Tag: regression

What is the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and what does it tell you about your data and the regression equation provided?

Similar to week 2, this discussion has several elements. Excel has a couple of ways to calculate the regression equation and you are going to attempt each of them in your initial post this week. We do this in the discussion environment so that students can learn the fundamentals of regression using Excel. If you have questions, check out the posts of other students who have been reviewed by Dr. Letsch and where the subject line states something about that post being Excellent or Accurate. Try to compare what they have done with what you have attempted. This work will help you succeed with the project in week 7. 1. Journalize the following terms from your textbook: Dependent Variable, Independent Variable, Regression, Regression Equation, Slope, Intercept, Pearson correlation coefficient or Rsquared, 2. In your own words, please describe and explain regression to someone with no financial background. Why would we need to calculate regression and provide someone with the regression equation? What is the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and what does it tell you about your data and the regression equation provided? 3. Determine which data set to use from one of the approved data tables (based on the first initial of your last name) in the attachment below. Copy and begin with Row 6 and the two columns of data selected for you ending with Row 32. Paste your data set to a new Excel Worksheet beginning in column A1. The data should now be on cells A1-B27. 4. With only your approved data set, starting in cell A30-A32 enter in your textual descriptions for the following functions to be placed in cells B30-B32. Determine which column is your Dependent or for Excel the Y variable and which column is your Independent or for Excel the X variable (you will need to remember these designations as you will use them a few times in this discussion. Use Excel formulas(functions) to calculate slope (=Slope), Intercept (=Intercept), and R.Squared (=RSQ) in cells B30, B31,& B32). 5. In Cell A33 enter text, “Regression Equation” and in cell B33, using the information provided in cells B30 and B31, type your regression equation. NOTE: begin with a single quote mark (‘) to tell Excel you are providing a textual formula. The cell should begin with ‘y= 6. In Excel, under the Data Tab there is a program called “Data Analysis” (same program used in week 2 for standard deviation); open the Regression input box, enter in your x and y input Range data cells, including the label row in cells A2 and B2, and check the Labels and Line Fit Blots boxes. In the Outbox Options Selection area select Output Range and Enter E2. Now copy the Excel screen (by holding down the alt key while pressing the prt sc key)then click on OK. In your worksheet, paste a copy of the Regression input box on Cell J21. Verify your calculations of Slope, Intercept, and Rsquared with your calculations in cells B30, B31, and B32. 7. Review the graph that was placed on your worksheet. Expand the size of the graph filling cells O2 to X17. Click on the data points in the middle of the graph. Right click your mouse and Add the trendline. The Format Treadline box will appear to the right of the screen. Click Display Equation on Chart. Compare this equation with the equation you drafted in #5 above. If the equation matches and your formulas in #6 above all match your Regression Summary Output beginning on cell E2, then you are finished – move to step 8 below. If not, please try to correct your work. 8. Copy your worksheet to your PC. Attach the worksheet to your discussion original answer for #2 above. 9. All items 1-7 must be completed on or before Wednesday at midnight and posted to the discussion board. Late posts will have points deducted for each day late. Do not do #1 I have the definitions from my text book. Attached is the Data Table. You will be using data table “Last Name begins with F-J” SP500/Walmart

Select an article. Using an academic database, make sure the article you choose is published by a credible journal. Discuss how the authors consider the internal and external validity of their findings.

Assignment Question

You need to upload two things to here: 1. A PDF of the research article you selected, annotated to highlight the key information about each question. 2. A document with your typed answers to the prompts below. (Mark number for each question)

Part 1. Select an article (10 PTS) Using an academic database, make sure the article you choose is published by a credible journal. Locate an article describing an empirical research study (2 POINTS) related to issues of equity and access in K-16 education (2 POINTS) that uses quantitative research methods (2 POINTS). The article must be published in a high quality peer-reviewed journal (3 POINTS), in or after 2010 (1 POINT). note: the title/abstract of your article does not need to include the words “equity and access”, that’s the general research topic. Similarly, it need not reference explicitly “K-16 education” (this just means you can review work from any level of the educational system). You may choose any article from a credible, high quality source that meets the requirement outlined above. Using an article that does not meet the requirements can substantially lower your grade in the exam.

Part 2. Review the article (40 PTS) Answer the questions below about the study described in the paper you selected. Be sure the article meets the requirements in Part 1 and provides sufficient detail to answer the questions. 1. Provide an APA-formatted reference for your article (4 PTS). 2. How do you know the article you selected is from a credible, high quality source? What key markers of journal credibility did you identify? Refer to class activity on journal credibility and be specific and thorough; saying it’s a “peer reviewed” journal is not enough (4 PTS). 3. What are the research question(s) the authors aim to answer in their study? Mark the PDF and paste a quotation and page numbers where the research questions are found (4 PTS). 4. Briefly summarize in your words what gap in the literature the study addresses. Mark the PDF and paste a quotation and page numbers where the author(s) point to this gap (4 PTS). 5. Does the study use primary or secondary data? Mark the PDF and paste one or more quotations and page numbers to justify your response (4 PTS). 6. What are the key variables involved in the study? Identify dependent and independent variables, and (if applicable)mediators/moderators and other variables. Mark the PDF and paste relevant quotations and page numbers where this information can be found (4 PTS). 7. Describe the quantitative design and analyses the authors usedto answer their questions. Be specific, what designs (e.g. descriptive, longitudinal, experimental, quasi-experimental…)and analyses (e.g. mean comparisons, correlations, regression, latent variables…)? Mark the PDF and paste 1+ quotations and page numbers to justify your response (4 PTS). 8. Briefly explain (one paragraph) which worldview(s) motivate this research. Include: o One or more quotations and page numbers to justify your response (2 PTS) and o One or more quotations from the Creswell & Creswell textbook (with page numbers) about the worldview(s)you selected (2 PTS). 9. Discuss how the authors consider the internal (2 PTS) and external (2 PTS) validity of their findings. Mark the PDF and paste quotations—or indicate if they are not considered in the paper (NOTE that authors often discuss causality or generalizability without using the exact words “internal validity” or “external validity”). 10. What limitations and unaddressed issues do the authors identify in their study? Mark the PDF and paste 1+ quotations and page numbers to justify your response (4 PTS).

Part 3. STTF Study Design (10 PTS) The UC is interested in studying the impact of the decision to end use of the SAT/ACT for admissions in 2020. Of particular interest are the concerns noted in the UC Standardized Testing Task Force (STTF) report about possible unintended negative effects on equity, access, or other relevant outcomes. Your group is tasked to design a study in this area. 1. Formulate a research question or questions you propose investigating empirically related to the issues detailed above. (You may build on question(s) posted to slack in class or discussion on 12/8, or develop new ones). Why are these questions important to address, and how are they related to the contents of the STTF report? (2 PTS) 2. Describe a research study you would conduct to offer evidence to address the research question above. Include: a. Information about research subjects, settings, and contexts where the study would be conducted (2 PTS). b. Research approach. Will you use quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods? What TYPE of approach from within those broad categories? (2 PTS) c. Key constructs or variables involved. Data collection methods and procedures (instruments, protocols…) (2 PTS) d. Are there any ethical research considerations around your study that would merit IRB review? (2 PTS)