Tuition per year

Should universities increase their tuition per year

Introduction:

I don’t support to increase tuition in a college per year.
– overall of this paper, clear state the position on this topic.
– Clear state this situation happened in every universities
– Clear state my position on this problem

Body:

Why university will increase their tuition every year
– find the data from the source I provid
– comprehensively explain why universities increase their tution
– add some my own ideas and thoughts in this part, always talk about the central position ( I don’t support tuition increased )

Students and parents reaction after increasing tuition.
-what are they thinking about
-what is the most important factor they consider
-If the tuition increase, what will happen? Stop continuing university life?
-Data and examples are from sources to support how serious it is to students and parents after increasing tuition.
-Add some my own ideas and analysis this situation for students and parents. ( I don’t support tuition increase)

Solutions for increasing tuition, strategies to deal with this tough situation.
-Provide the suggestions to students and parents.
-state this example
-benefits to students and parents
-benefits to the countries ( such as avoid losing talented people, more talented people get higher education help country do progress)
-My own ideas and analysis( such as: still some institutions help to figure this problem, encourage more students who have financial problem to go to college)

Conclusion

Summerize this problem and state my position, put it in a higher level ideas and thoughts.

Every paragraph connect tightly and logically. I mean the transition.

Sources:

http://thechoice.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/15/current-college-students-struggle-to-survive-rising-tuitions/?_r=0

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/9794262/Most-universities-to-raise-student-tuition-fees-in-2013.html

Application

Application
Assignment Write a 1- to 2-page paper in which you complete the following:
• Analyze the alignment between your personal values, motivations, and emotional intelligence skill set and those demonstrated by others in an organization in which you have worked. (You should base your assessment on a real-life situation you have experienced, but for the sake of privacy do not identify the actual name of the organization or the individuals.)
• Evaluate what could be done (or could have been done) to improve the situation, noting specific expectations for yourself, your manager, and others.
• Propose strategies for improving your intrapersonal/interpersonal skills, and provide a rationale for how this will enhance your effectiveness as a manager.

See the Week 5 Application area for complete assignment instructions.
Application

All organizations—even those that are heavily focused on technology—rely on people for their success. As a manager, it is especially important that you understand the complex intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics that drive people’s behavior in organizations.

This week’s Learning Resources address various concepts that can help you to better understand yourself and the people with whom you work. These concepts include attitudes and perceptions, motivation, values, and emotional intelligence.

In preparation for this assignment, consider the following:

•What are your core values? You may wish to review the Work Values Cards document provided in Week 2 as you evaluate this.
•What motivates you, both professionally and personally? Think of three or four instances in which you have experienced varying degrees of motivation and reflect on them in light of the motivation theories presented in the Learning Resources.
•What are your strengths and areas for development with regard to the five categories of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, social awareness, and social skills)? If possible, ask for honest feedback from at least three colleagues or others with whom you interact to help you gauge this.
•What insights about yourself can be gained from the DiSC assessment you completed in Week 4? Review your report with this week’s content in mind. What ideas does this report give you about how you perceive or prefer to interact with others? How do you think your DiSC category might be received by others?

Then, bring to mind a particular work-related experience, such as a current or previous position you have held in a health care organization. Analyze the fit between your personal values, motivations, and emotional intelligence skill set and those demonstrated by others in the organization. What do you think could be done (or could have been done) to improve the situation in the case of a misalignment? Articulate specific expectations for yourself, your manager, and others.

Also think about what you can do to leverage your strengths and improve upon areas for development in this arena. Consider how doing so would increase your effectiveness as a manager.

Write a 1- to 2-page paper in which you complete the following:

•Analyze the alignment between your personal values, motivations, and emotional intelligence skill set and those demonstrated by others in an organization in which you have worked. (You should base your assessment on a real-life situation you have experienced, but for the sake of privacy do not identify the actual name of the organization or the individuals.)

•Evaluate what could be done (or could have been done) to improve the situation, noting specific expectations for yourself, your manager, and others.

•Propose strategies for improving your intrapersonal/interpersonal skills, and provide a rationale for how this will enhance your effectiveness as a manager.
Be sure to include specific insights gained from the results from your DiSC assessment, as well as the Learning Resources.

Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students to ensure your in-text citations and reference list are correct

case study-leading and managing change

This is the Master degree subject: managing organizational change/ leading and managing change.

It requires use culture web tool to analyse the case study.

The main points that you need to cover includes:

  • The culture web tool
  • Answer the 4 questions
  • staff morale
  • job satisfaction
  • HR AND corporate culture
  • redundancy AND organisational restructure
  • workplace attitudes AND cultural change
  • impact of employee motivation
  • employee motivation OR engagement
  • remuneration in the workplace
  • reward systems
  • workplace diversity
  • Challenges in managing organisations.

It means you have to write your report (2500 words +or-10% – title page and reference list excluded in word count) using information from various journal articles and textbooks written by academics and experts on the topic of change in organisational culture, cultural web, cultural web analysis, managing dynamic organisations, change management theories, models, and frameworks which you evaluate best reflect the issues outlined in the case study.

In your report you should have citations from at least twelve (12) scholarly/peer-reviewed journal articles, & academic textbooks.   Do not reference sources such as Wikipedia.org, or other non-academic sources (.com, .net).  P.S I WANT TO ABLE TO ACCESS AND FIND THIS REFERENCES PLEASE. THANK U SO MUCH.

 

 

Case study

Assessment task 1 requires the writing of an academic report. The report should be designed as a management document that can be used to implement recommended changes. It should include a comprehensive analysis of the current situation using change management theories, models and frameworks. The report should clearly explain the various options available and analyse the consequences of these. The assignment is based on a case study that describes the impact of cultural change on business activities. The purpose of the report is to identify the roles of change in organisational culture and other challenges in managing dynamic organisations. Students are expected to engage in extensive research within the academic literature relating to organisational culture, cultural web and cultural web analysis.

Details The assessment item is based on the case study titled Transforming the Corporate Culture at Heinz Australia (pg. 61-62 of textbook). The case itself, and assignment requirements are presented in the document and can also be accessed through the course website. You should read, and carefully analyse, the case and respond to the issues presented at the end of the case study within the context of an academic report. You are required to support your argument with appropriate theoretical discussion and references.

The assignment should be a properly constructed academic report. It should contain headings and sub headings. The introduction should introduce the report, thesis statement (main

objective of the assignment) and include your argument. The main body of the assignment should present the evidence you have collected to support your arguments for the 4 questions (with headings and sub headings) and the conclusion should restate your arguments, summarise the evidence and make a conclusion regarding your arguments.

The assignment should contain a coherent, but necessarily restricted review of the academic literature on the organisational culture, change management topics in question. The literature review should be integrated into the assignment, not a separate section. A reference list formatted in the prescribed Harvard style is compulsory. Do not include a bibliography

This assessment item involves researching your assigned topic to enhance your understanding of organisational culture, change management concepts, strategies and utilisation of academic literature. Whilst you should avoid using only textbook, the prescribed textbook for the course should be cited in regard to broad change management strategies. You will be expected to present information and evidence from, and cite, at least twelve (12) relevant peer-reviewed journals or other academic references (books, book chapters etc.) (minimum requirement). Refer to your recommended readings for examples of academic journals. While you can cite these references, you must find twelve (12) peer reviewed journal articles and/ or other academic references not listed in the course materials. The quality and number of citations will demonstrate the breadth and depth of the literature used to answer the questions. Your marker is interested in the analysis that you have developed from your review of the literature and how well you use the literature to respond to the topic. Avoid presenting a descriptive account only of your readings. What is required in this assessment is a critical evaluation of the academic literature as it relates to the specific details of the case study. Your marker is interested in the conclusions that you arrive at from your evaluation of the literature and of the case study.

 

Case Study: Transforming the Corporate Culture at Heinz Australia 

The Heinz Company’s association with Australia began back in the 1880s when Heinz products were first imported from the USA to feed the American miners who came to work in the goldfields. Production first began in Australia in 1935 when Heinz (US) leased a factory in Richmond, Melbourne. During World War II, Heinz began operating a factory in Devonport and from 1943 to 1946; the company sold 86% of its production to the Commonwealth government for supply to all the armed services.

Post-war, Heinz Australia continued to expand, establishing new factories and acquiring numerous companies from the 1970s through to the 1990s. In 1998, Heinz Australia merged with Heinz-Watties, New Zealand. In 2003, the Heinz- Watties Australian business was restructured into three separate business units: HJ Heinz Australia, Tegal Foods New Zealand and Heinz-Watties New Zealand. It currently employs around 800 people in Australia and 1200 in New Zealand.

With the new restructure in 2003, Peter Widdows was appointed Managing Director of Heinz Australia and the company moved into its new head office at Southbank, Melbourne. In February 2009, Widdows was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Heinz Australia (Japan, Australia, New Zealand and Korea). The phenomenal success of Heinz in Australia and its influence on Heinz business in the Pacific region over the last six years are largely credited to the transformation of change Widdows instigated when he took over as Managing Director. As Widdows himself admits, the company was not simply at a standstill, it was going backwards. Given the US parent company’s low tolerance for unprofitable businesses, this was not a suitable position if the company was to continue operating in Australia.

When Widdows first arrived he encountered a very negative, low-risk, punitive culture. It was inward focus, where everything seems too difficult or too much effort. The emphasis seems to be on handing out punishment, rather than on rewarding success, which lead to resentment and defensiveness amongst staff. Consequently staff morale was low and turnover unacceptably high, costing around $2 million a year to replace departing staff. Based on his experiences of working in different company cultures, Widdows recognised immediately that something was deeply amiss at Heinz Australia. Key problem areas he identified by a lack of nurturing and supporting support of staff, little encouragement of new ideas, and a complex organisational structure that was causing conflict and confusion over functional and role responsibilities. Widdows moved swiftly and decisively to instigate change. Within the space of two months, he reduced salaried staff numbers by 25% and supervised the restructuring of the board; bring in new middle level board members.

Once these hard-nosed changes had been implemented, the focus moved to changing workplace attitudes and behaviours. Widdows and his senior management team sought to engage all staff, working with the mantra ‘a great place to work’. Everyone was asked for their input and ideas on what ‘a great place to work’ mean to them. Senior managers were expected to model the new behaviours to their staff and ‘walk the talk’. Widdows for his part clearly demonstrated to the senior management team how he would behave towards them and he expected them to show the same respect and willingness to listen to their own teams. After the headcount reduction of 25%, there was inevitably considerable cynicism among staff at the start of the cultural change process. However, Widdows’ commitment to building a positive, caring community in which employs ideas and contributions were taken seriously and acted upon, gradually won their trust and involvement in establishing ‘a great place to work’. Widdows directly credits the increase in the number and variety of different projects now being implemented to people’s new-found confidence and belief that they could succeed.

There were also a number of tangible results. There was an immediate increase in profits from September 2003, with Heinz recording 50% top line growth each year since the end of 2004. The success rate of new products increased significantly, with more than 200 products launched in one year. This is an outcome the company would never have considered possible before. Staff turnover has also fallen markedly from 33% in 2002 to between 7 and 10% at the time of writing, with which the company is satisfied.

The idea of ‘a great place to work’ is now an integral part of the company’s culture and influences all it undertakes. There are, for example, on-going initiatives concerned with staff health, well-being and work life balance. These include payment of gym memberships and annual medical check-ups. Another very successful initiative introduced in 2004 was the flexible working week, which includes a shorter working week during summer daylight saving hours as well as flexitime. During the months of daytime saving, staff may take Friday afternoon off once they have finished the work. There is no monitoring of staff against these, which highlights the culture of mutual trust and respect that has developed through the ‘a great place to work’ initiative.

At this stage the focus of the cultural change process at Heinz Australia is concerned with reinforcing and maintaining the new cultural mindset, making sure that the ‘great place to work’ initiative remains a potent driving force. This means constantly communicating that what the company values above all is an engaged and committed workforce, is ensuring the company is never standing still and the old complacency and negativity cannot return.

While the global financial crisis has brought many challenges, the company is in robust health and in a stronger position than most because it supplies staple foods. Widdows is well aware, however, of the challenges facing the food industry, such as the effect of large-scale commodity cost increases. For him, there is no turning back. The fact that is the ‘great place to work’ concept has now become a global Heinz initiative, together with Widdows’ promotion to CEO of Australasia confirmed he has the blessing and support of the US head office.

Task: The ‘cultural web’ is a valuable tool for assessing the cultural health of an organisation, helping to identify those aspects that are likely to support or block change. Based on the above case study write a report that answers all the four questions:

  1. Draw on each of the elements of the cultural web to discuss how the culture at Heinz Australia has changed and is continuing to evolve under Widdows’ leadership.

You should discuss your arguments using ideas, theories of corporate culture and cultural web.

  1. Based on your cultural web audit, identified the key forces for and against change.

Relate your answer to the ‘cultural web’ model.

  1. What appeared to be the key strengths of the new culture?

You may think of developing your arguments in terms of contextual changes, culture and cultural fit; ethics and the organisational changes and setting in which managers

Generally try to ensure that cultural change fits in with their environment. Relate your answer to ‘The effect of culture on strategy development and learning’

  1. What aspects of the organisation need to be monitored and sustained to ensure the organisation does not slide back into the old ways of thinking and working?

You should discuss your arguments using ideas, theories of corporate culture and significance of having engaged, committed employees with a great leader to manage the organisation.

All the answers must be written with supporting academic references

 

 

 

The outage of Fido

The topic: What happened? The fido which is Canada phone company had no network in vancouver on this Wed, the people who use the fido cell phone can not call people or receive any calls from other people. So the writer needs to write”the outage of Fido Company. and to think about if the society or individual has no network, what gonna happened, the influence for the fido customers, the impact on relationship since the phone isn’t working ”
Please use simple sentences cause the customer is from mainland of China
one course reading must be include: http://felix.openflows.com/html/Network_Theory.html

in this essay:
1. situation: describe the context, eg. what happened?
2. intervention: what did I do. eg: do survey, ask people: if the problem going for long time, what do you do. or have you think about other communication tools? after the survey, people can not believe if the problem really happened. they gonna do nothing, because digital media is all around us. so they may recommand the Fido company to do better job and protect the problem never happened again.
3. reflection

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies

Choose two (2) public corporations in an industry with which you are familiar – one (1) that has acquired another company and operates internationally and one (1) that does not have a history of mergers and acquisitions and operates solely within the U.S. Research each company on its own Website, the public filings on the Securities and Exchange Commission EDGAR database (http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml), in the University’s online databases, and any other sources you can find. The annual report will often provide insights that can help address some of these questions.

Write a paper in which you:
1. For the corporation that has acquired another company, merged with another company, or been acquired by another company, evaluate the strategy that led to the merger or acquisition to determine whether or not this merger or acquisition was a wise choice. Justify your opinion.
2. For the corporation that has not been involved in any mergers or acquisitions, identify one (1) company that would be a profitable candidate for the corporation to acquire or merge with and explain why this company would be a profitable target.
3. For the corporation that operates internationally, briefly evaluate its international business-level strategy and international corporate-level strategy and make recommendations for improvement.
4. For the corporation that does not operate internationally, propose one business-level strategy and one corporate-level strategy that you would suggest the corporation consider. Justify your proposals.

Linear Programming

Answer the following questions using APA format with in-text citations:
1. What benefit would be gained by utilizing linear programming (LP) for marketing research?
2. Discuss and provide a basic example of how LP can be used for marketing and/or consumer research.

Human Diversity and Generalist Social Work Practice LGBT Community

SW3051 – Human Diversity and Generalist Social Work Practice
Final Assignment

Purpose:
This assignment is designed to provide you with the opportunity to reflect upon, expand, and synthesize what you have learned about cultural awareness, diversity and social work practice over the course of this semester. (EPAS 4A, 5A, 5B, 5C, 8A/GenEd Core – knowledge integration, information literacy, social responsibility.)

Description:
For this assignment, you will build upon what you already know about a culture, ethnic, or racial group of interest to you. You will examine the strengths of this particular group. You will describe how cultural influences may have an impact on how individuals and families give meaning to their experiences here in the United States. You will examine social policy at the local, state, and/or federal level that has a direct or indirect impact on individuals of this particular cultural, ethnic, or racial group.

Your Task:
For this assignment, you will:
• Select and research a particular cultural, ethnic, racial group with which you are unfamiliar and may encounter in your Social Work practice.
1. Explore how this group has fared here in the US.
2. What social policies have been or are currently being written to address the needs or limit the possibilities for this particular group?
3. Are these social policies likely to advance or inhibit social justice?
1. Select one current piece of social policy legislation that you are willing to support or oppose.
2. Identify a short term intervention that requires action on your part and then take it!
3. Write a brief description of the action you took and the response you observed/experienced.
• Create a 1-page handout for your colleagues in class, describing what you think will be helpful for them to know when interacting with clients from this particular culture. In this handout, include a brief “How-to-avoid-stereotyping” component.

Final Paper
Part One
Select any cultural, ethnic, or racial group of interest to you. The only criterion for your selection is that this group is one with which you are unfamiliar. Research to increase your understanding of this particular group. You may want to consider questions such as: ( People with Disabilities)
• Is this particular group increasing or decreasing in numbers here in the US? What factors are contributing to this increase or decrease?
• What strengths do you see as particularly significant for this group?
• How might the worldview and values of this group align with the values that are espoused here in the US? Please pay attention to areas of similarity and difference!
• What are the common misconceptions that many Americans seem to have about this group disabilities? How do you think these misconceptions came to be accepted people with disabilities?
• How do the popular media portray this particular group? Is the image portrayed by the media balanced, positive, negative? Can you identify stereotyping, distortions, and/or efforts to correct misunderstandings?

Part Two
Investigate social policy that has had or will have an impact on the quality of life for the group you are studying. How are these policies likely to improve the quality of life for this group? Or, are these policies likely to keep social and economic injustice alive and well?
• Find and summarize in your own words at least two social policies that are having or will have a direct impact on the group you are learning about.
• Do you support or oppose these policies? Why?

Part Three
Make a commitment, take action!
• Write a letter that you will send either in support or opposition to the social policy you are targeting. Please be sure to include the name of the individual(s) who are involved in the implementation or legislation of this policy.
o We believe that marriage should be legal for everyone because of our civil rights
• Describe why you are in support or opposition to this policy. Articulate a respectful, thoughtful, well-informed case for your position!
o We would like to write and email to our sin to let him know how we feel about gay marriage
o We think sin should address gay marriage and low the people say if they want to be marriage or not we should not have the right tell anyone who they can or can marriage it not right.

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LGBT Rights
Lesbian Gay Bisexual & Transgender Project
The LGBT Project works for an America free of discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. This means an America where LGBT people can live openly, where our identities, relationships and families are respected, and where there is fair treatment on the job, in schools, housing, public places, health care, and government programs. More»
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If you’ve been mistreated or harassed based on sexual orientation, gender identity, or HIV status, the ACLU wants to hear about it.
Report LGBT/HIV Discrimination »

The mission of the ACLU LGBT Project is the creation of a society in which lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people enjoy the constitutional rights of equality, privacy and personal autonomy, and freedom of expression and association.
MAKE A DIFFERENCE
Your support helps the ACLU defend LGBT rights and a broad range of civil liberties.
GIVE NOW
The ACLU has a long history defending the LGBT community. We brought our first LGBT rights case in 1936 and founded the LGBT Project in 1986. The ACLU’s LGBT rights strategy is based on the belief that fighting for the society we want means not just persuading judges and government officials, but ultimately changing the way society thinks about LGBT people. To end discrimination, the ACLU seeks both to change the law and to convince Americans that sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination is wrong. The ACLU carries out this work in five priority areas: Basic Rights and Liberties, Parenting, Relationships and Marriage, Youth and Schools, and Transgender Discrimination.
Today the ACLU brings more LGBT cases and advocacy initiatives than any other national organization. With our reach into the courts and legislatures of every state, there is no other organization that can match our record of making progress both in the courts of law and in the court of public opinion.
Basic Rights and Liberties
The ACLU works to ensure that LGBT people have equal opportunity to participate fully in civil society. No LGBT person should experience discrimination in employment, housing, or in businesses and public places, or the suppression of their free expression or privacy rights. The ACLU seeks new laws against discrimination in states and at the federal level, and resists all attempts to weaken the impact of existing nondiscrimination laws. With the repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” our current federal priority is passage of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.
Parenting
Fighting restrictions on parenting by LGBT people is critical because this discrimination causes serious, enduring harm to the lives of LGBT people and their children. The ACLU challenges policies and laws that prevent qualified and caring LGBT people from foster parenting or adopting kids. We also strive to change laws or practices that interfere in custody and visitation relationships between LGBT parents and their children. Our work debunks myths about the undesirability of same-sex couples raising children – myths often heard in the nationwide debate over marriage.
Relationships and Marriage
The ACLU believes that LGBT people, like everyone else, should have the freedom to build the kinds of personal, intimate relationships most meaningful to them without risking that their families will be disregarded or harmed by the state. Our goal is to obtain full recognition of same-sex relationships through marriage, in every state and at the federal level. In some states, the ACLU works for domestic partnership protections as a first step towards the full recognition and complete protections offered only by marriage.
Youth and Schools
The Youth and Schools program strives to make public schools and other state institutions for young people safe and bias-free for LGBT kids and teachers. We team up with students to fight for their free expression rights, to establish gay-straight alliances, and to advocate that LGBT kids be able to attend school dances with same-sex dates and dressed in gender nonconforming ways if they choose. We believe that all kids should be taught in an environment respectful of their sexual orientation and gender identity.
Discrimination against Transgender People
The ACLU strives to eliminate discrimination against transgender and gender nonconforming people and to create a society in which the full range of gender identities and expressions is respected and affirmed. We focus our efforts on ending discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodations, parenting, and schools. We also challenge legal barriers to transgender people obtaining government identity documents appropriate for their gender identity. Through our legal work, we help transgender people better understand their emerging legal rights and develop public education campaigns to persuade the general public about the importance of treating transgender people fairly.
Additional Resources
Out for Freedom: We now face an unprecedented opportunity to achieve the freedom to marry for same-sex couples throughout the country.
LGBT & AIDS Project Cases: Here you’ll find overviews, case documents, and the latest news on all of our ongoing, as well as concluded litigation.
ACLU and the History of LGBT Rights & HIV/AIDS: Beginning with our defense of The Children’s Hour, a play banned in 1936 for a suggested lesbian relationship, this comprehensive timeline illustrates the ACLU’s long history of protecting the rights of LGBT Americans (scheduled to be updated soon).
Windsor v. United States: Edie Windsor Challenges DOMA: Our challenge to Section 3 of the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA).
LGBT Youth and Schools Library: Some of the best information from the ACLU and other organizations on students’ rights and what you can do to make your school a safer, more welcoming place.
Too High a Price: The Case Against Restricting Gay Parenting: The updated second edition of “Too High a Price: The Case Against Restricting Gay Parenting,” compiles decades of social science research, the positions of the major child health and welfare organizations, and government data to show how children are hurt by restrictions on parenting by lesbians and gay men.
Transgender People and the Law: Frequently Asked Questions: This online guide is intended to help you better understand what legal rights transgender people now have throughout the country.
The Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA): Learn more about ENDA, pending federal legislation that would ban employment discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.
https://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights

LGBT stereotypes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. (January 2012)

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The Dykes on Bikes motorcycle group in a pride parade, exhibiting a stereotype of butch lesbians.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people are associated with certain stereotypes – conventional, formulaic generalizations, opinions, or images based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. Stereotypical perceptions may be acquired through interactions with parents, teachers, peers and the mass media,[1] or, more generally, through a lack of firsthand familiarity, resulting in an increased reliance on generalizations.[2]
Negative stereotypes are often associated with homophobia, lesbophobia, biphobia, or transphobia.[3] Positive stereotypes, or counterstereotypes, also exist, but may still be hurtful or harmful.[4][5]
Contents
[hide]
• 1 Lesbians
• 2 Gay men
o 2.1 Appearance and mannerisms
o 2.2 Sex and relationships
o 2.3 Sex and drugs
o 2.4 Pedophilia and predation
• 3 Bisexual people
• 4 Transgender people
o 4.1 Transsexualism
o 4.2 Transvestites
• 5 See also
• 6 References
Lesbians[edit]

Actress Portia de Rossi came out as a lesbian in the early 2000s.
Lesbian is a term widely used in the English language to describe a female with sexual and/or romantic attraction toward other females.[6] The word may be used as a noun, to refer to a woman who identifies herself, or is characterized by others, as having the primary attribute of female homosexuality; or as an adjective, to characterize an object or activity related to or associated with lesbianism.[7]
Typically, lesbians are thought to be “butch”, dressing in a more masculine manner than other women. “Dykes” (a pejorative term that the LGBT community has reclaimed, to an extent) are considered members of a community that is perceived as being composed of strong and outspoken advocates in wider society.[8] Actress Portia de Rossi has been credited for significantly countering the general societal misconception of how lesbians look and function when, in 2005, she divulged her sexual orientation in intimate interviews with Details and The Advocate which generated further discussion on the concept of the “lipstick lesbian” (“femme” women who tend to be “hyper-feminine”).
Many stereotypes of female homosexuality are seen through filters that men generally control, including the content of any lesbian history that has been relayed over time, the writers often being male.[9] Consequently, the varied meanings of the term lesbian, some of which have been introduced by male sources since the early 20th century, have prompted some historians to revisit historic same-sex relationships between women – that is, relationships that were formed prior to the popular usage of the term, whereby lesbian is defined primarily by erotic proclivities.
Lesbian feminists assert that a sexual component is unnecessary for a woman to declare herself a lesbian if her primary and closest relationships are with women, on the basis that, when considering past relationships within an appropriate historic context, there were times when love and sex were separate and unrelated notions.[10] In 1989, an academic cohort called the Lesbian History Group wrote:
“Because of society’s reluctance to admit that lesbians exist, a high degree of certainty is expected before historians or biographers are allowed to use the label. Evidence that would suffice in any other situation is inadequate here… A woman who never married, who lived with another woman, whose friends were mostly women, or who moved in known lesbian or mixed gay circles, may well have been a lesbian. … But this sort of evidence is not ‘proof’. What our critics want is incontrovertible evidence of sexual activity between women. This is almost impossible to find.”[11]
In more general terms, the representation of female sexuality in texts and documents has been described as inadequate. As of 2012, much of what has been documented about women’s sexuality has been written by men, with any significant exceptions published in recent years. Critics have stated that those works written by men have been constructed within the context of a male understanding of female sexuality, and reinforce notions of women as wives, daughters or mothers.[12]
Gay men[edit]

The contrast between a twink and a bear can be seen in this group of men in the Capital Gay Pride parade in Albany, New York in June 2009. The young blond (center), Naked Boy News host J.Son Dinant, is generally considered twink-ish because of his slender build and overall youthful appearance, while the man on the right, porn star Manuel Torres would generally be considered a bear because of his stocky build and body hair.[13][14]
Homosexual men are often equated interchangeably with heterosexual women by the heterocentric mainstream and are frequently stereotyped as being effeminate,[15] despite the fact that gender expression, gender identity and sexual orientation are widely accepted to be distinct from each other.[16] The “flaming queen” is a characterization that melds flamboyance and effeminacy, remaining a gay male stock character in Hollywood.[17] Theatre, specifically Broadway musicals, are a component of another stereotype, the “show queen”,[18] generalizing that all gay men listen to show tunes and are involved with the performing arts, and are theatrical, overly dramatic, and campy.
The bear subculture of the LGBT community is composed of generally large, hairy men, referred to as bears.[19][20] They embrace their hypermasculine image, and some will shun more effeminate gay men, such as twinks.
Appearance and mannerisms[edit]
Gay men are often associated with a lisp and/or a feminine speaking tone.[21][22] Fashion, effeminacy, and homosexuality have long been associated, stereotypes often being based on the visibility of the reciprocal relationship between gay men and fashion.[23] Designers, including Dolce & Gabbana, have made use of homoerotic imagery in their advertising. Some commentators argue this encourages the stereotype that most gay men enjoy shopping.[24] A limp wrist is also a mannerism associated with gays.[25]
Sex and relationships[edit]

Gay men on a pride parade float in Rome.
A prevalent stereotype about gay men is that they are promiscuous and are either unwilling or unable to have enduring or long-term relationships. However, several surveys of gay men in the United States have shown that between 40% and 60% are involved in a steady relationship, and that many others are single, but have the intention of becoming involved only in monogamous relationships.[26][better source needed] Research also suggests that lesbians may be slightly more likely than gay men to be in steady relationships.[27][28] In terms of unprotected sex, a 2007 study cited two large population surveys as showing that “the majority of gay men had similar numbers of unprotected sexual partners annually as straight men and women.”[29][30]
Another persistent stereotype associated with the male homosexual community is partying. Before the Stonewall riots in 1969, most LGBT people were extremely private and closeted, and house parties and, later, bars and taverns became one of the few places where they could meet, socialize, and feel safe. The riots represented the start of the modern LGBT social movement and acceptance of sexual and gender minorities has steadily increased since. Generally festive and party-like social occasions remain at the core of organizing and fundraising in the LGBT community. In cities where there are large populations of LGBT people, benefits and bar fundraisers are still common, and alcohol companies invest heavily in LBGT-oriented marketings.[citation needed] Ushered in by underground gay clubs and disc jockeys, the disco era kept the “partying” aspect vibrant and ushered in the more hardcore circuit party movement, hedonistic and associated with party and play.[31]
The relationship between gay men and female heterosexual “fag hags” has become highly stereotypical. The accepted behaviors in this type of relationship can predominantly include physical affections (such as kissing and touching), as in the sitcom Will & Grace.[32]
Sex and drugs[edit]
The term party and play (PNP) is used to refer to subculture of gay men who use recreational drugs and have sex together, either one-on-one or in groups. The drug of choice is typically methamphetamine, known as crystal or tina in the gay community. Other “party drugs” such as MDMA and GHB are less associated with this term. While PNP probably has its genesis in the distinct subculture of methamphetamine users, and is most associated with its use, it has become somewhat generalized to include partying with other drugs thought to enhance sexual experiences, especially MDMA, GHB, and cocaine.
A report from the National HIV Prevention Conference (a collaborative effort by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other governmental and non-government organizations) describes PNP as “sexual behavior under the influence of crystal meth or other ‘party’ drugs.” [33] It has been referred to as both an “epidemic” and a “plague” in the gay community.[34][35] British researchers report that up to 20% of gay men from central London gyms have tried methamphetamine, the drug most associated with PNP,[36] despite methamphetamine use being relatively unknown in the UK outside the PNP subculture.[37]
Extreme sex or bondage is also a stereotype in gay men. People often presume that that gay men often conform to the stereotype of leather and chaps including fisting.
Pedophilia and predation[edit]
It is a common stereotype that gay men are sexual predators and/or pedophiles.[38] The former perception can lead to “gay panic”, usually in straight men, who fear being hit on by gay men, and can be either a cause or an expression of homophobia.[39] The perception that a greater proportion of gay than straight men are pedophiles is one contributing factor to discrimination against gay teachers despite the stark contrast to statistical figures, which have generally revealed that upwards of 80–90% of male pedophiles are heterosexual and usually married with children of their own,[40][41] and actual figures on pedophilic acts show that most instances (generally over 90%) of child sexual abuse are perpetrated by heterosexual males having non-consensual sexual intercourse with underage females.[42][43]
Bisexual people[edit]
See also: Bisexual erasure and Monosexism

Rock musician and personality David Bowie became one of the world’s most famous bisexual people when he came out in 1972.[44]
Bisexuality is romantic or sexual attraction to males and females,[45][46][47] though numerous related terms, such as pansexual and polysexual, also fit this description. People who have a distinct but not exclusive preference for one sex over the other may also identify themselves as bisexual.[48] Bisexuality has been observed in various human societies[49] and elsewhere in the animal kingdom[50][51][52] throughout recorded history. The term bisexuality, like the terms heterosexuality and homosexuality, was coined in the 19th century.[53]
Woody Allen is quoted saying, “Being bisexual doubles your chance of a date on Saturday night.”[54] Common bisexual stereotypes include an inability to maintain a steady relationship (based on a perception that bisexuals are promiscuous because of their attraction for both genders),[54] and indecision as to whether one is gay or straight (which assumes a binary, either-or spectrum of sexuality). Over a person’s life their sexual desires and activities may vary greatly.[48] In 1995, Harvard Shakespeare professor Marjorie Garber made the academic case for bisexuality with her Vice Versa: Bisexuality and the Eroticism of Everyday Life, in which she argued that most people would be bisexual if not for “repression, religion, repugnance, denial, laziness, shyness, lack of opportunity, premature specialization, a failure of imagination, or a life already full to the brim with erotic experiences, albeit with only one person, or only one gender.”[55]
Rock musician David Bowie famously declared himself bisexual in an interview with Melody Maker in January 1972, a move coinciding with the first shots in his campaign for stardom as Ziggy Stardust.[56] In a September 1976 interview with Playboy, Bowie said, “It’s true, I am a bisexual. But I can’t deny that I’ve used that fact very well. I suppose it’s the best thing that ever happened to me.”[57] In a 1983 interview he said it’s “the biggest mistake [he had] ever made”,[58][59] in 2002 elaborating: “I don’t think it was a mistake in Europe, but it was a lot tougher in America. I had no problem with people knowing I was bisexual. But I had no inclination to hold any banners or be a representative of any group of people. I knew what I wanted to be, which was a songwriter and a performer […] America is a very puritanical place, and I think it stood in the way of so much I wanted to do.”[44]
Transgender people[edit]
Transgender is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide range of people with more specific identities. In general, a person who is transgender self-identifies with a gender other than their biological sex. The term may apply to any number of distinct communities, such as cross-dressers, drag queens, and drag kings, in addition to transsexuals.[60] The beliefs that transgendered people are all prostitutes and caricatures of men and women are two of many erroneous misconceptions.[61]
Transsexualism[edit]
A transsexual is a person born with the physical characteristics of one sex who psychologically and emotionally belongs to a variant or different gender to their physical sex characteristics.[62][63] Stereotypes of trans women include that they are generally taller than cisgender women, and that they may have larger, more masculine hands.[64]
Transvestites[edit]
Transvestites are often assumed to be homosexuals. The word transvestism comes from the combination of Latin words trans meaning “across, over” and vestitus meaning dressed.[65] Most transvestites are heterosexual.[66] Transvestism may have a fetishistic component, whereas cross-dressing does not, although many people use the words interchangeably.[67]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_stereotypes

Top 10 gay stereotypes that need to stop
10. Using the word ‘fag’

Using the word ‘fag.’ It’s not appropriate because you have a gay friend–like that’s a reason to do anything. Ever. Just stop. Seriously. If you have a gay friend, you can buy your gay friend a Christmas present. You can take your gay friend out for lunch. You can introduce him to people. But you can’t call him fag. You don’t get the pass to do that just because you know somebody gay, so you better stop using that word before I kick you in the shins.

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p

Author: Alida Nugent

9. What’s with all the snapping.

The three snaps in a row is dead. Long live the ‘bitch, please.’

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p

Author: Alida Nugent
8. The phrase “Girlfriend”

Oh, wow. It’s not the nineties anymore. You can call somebody your girlfriend in conversation. You cannot sassily use a tone while saying girlfriend unless you want to be stuck in the now defunct UPN network for all eternity. Nobody says girlfriend any longer.

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p

Author: Alida Nugent
7. The burning in eternal hellfire

This getting a little old, don’t you think? If there IS a hell, I’d doubt one goes there just because they made out with some hottie at Splash NYC. It just doesn’t seem reasonable when there are so many people who chop off people’s fingers, hurt dogs, or manipulate currency markets. Plus, where would Satan keep all of those college girls who “experimented?” It just seems kind of silly at this point. If there is a heaven, it would be me and my gay guy friends sitting in an air conditioned apartment sipping margaritas. Case closed.

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p

Author: Alida Nugent

6. The Broadway thing

Yeah, who didn’t see Rent on Broadway when they were in High School. However, lots of gay guys have no idea what Wicked is, unless if it’s describing a Bostonian’s way of saying something is cool. Lots of straight guys like watching Broadway, too. It’s just a crazy world of people walking down the street and breaking out into song.

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p

Author: Alida Nugent
5. The promiscuous sex

Oh come on. We’re mammals and we all like having sex from time to time. Gay men are no exception. They also like finding someone to settle down with (we’re looking at your statements, “matchmaker” Patti Stanger). It’s not just a big gay orgy happening 24/7–give us a great gay couple on TV, please.

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p

Author: Alida Nugent

4. All gays love Lady Gaga

There are lots of gay Little Monsters, after all, but haven’t you ever heard of a gay guy who thinks Britney Spears is this sovereign? Or Rihanna? Hell, there are gay dudes who don’t even LIKE dance music. They get their groove on to Vampire Weekend, Coldplay, or whatever. Mix up your dance mix a bit, why don’t you? Put on some damn Ke$ha and Minaj, for goodness sakes!

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p

Author: Alida Nugent
3. The Lisp

A lisp is a speech impediment. It doesn’t have any impact on your sexuality–just like stutters or limps don’t make you gay or straight, neither do lisps.

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p

Author: Alida Nugent

2. Gays hate sports

Oh, please- my GBF went to the finals in his touch football league, can turn anybody into a Jets fan, and is a faster runner than any straight man I know.

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p

Author: Alida Nugent

1. Enough with the feather boas and black turtlenecks

We get it, comedy sketches and sitcoms- gay people have a ‘flair for fashion.’ But why is it always the most ridiculous clothing when it’s a gay character? Haven’t you seen urban gays lately–they’re all about beautiful blazers, Gucci loafers, and fantastic patterns. Lose the billowing scarves, sleeveless t-shirts, and mesh tank tops. Stop making gay men look like how I used to dress my Ken dolls (I had one Ken doll who only wore a boa and an ascot).

We love the gay community. So much that we have an all new season of GIRLS WHO LIKE BOYS WHO LIKE BOYS, Fridays at 9p
Author: Alida Nugent
http://www.sundancechannel.com/top-ten/top-ten-gay-stereotypes-that-should-stop#/10

Business Law

Access the textbook Fundamentals of Business Law (the book is available in full chapters in the account) at my account on Cengagebrain

PERSUASIVE ESSAY OF METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OBJECTS

Art Before the Modern,
Paper #2 Guidelines

To complete this assignment, you must visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art website, www.metmuseum.org . You will browse through the different departments and choose two artworks from the period we have studied Greek,ROMAN, NEAR EAST, BYZANTINE,Gothic.

Spend a generous amount of time looking at them and reading the descriptions and associated timeline essays. Choose two artworks that seem interestingly related and address one of the conceptual issues taken up by the articles we have read this semester. You may want to explore spiritual battle, for example or representation of political power.

A persuasive essay will be well-written, carefully organized and edited, and contain the following components:

An introduction that clearly identifies the title, date, size and materials of the artworks. You should also provide some general historical information. For instance, who or what does the artwork depict? Have you learned anything about its original location and purpose? Your introduction should end with a statement of the argument you are making. What do you hope to prove?
The bulk of your paper should be devoted to a thorough formal analysis that proves how the appearance of the two artworks address the chosen issue. Describe the artworks in detail, progressing from their general appearance to more specific features. Consider a variety of issues, including technique, composition, volume, line, texture, degrees of realism or idealization, etc as evidence for the argument you are making. For example, you may have chosen two religious works that show either humility or battle in the face of temptation through their formal composition.
In conclusion, summarize how your Metropolitan artworks are representative of the culture(s) that created them and their attitude toward your theme. In other words, do the artworks conform to the general appearance of your periods? Or do they deviate from those standards?

This assignment is not a research paper. Your lecture notes, textbook and the assigned articles should provide sufficient contextual information for an effective analysis of the Metropolitan artworks. But any quotes or paraphrased statements must be cited in footnotes or endnotes.