and include the citations on your Reference page.
Deliverable Length: See assignment description
You were recently hired as management director of the new I Can Business Incorporated (ICBI). You have been asked to establish policies and systems for the business. The first one you choose to work on is a financial reporting system.
For this assignment, you must develop a 4-5 page memo that you will deliver to the board of directors of ICBI. You will describe what a financial reporting system is and explain how management of ICBI should use an activity based budget instead of an operating budget. Be sure to explain the similarities and the differences of the two. Finally, give examples of budget guidelines for ICBI. You must answer the following questions:
Remember to use the library or other credible resources to support your argument. Be sure to cite your sources using the correct standard of APA.