Author: chris

Reflective Essay

Jig did not have an abortion because of several reasons. It can be clearly seen that Jig was very angry when the man was trying to convince her to have an abortion to a point where she warned the man that she is going to scream if he continued talking about the abortion again. Additionally, Jig did not have the abortion because she has noticed that nothing can bring back the happiness that they had before even abortion since their relationship had changed completely. Moreover, I do not think that she had an abortion because she has been trying to avoid the topic all the time to appoint where she had to go move away from the man. Lastly, after she had relaxed alone at the table while the American man was picking the bags before the train arrived, at the end Jig says that she is fine. This means that she is not going to have the abortion.

 

Critique of Report on “Nurses’ Views on Challenging Doctors’ Practice in an Acute Hospital”

Summary of the Article

The report on Nurses’ Views on Challenging Doctors’ Practice in an Acute Hospital by Churchman and Doherty was well researched. The report gives clear indications on what is happening in the medical field and particularly on relations between the doctors and the nurses. The report is quite comprehensive as it involves analysis of the interaction between doctors and nurses from a two-sided perspective. This gave the report the credibility that it required most.

Identification of Report Elements

On documentation of participants, the report is trustworthy, as this has been done comprehensively. According to the report, all the participants had an inclusive all rounded interview (Churchman & Doherty, 2010). These interviews were recorded giving the report a support base for its findings. Based on this fact, this report can be said to be credible as it is a product of in-depth analysis of these recordings. The participants in the interviews were twelve nurses who were mainly middle-aged. The recording of the interview conversations was done with utmost good faith. This was to ensure that the disclosed information would not harm the reputation, status or position of the respondents. The identity of the respondents was concealed but their views were recorded. Exhaustive information was obtained from the respondents through this platform thus ensuring efficiency. Respondents answered the questions without fear of intimidation from their seniors.

The report, though comprehensive, fails to incorporate the views of the male nurses in addition to their female counterparts. These means that part of the affected parties were excluded from participation in the research. It is also not substantive to come up with conclusions that are based on analysis on one health center as a case study. However, it is notable that the can be considered as credible thanks to the openness and the willingness of participants to contribute. According to the report, interviews were only carried out on those that volunteered. This partly explains why most males turned down the interviews.

The decision to use interviews has worked well for the research. Through these interviews, first-hand information is obtained from the respondents. This cushions the study from biased information that would be obtained if the researchers were to get this information using other methods. The credibility of information and findings arrived at is not in doubt as the data is obtained right from the field (Rubin & Rubin, 2005).

Strengths and weaknesses of article

On descriptive vividness, the report was very clear with an in-depth analysis of descriptions used. The report gives clear connections between the various aspects described in the study. Through these descriptions, the report makes it easy for the audience to understand the discussion at hand and make easy to connect various issues discussed. The descriptions given at the top of the report has worked well in aiding the audience to understand the report in its entirety. Through this report, the audience has been able to get to understand the status of the medical field before critically analyzing the same. This provides an overview through which the audience is able to follow up the unveilings and final position of the report (Churchman & Doherty, 2010). These descriptions also seek to qualify the correctness of the findings.

The report can be said to be a success as it incorporates effective research methodology. The use of participants from the medical field is definitely a clear indication of the real picture on the ground. This involves interviews on the affected persons that are mostly the nurses. Specific cases given in the report gives the report credibility and cements the arguments of the participants in the research. The interviews carried out were mainly made up of open ended and situational questions that resulted in getting in-depth information of the situation in the medical profession (Churchman & Doherty, 2010).

This report can be said to have an extended ethical consideration. Through the analysis, the report puts into mind the need to have all gender represented in the medical profession. This is demonstrated by its proposal to have educational systems changed to accommodate more women in the higher medical learning levels. This would probably provide the best platform through which gender inequality is dealt with as far as doctors are concerned. The report is however, ethically incorrect as it fails to incorporate views from doctors. This is very unfortunate given that doctors are part of the conflict that is being discussed. Failure to have their thoughts put in place lowers the credibility of the report. Failure to have males as participants has also not worked well for the research. While this is a great limitation to the research, it was inevitable as most of them were not ready to testify over this issue.

The report is a product of an in-depth analysis of the relations between nurses and doctors in a given hospital. This report is not just out of guesswork or speculation as it has the support of materials that include actual figures. This means that the report can easily be audited to quantify the correctness of the contents contained in it. To quantify its arguments, the report on this study has provided figures on the participants, in addition to how they responded to the interviews. Through these figures, it is easier for one to come up with conclusions on the relations between nurses and doctors.

The report has demonstrated how precise, yet inclusive, a research report can be. The paper seems to be having less quantity of words yet the matters covered in the research are wide. This is demonstrated by the use of short inferences to interviews and responses from participants. These responses, however short they may seem, gives the paper more credibility as it is evidence based. Quotations from some of the participants in the study are meant to reinforce the credibility of the study making its conclusions to be more believable (Churchman & Doherty, 2010). The report has not just left the audience to have their own conclusions but it has helped in analyzing the outcome of the research. This has made work of the audience far much easier as they get to understand more on reasons for the status in the medical field.

From a philosophical perspective, men are usually led by supremacy and ego that makes them see women as weaker beings. Even when the female participants are correct, they are likely to twist matters to go their way so that they may look as if they are the ones that determine every success step. This might not always be true as has been found by the report. As pointed out in the report, men would want all work that successful to be attributed to their good work and leadership (Churchman & Doherty, 2010). This is well brought out from the interviews where nurses who are mostly women are not recognized, as all success is attributed to the doctors who comprise mostly of men. This in one way or the other discourages innovation, as nurses feel unappreciated. The report demonstrates that nurses are willing to criticize doctors and correct them whenever they are wrong. However, given the structural imbalance, they would not dare do this. They have no framework to support them, as their jobs would be on the line (Rubin & Rubin, 2005). This explains why they have to keep on playing games and treat doctors like gods, as they are the policy makers.

Knowledge supremacy is what mainly brings about the difference between doctors and nurses. Doctors, having higher educational levels, believe that they have better knowledge than the nurses do. This, as pointed out in the report, results in perception that nurses are just but hands maids to doctors (Churchman & Doherty, 2010). The report has reflected this fact in a very clear way. This is through the data provided where nurses with longer service in the industry are twice more likely to challenge the work of doctors than are nurses that have worked for a shorter period.

Implications of the article

The report is very relevant to the historic activities as far as health care and male dominance is concerned. Since time immemorial, women have been playing a subordinate role in almost all matters affecting the society. Most of these are propagated by societal structural arrangements that sustain this status. For instance, men are provided with better environment through which they are able to learn and get to higher learning levels in the medical field. This leaves most women to the lower levels such as nursing. The nurses are structurally pinned down by the policies that cushion the males, who are mostly doctors, from any blame. The dominance of males in management levels makers them become untouchable. Being bosses, they cannot be easily corrected even when it seems that they are wrong. This is a very strong support to the reports arguments that male dominance in management is what kills innovation and contribution from nurses. Use of historical information has helped boost the justification of given arguments such as that on gender imbalance and structural discrimination.

Male dominance in the doctoral sector is a great threat to success in the medical field. This has been well brought out by the paper through the outcomes of interviews carried out. According to the report, the male gender dominates in the doctor’s profession leaving many women to get to nursing positions. This according to the report has resulted in many nurses that happen to be female to feel inferior hence reducing their contributions to the medical practice even whenever they seem to be better than the nurses (Churchman & Doherty, 2010).

Policies in the medical profession happen to be a hindrance in allowing nurses to have their contributions taken in. According to the report, many nurses would only confine their objection or contrary opinion to that of the doctors only on matters of procedure, and this is supported by organizational policies. This leaves much of would be positive contribution by the nurses running down the drain. Challenges facing nursing as a profession need to be addressed before they get out of hand. Given that they are a major part of stakeholders in the medical field, there is need for them to be considered in terms of making decisions that affect the field. From the report, it is clear that nurses are discouraged as they are treated in a manner to suggest that they add very little to medical practice, which is not the case.

References

Churchman J. J., & Doherty, C. (2010). Nurses’ views on challenging doctors’ practice in an acute hospital. Nursing Standard, 24(40), 42-47.

Rubin H. J., &Rubin, I. S. (2005). Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data. London: Sage Publications

Homosexuality

Introduction

Homosexuality can best be described, as the expression of sexual desire towards a member of ones own sex. A lesbian is termed as a female homosexual (Ojeda, 2004). In the current times, the term gay is most often used to determine both sexes that are homosexuals. Homosexuality is not a rational discussion. To some people, the practice is a perfectly acceptable lifestyle. Most of the others believe it to be an anathema; it is genetic or it is a choice made by the homosexual. Some even believe that homosexuality can be cured.

Is it a choice or generic?

A question most often debatable is if homosexuality is a choice or it is generic. In the domain of medical science, sexuality and sexual orientations are seen to be the most complex of questions most often asked. Researchers have studied that the probability of each twin being homosexual is relatively true (Ojeda, 2004). This is however not the case for identical twins; this is one of the arguments that supports the genetic aspect of homosexuality. However, this research is not valid because in families with adopted brothers, homosexuality was more frequent than the general society rate. The study on hormones and other structures conclude that the possible cause of homosexuality is biological but not genetic. There is a known difference between heterosexuals and homosexuals; it is not determined if this differences cause homosexuality or a result to homosexuality. Sociology and psychological reasons are found to be quite substantial evidence for that homosexuality is developed. It is seen as something you grow into.

Homosexuality is seen as multi-causal and complex. Many factors contribute to the development of same sex attraction. Researchers agree that the gay gene is a combination of the social, psychological and biological factors. Some psychologists consider that areas of the brain controlling sexual desires may be affected by hormone irregularities while the child is still in the womb. Other psychologists relate to it as failing to identify properly with other members of the same sex or with the parent of the same sex. A person’s sexual orientation is set by the time he is or she is either four or five years (Ojeda, 2004). Theories seek to explain homosexuality but a person’s sexual acts are always in a realm of choice unless it is a rape case or molestation.

Human choice is an outstanding factor that has led to the development of same sex attraction. However, how one decides on his or her sexual orientation does not revolve around this factor. Sexual orientation is shaped by a series of events. No one can decide how he or she will experience this opposite sex attraction. It is argued that a gay man might not want to be gay, but there is no magic switch to turn off his attraction to his fellow men. Homosexuality is considered a daily struggle. Most men and women will always be in support of being gay as not a choice. Why would anyone choose to be scorned at, rejected by family and friends, denied rights and subjected to violent hate crimes? However most of the homosexuals and lesbians when they come out of this cocoon, they proclaim their joy and fulfillment.

Homosexuality and Religion

Many ask, is being a homosexual right or wrong? It is believed that whoever answers that question determines the answer. In the Christian perspective, principles and guidelines are based upon the Bible, the divinely inspired word of God (Moore, 2003). The Bible has much to say generally on sexuality. In the Bible, the act of homosexuality is considered an illicit lust forbidden by God and it is condemned in the scriptures. As stated in the Old Testament, life was considered harsh because anyone one who deviated from the teachings of the law was either stoned to death or exiled. This changes much in the New Testament, as punishment is now secondary to Jesus message of repentance and redemption. As much as Jesus did not mention on homosexuality, he condemned all forms of sexual immorality.

Direct references of homosexuality in the Bible are few. However, Jews and Christians prohibit this practice. Contemporary biblical scholars understand this through their background. Possible biblical references are seen in the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis as a possible punishment for homosexuality. The bible often talks about sexual matters in euphemistic and vague terms and there is a lack of understanding on how the people of several thousand years ago used had understood those terms. In the modern sexual culture, we associate touching, kissing, and the word love with a sexual relationship (Moore, 2003). This is different in the biblical era; these relationships were no closer than close relationships. Cited relationships like Naomi and Ruth and between Jesus and John were examples of close relationships.

Christians today generally believe that the 613 instructions were meant for the Jews. Most of these Christians defend themselves with the scripture to tolerate immoral standards that include homosexuality. Many of them claim that some of the bible relationships were homosexual and do this to justify their actions. This trend is mostly among the protestant clergymen who advocate for their homosexual relations. In the Vatican, catholic priests engage in the same immoral behavior despite taking oath not to engage in sexual sin and remain celibate. Most of the Christians do not take homosexuality as a serious sin since it is not among the Ten Commandments. It was never mentioned by Jesus or any of his twelve disciples.

Like their Christian counterparts, Islam has a consensus on same sex intercourse and it a violation of the Islamic law (Habib, 2010). There are divergent perspectives in the Islamic circles pertaining physical punishment and the proof required before inflicting it. In Islam if anyone is caught in the act of practicing homosexuality, he or she is stoned to death as accorded by law. Punishments for adultery and homosexuality require four witnesses (Habib, 2010). In the religion, love between the same sex is encouraged so long as they it does not entail having sex between them. The open love amongst men in the Islamic religion is publicly expressed. At least four to eight men must bear witness. This made it tough to punish individuals that failed to be faithful to their sexual counterparts. In Islam homosexuality, is sexual association accorded between at least two males or females and not masturbation. If any one indulges in this act, he or she must take bath before the next prayers.

In contemporary nations where the religious orientation is majorly Islam, homosexuality is accorded capital sentence, translating into forced demises, as evidenced by practices noted within Islamic nations like Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Iran, Mauritania, and Yemen, amongst others. In other Muslim states, one is subjected to jail time or he or she is given a fine or corporal punishment. Most human rights organizations however are against this act, reproving of legal edicts that accord the crime status to an assented association that is created without any form of coercion. The United Nations in the year 1994 held the same perspective by terming the aforementioned edicts as being illegal as they breach the right of personal opinion and sovereignty. Islamic nations disregard these laws claiming that such laws preserve the Islamic morality and virtue (Habib, 2010).

A faction of Islamic enthusiasts have embraced the practice of homosexuality by according the viewpoint that the context of the initial writings was specifically directed to the early society and thereby stands as obsolete functions within the contemporary community. They argue that the Quran is against homosexual lust and not homosexual love. This view has however been rejected by a bulk of Muslim sects, inclusive of both conformist and non-conformist thinkers. There has been a rise in marriage of convenience amongst Muslim gays wanting to avoid emotional and physical harm to them. Homosexuality is punishable by death in Muslim states. These types of marriages where a gay male marries a lesbian for publicity sake are most common to avoid many being ostracized from the society. Most of these Muslim gays do this to satisfy the world.
There is much comparison of the diverse beliefs about the nature of homosexuality. It is important to realize that most of the Americans belief systems are termed to be either conservative or liberal. Issues that are related to culture and religion are not really face valued. It is observed that many youths and young adults have liberal beliefs. Many middle aged and elderly persons have conservative beliefs (Habib, 2010). It is however sad to note that none of the beliefs appears to resolve the differences. The two solitudes differ on their truth description. The beliefs are quite rigid and it is difficult for both solitudes to settle on one belief.

Discrimination Against homosexuality

The fact that homosexuality is not a practice that is embraced in the society means that most of the gays and lesbians are struggling with acceptance in the society. They are denied equal rights compared to the heterosexuals (Ojeda, 2004). Often the gay community is asked to keep their relationship secret in liberal countries like the US. It has gone to the extreme case of pharmacists refusing to serve someone because he is gay. These people face various types of discriminations ranging from sex counselors who refuse to counsel person in the same sex relations. Ministers who refuse to preside over same sex marriages and even photographers who refuse to participate in same sex weddings.

There is a wide spread stigmatization on same sex marriages. Violence is often stimulated against gay people. It is estimated that at least a gay man was killed every two days in Latin America because of his sexuality. Many young people have to face homophobia in their everyday lives. Research shows that young lesbians and bisexuals have experienced direct bullying in Britain schools. In countries like Turkey though, homosexuality is legal. It is very much a taboo, human rights have urged for a stronger protection for these kinds of people. Homosexuality has been the target of severe discrimination by the society and in particular by the police. A growing number of authorities are seeing homosexuality as a sociological phenomenon and not as a mental illness. Urges by people to end the discrimination against homosexuals, homosexuality, bisexuals, and bisexuality are been heard from all over the world. Calls were made upon organizations that discriminated them to end immediately all discrimination against these people.

Homosexuality Rights

However, this changing with time the federal laws protects people from the work place discrimination based on race, national origin, sex, age and disability. There is no federal law that specifically outlaws workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation in the private sector. Stated laws to outdate this discrimination act have been unsuccessful up to date. Many states are currently revising laws to protect homosexuals and bisexuals. Most gays and lesbians were stereotyped by the HIV/AIDS epidemic (Ojeda, 2004). The coverage of HIV/AIDS has consistently drawn the negative stereotype on gays and lesbians. There was mainstream fear and dislike on the gay community and the gay were essentially blamed for it.

Conclusion

Today many organizations have been formed in support of gay and lesbian rights. These organizations include the international gay and lesbian rights commission that helps regulate and fight for the rights of the gay community. It is created to draw attention of politicians, thought leaders, movements in the public and the media on relevant topics of homophobia. These organizations try to promote an understanding to provoke action. However, homosexuality is still a taboo in every other community and stigmatization on these practices is still a norm despite the introduction of laws that prohibit discrimination against homosexuals.

References

De, L. T. M. A. (2009). Out of the shadows into the light: Christianity and homosexuality. St. Louis, Mo: Chalice Press.

Habib, S. (2010). Islam and homosexuality. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger.

Moore, G. (2003). A question of truth: Christianity and homosexuality. London, UK: Continuum.

Ojeda, A. (2004). Homosexuality. San Diego: Greenhaven Press.

Simon, R. J., & Brooks, A. (2009). Gay and lesbian communities the world over. Lanham: Lexington Books.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Illinois v. Cabelles

Facts

A state trooper stopped a motorist on the count of over speeding on a throughway highway. He called in the police correspondent to report the stop, and a narcotics officer overheard the conversation and headed for the scene with his anti-narcotic dog. At this time, the traffic officer was inside the squad car with the motorist, writing him a warning ticket when the narcotic officer with his dog arrived and conducted a dog sniff on the exterior of the car, and the dog alerted at the trunk. After the alert, the officers conducted a search in the trunk, found marijuana, and arrested the motorist. The whole incident took a few minutes, not more than 10. The motorist was charged and sentenced for 12 years imprisonment and fined $256,136.

Holding and Rationale

The legal question identified in this case by the Supreme Court was to find out whether the fourth amendment was violated when the police conducted the search after the defendant filed for violation of fourth amendment. The fourth amendment serves to protect the constitutional rights of persons from unwarranted searches, hence if there is reason to raise suspicion of a particular person, a warrant to such into their private interests should be attained, or a reason to suspect them should exist before a search.

The judge in the case, the majority held that there was no violation of the fourth amendment, since the officers did not extend the time necessary for a traffic stop, and as such, the judge denied the respondents suggestion to suppress the charges because of violation of his rights by the dog. However, the Supreme Court reversed this on account that there was no specific fact that warranted any suspicions of drugs before the arrest, and the use of canine sniff served to change the rationale of the traffic stop.

In this question, it can be found that found that a dog sniff that is conducted on a vehicle during a legitimate traffic stop that leads to the helpful information bout a specific location of a substance held by an individual does not violate the fourth amendment. In this case, the dog did not contravene the respondent’s privacy interests rights protected by the fourth amendment because the dog just revealed the presence of marijuana, which no person is legally allowed to posses. Furthermore, the dog only sniffed the exterior of the vehicle, and gave the cops reason to search. This was affirmed by the fact that dogs do not violate any privacy, but rather, are trained to detect narcotics, and give an indication of the likely hood of their existence.

In addition, a legitimate traffic stop could only violate the fourth amendment if it is not conducted reasonably in a way that does not contravene private interests provided for in the amendment. More so in this case, the stop was conducted within reasonable measures, since the police traffic officer acted diligently, and was writing down a warning ticket when the narcotic officer arrived with his dog. He did not ask to search the vehicle but just conducted a sniff on the outside of the vehicle that was pulled over from the road. The dog did not get inside the vehicle, and it was during a lawful stop. The dog only acted to provide reason to search, hence, no interference with private things occurred, which does not amount to violation of fourth amendment.

Thirdly, a lawful stop could violate the fourth amendment if it is prolonged more that it is necessary to conduct the particular task. In this case, everything was conducted in less than 10 minutes, affirming that no extending of time occurred to wait for the narcotic officer to arrive; hence, no violation occurred, as it was within the traffic stop that the sniff was conducted. It can be conclude that the officers acted reasonably and did not violate any constitutionally protected private interests of the motorist.

Although there are no prior suspicions or reasons warranting that the motorist was holding illegal drugs, the rights of the motorist were not violated, since the dog sniff conducted only served to show that there was possibility of drugs in the trunk, and did not interfere in any way with his privacy since it was outside the vehicle. More so, the sniffing took time during a legal traffic stoop by the traffic police officer who had held him in the squad car to write a warning ticket, so it was reasonably executed, and within time allowed by traffic rules for a traffic stop.

 

 

 

 

Self-Esteem and Facebook Addiction in Genders

Self-identification is a very vital part in the study of self-esteem. Self-esteem can be defined as the way an individual thinks and feels about him or herself. People struggle hard to improve or maintain their self-esteem in all aspects of life. Therefore, in order to achieve a positive self-esteem, individuals will go extra mile to meet their goals. For instance, they will try to engage in both online and offline social settings. Hancock and Dunham, (2001) show that individuals with low self-esteem are the ones who are most likely to engage seriously in online activities that may improve their self-esteem. This research about communication via computers was however limited in that it did not provide the implications of social media in the new age. Through online activities like Facebook, people are free to express themselves more than in face-to-face conversation.

Facebook has been used in as a basis of this paper in order to investigate whether gender and self-esteem affect the level of Facebook addiction. This is because Facebook is the commonly liked site by many people of all ages. The main purpose for this study therefore, is to find more on how gender and self-esteem influences the level of Facebook addiction. Hancock and Dunham, (2001) formulated a hypothesis that gender and self-esteem both affect the level of Facebook addiction and individuals with low self-esteem will be more addicted to Facebook than those with high self-esteem will. Despite their extensive research into the issue, the implications of this form of addiction are not directly stated and are only inferred.

A person’s attitude about their self can be affected and improved through online self- presentation. For instance, Duval and Mulilis (2002) show that personal profiles posted on Facebook walls can give effective positive biased excitement to counter the ordinary impacts of objective self-awareness like a mirror. However, their research was limited in that it could have elaborated more about the alteration in one’s perception of the self that can be because of a virtual personality. This can enhance a positive change in a person thus building self-esteem. Ellison et al., (2007) argue that a person may lower his or her self-esteem by posting photos on Facebook wall. This is because it triggers objective self-awareness in a person making them feel out competed by others thus affecting their self-esteem (Epley & Kruger 2005). It is noted that women value their Facebook profile more than men are. Thus, self-esteem in women is most likely to be reduced depending on how they have self-presented themselves on Facebook profile than men (Rosenberg, 2000). Research reveals that most women in their early thirties are very active and more addicted to Facebook than their counterparts are (Young & Pinsky, 2006). Despite the fact that Facebook consumes a lot of time, it is quite surprising that these women in their early thirties are spending more time on Facebook other than doing other responsibilities.

In most cases, women tend to use photos as away of creating competition for men and for attracting their attention. A good number of women use Facebook as away of judging their self-worth by posting many of their photos o Facebook wall. According to Ellison et al., (2007), women post around ten times as many photos on Facebook as do men. Therefore, from this hypothesis, we can say that gender and self-esteem affects the level of Facebook addiction.

According to Duthler (2009), gender roles affect women’s tendency to place very revealing and sexy photos of their self-appearance on Facebook profiles while men use the About Me sections more frequently as a form of self-promotion. Therefore, both men and women may most likely be equal when it comes to using Facebook as a means of self-promotion. Gender and self-esteem affects the level of Facebook addiction in that people with low self-esteem tend to strive very hard in order to fit in the society (Walther, 2007). Therefore, the availability of internet sources in particular Facebook has been used by both men and women as a way of selective self-presenting themselves. In this case, people take their humble time especially when writing information concerning them in a more careful way selecting what information they would wish to emphasize more (Ellison, Heino &Gibbs, 2007).

Self-presentation online always affects positively the esteem of a person. Therefore, since most people realized this concept, they prefer to develop or improve their self-esteem by enrolling or signing in and with time, it becomes addiction (Toma & Ellison, 2008). This is because Facebook is very addictive; it makes a person wish to be there all the time just updating his or her status for others to view and comment. According to Gonzales & Hancock (2008), individual’s information on Facebook profile promotes self-esteem this happens mostly when an individual tries to edit the information on their profile about the self, or they selectively self-presents.

According to various articles used in this paper, there were hypotheses that illustrated the effect of Facebook exposure on self-esteem. There were differing arguments that Facebook would decrease or improve self-esteem respectively. The results showed that in contrast to the previous work on objective self-awareness, one could improve self-awareness. Therefore, through viewing one’s own Facebook profile, one can improve self-esteem rather than decrease it. However, the limitations of the articles arise in that they do not offer a direct implication between the effects of current social media and the alteration of individual self-perception. The rapid evolution of such forms of the media will require that research is constantly updated to meet current changes.

Self-esteem is defined as the way an individual thinks and views the self. People work hard every day in order to improve or maintain their self-esteem in all areas of life. Therefore, in order to achieve a positive self-esteem, individuals will go extra mile to meet their goals. For instance, they will try to engage in both online and offline social settings. Therefore, this paper made an attempt at finding out how gender and self-esteem affect the level of Facebook addiction. The results were that both men and women in one or the other try to find ways to promote their self-esteem. Most of them thus, find Facebook the most appropriate means of selectively self-presenting themselves. This is because on Facebook profile, one is able to expresses him or herself in away that pleases him. It was also noted that individuals with low self-esteem are more addicted to Facebook than those with high self-esteem are. For instance, personal profiles on Facebook walls can give effective positive biased feeling to counter the ordinary impacts of objective self-awareness like a mirror. This can enhance a positive change in a person thus building self-esteem.

 

References

Duthler, K. W. (2009). The politeness of requests made via email and voicemail: Support for the hyperpersonal model. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 2006; 11. jcmc.indiana.edu/vol11/issue2/duthler.html (accessed Jan. 13, 2009).

Duval, T., Duval, V., Mulilis, J. (1992) Effects of self-focus, discrepancy between self and standard, and outcome expectancy favorability on the tendency to match self to standard and withdraw. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology; 62:340–8.

Ellison, N., Heino, R., & Gibbs, J. (2007). Managing impressions online: Self-presentation processes in the online dating environment. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 2006; 11. //jcmc.indiana.edu/vol11/issue2/ellison.html (Accessed Sept. 12, 2007).

Epley, N., & Kruger, J. (2005).When what you type isn’t what they read: The perseverance of stereotypes and expectancies over e-mail. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology ; 41:414–22.

Gonzales, A. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2008). Identity shift in computer mediated environments. Media Psychology; 11:167–85.

Hancock, J. T, & Dunham, P. J. (2001). Impression formation in computer mediated communication. Communication Research; 28:325–47.

Rosenberg, M. (2000). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 25. Josephs RA, Markus HR, Tafarodi RW. Gender and self-esteem. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 1992; 63:391–402.

Toma, C. L., Hancock, J. T., & Ellison, N. B. (2008). Separating fact from fiction: An examination of deceptive self-presentation in online dating profiles. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 4:1023–36.

Walther, J. B. (2007). Selective self-presentation in computer-mediated communication: Hyperpersonal dimensions of technology, language, and cognition. Computers in Human Behavior; 23:2538–57.

Young, S. M., Pinsky D. (2006).Narcissism and celebrity. Journal of Research in Personality. 40:463–71.

The Long Road Home By: Martha Raddatz

Summary

The Long Road Home by Martha Raddatz is a focused and detailed book that enables the reader to visualize the suffering and misery faced by soldiers in the war and their families. Many people have many assumptions about war. They do not realize the depth of emotional trauma that the soldiers face. Some do not even remember that the soldiers have their own families back home and these families live in constant fear about the soldiers well being and safety. Raddatz gives the accounts of these soldiers and their families. She writes the book using the events that happened in Sadr city on the fateful day of April 4 2004, a day that has come to be known as the Black Sunday. As one reads the book, the themes of death and loss, bravery and heroism, and suffering become clear. She writes the book using information from interviews held with the commanding officers, some of the soldiers who were present at the time and the families of some of the soldiers who died that day.

Chapter one of the books begins hours earlier before the fighting started. What is intriguing in this chapter is the fact that the soldiers did not seem to be aware of any hostility between them and the civilians. The soldiers though that by carrying out acts, such as cleaning the raw sewage from the streets of Sadr, they would diminish the chance of being shot at. It is interesting that the people did not take into account the humanitarian efforts of the soldiers. Another important issue that was raised in this chapter was how women and children engaged in fighting. The children were obviously not old enough to know what they were fighting for and this is clear in the beginning since some days earlier the US soldiers had greeted the children warmly. The soldiers were clearly not looking for war, nor were they expecting one. Another important issue raised in this chapter is the loneliness and uncertainty experienced by the families and the soldiers as they are living for battle.

The soldiers, and indeed the United States thought that Sadr city did not pose any threat to the US since, being a Shiite community; it had suffered under the reign of Saddam Hussein who was a Sunni. They were therefore not prepared for any attacks and any sign of violence surprised them. This was despite the fact that the same community had attacked the US troops and they ended up killing one soldier. It is interesting to note the power one individual can have over thousands of people. This was the case with Moqtada al-Sadr, who controlled the larger population and even the police force. Those who spoke against al-Sadr were considered enemies and they were even punished heavily. The previous regime had used the same system of control under Saddam Hussein and they had not been in favor. This changed under the reign of al-Sadr. The US forces did not have enough human intelligence and this made them feel inadequate since they did not know what was happening.

Had the US had sufficient and reliable human intelligence, none of the events of April 4 could have happened. The Mahdi army had obviously prepared for the days events. There had been no warning to the US forces and thus they were caught unaware by the Mahdi army. Chapter 5 and 6 are emotional accounts of the events that took place during the response and the consequences of the fight. Subsequent chapters give a description of what transpired during the fight, and after the U.S., soldiers went to the aid station. They did not have enough, adequate weaponry, or even medical facilities. The descriptions about the wounded soldiers at the station are sad. Raddatz combines the details of the soldiers and their personal lives. She records that specialist Stephen Hiller had just announced that they were expecting another child. Unfortunately, he would not get the chance to meet his child or see his wife again. Lieutenant Shane Aguero also records the thoughts he had about his wife.

Even in battle and war, religion never seems to be far and soldiers seem to draw their strength from their God. Captain Abrams is no exception and even in his troubled state, he does not fail to ask God for help. The soldiers also rely on the chaplain for their spiritual guidance and prayer. The soldiers faced a lot of suffering that day. Some of the details about the injuries the soldiers received are gruesome. Staff sergeant Robert Reynolds’ injuries are described vividly and some may find it difficult to read. This is the saddest chapter in the book. The medics had to do a lot of work and it must have taken all the strength they had to carry out some of the tasks such as binding intestines. The war zone is no place for dignity or shame. Some of the soldiers were naked and their private parts were exposed. It was a trying time for them.

Chapters 19 and twenty-three deal with the soldiers families and how they received the news. It is interesting to note that despite their families knowing that the soldiers had gone to war, they were not prepared to receive the bad news about their loved ones death. Raddatz only included few families and recorded how they received the news. It is not possible to describe how some of the families were affected by the news. Some of them took it so hard such as Sergeant Miller’s wife and they were unable to handle the news. Many more soldiers were wounded in Sadr and few were lucky to escape without serious injuries. Despite this, they suffered emotionally. Many of the soldiers had not fought in any war prior to that day. They might have been the best soldiers when they were practicing but the reality of the war hit them hard. This was the case with Captain Abrams, who was considered a tough soldier. It was his first time to be involved in active battle and he was not prepared for what he had seen at the aid station. He felt helpless and he could only offer words of comfort and reassurance to his fellow soldiers.

Critique

It is not often that authors write about war events without including politics or trying to figure out what strategy would have been applied successfully during combat. Raddatz has managed to tell the story focusing only on the soldiers and their families. This is one of the strengths of this book. The book has focused on the events that transpired during that day, how the soldiers were reacting to these events and how they coped during this time. It also records details about their thoughts and feelings and this actually presents the soldiers in a humane way. People usually forget that soldiers can get scared especially if they have never fought in any war. This book records the pain the soldiers were in and shows how scared they were.

I like the author’s presentation because it has included the soldiers’ families. The author has included spouses, parents, and even the children. Most authors do not take the time to learn about the families that have been affected by the war and how they cope with their loss. This inclusion is important in many ways. Many families feel abandoned when they lose a loved one during the war. Some families got the chance to speak out and tell their story in this book. The book provided an avenue for the unrepresented families to read the details as they occurred. Some of the surviving soldiers may have been too traumatized to talk to their families about that day. Writing about it may have helped them get closure.

I also like the author’s presentation because she has avoided the use of technical terms, which some may find hard to understand. Her writing style is simple and appealing to many readers. She is honest in her writing and she has not shied away from describing the injuries as described by the soldiers. Another great strength of this work is the inclusion of images, which makes it easier for the reader to relate to the story.

Reviews

Greg Weeks has written the review “Martha Raddatz’s The Long Road Home”. I agree with this review because it has captured the whole story. He has noted the lack of basic equipment, which was important during the war. In his review, Weeks noted that the soldiers considered Iraq a humanitarian mission and this was probably the cause for their lack of preparation. He notes that this sentiment was also shared by the government and they thought the war was ending. He notes that the soldiers did not have enough intelligence and perhaps that was the reason why they did not know about the militia’s tactics. Greg has noted the unavailability of aid and medical supplies, which made saving lives difficult. In his review, Greg has not mentioned the families of the affected soldiers yet this makes up almost half of the book (Weeks, 2010).

Natalie Maier’s article “Long Road Home meets Rosie standards” is not descriptive and it leaves out a lot of information. The article contains a lot of summary and lacks a personal perspective. The main thoughts given by Maier are that the book is politically objective and it contains relatable content. Maier has mostly summarized the contents of the book. She has mentioned topics such as the inclusion of family. She has also mentioned that some of the stories are told through the eyes of a “terrified yet confident soldier.” She is careful enough to note that the book has been organized into different sections (Maier, 2010).

War brings with it emotional trauma, death and physical injuries. Many times authors who choose to write about war and the effects of war will only focus on the economic and political aspect of the war and will choose to disregard the effect of the war on the families and the soldiers who fight in the war. Raddatz has managed to deviate from this norm and she has presented the soldiers in a humane way, remembering to note their emotional distress and their loneliness and fright at the battlefield. She has remained objective by telling the stories as they happened and by including the families of the affected soldiers. Perhaps what could have made the book an exceptional reading was more research. She could have included the opinions and records of more soldiers who were actually engaged in the war.

Works Cited

Maier, Natalie. Long Road Home meets Rosie Standards. Nov 1 2010. Web. 27 May 2011.

< http://hilite.org/archives/10969 >

Weeks, Greg. Martha Raddatz’s the Long Road Home. March 27 2010. Web. 27 May 2011.

< http://weeksnotice.blogspot.com/2010/03/martha-raddatzs-long-road-home.html >

 

Globalization Process in Current World

Globalization process, which means increased interdependency of nations all over the world, can be dated back to ancient history when people started moving from their original habitats to other places, interacting with other communities and exchanging of ideas through trading. However, many people think it is current, due to its current trend of speed thanks to technology. The early globalization was driven by innovations of technology that allowed people to move from one point to another, exchanging knowledge and advancing common ideas among several nations or states. Today, globalization has changed the living trends and conditions of people, as well as several meanings of ideas.

In the earlier globalization, interaction between people from other regions took a long time since traveling and flow of information was slow. Today, due to technology, one can work from anywhere in the world and send information to others within seconds. In addition, one can get immediate feedback, making it possible for people scatted all over the world to work in harmony towards a goal. This has also changed meaning for space; for instance, one does not need to have a warehouse space on London, to sell goods from New York, since ordering online is possible and costs will only include shipment fee. More so, globalization has changed the meaning of third and first world, where first world meant rich people in richer countries and first world meaning poor countries with poor people. Currently, first world is seen all over the world, where one can be rich from anywhere. For instance, it would not look realistic to say one is living in a first world while they are poor, in a rich country, while another person is living rich in a poor nation. The meaning has been changed to wealthy people as opposed to rich nations, since one can work and earn from anywhere.

In terms of ideas such as conservatism and liberalism, globalization has changed its meaning, where in earlier globalizations, these were ideas held by countries, where one country embraced one, while another embraced another. Today, there is no particular nation holding to one, but rather, it is at individual level, where one can chose to embrace new ideas or conserve their original ideas. These ideas no longer dictate the ideas that a nation holds, rather, ideas are embraced from all over, and define what either of the two ideas is; may be hard and unpredictable. Due to increased interaction of knowledge and ideas, there is history discontinuity, where nothing is predictable as before, when one could know what the next trend might be, through events in the past. Today, new things arise every day, one cannot predict anything and things that were done before have changed, where tomorrow one might be forced to do something else, because of integrated knowledge everywhere and one cannot keep the old ways.

Currently, there is too much knowledge all over the world as more and more people get educated and knowledge that was regarded highly previously seems to be a mere thing today. For instance, people with knowledge of computers when they were introduced were regarded highly. Today, anybody from a child can operate a computer easily. This has increased competition, and for one to be regarded highly knowledgeable, you have to study harder, and go beyond the average education, which today is having a degree. In addition, because of increased ideas and knowledge among ordinary people, there is awareness of individual rights, and governing a country has become complex because a leader cannot dictate what people should do, but rather, has to adhere to their needs. Deregulation of power has increased, causing specialization of power, where tasks are delegated to people at lower ranks, who concentrate on that role only. With this kind of deregulation, political power is changing, since laws are made from below, to serve certain needs as opposed to coming from above to enhance control and this makes political power quite unpredictable.

Globalization is changing the way people live and it is important that people understand globalization and its drivers such as the technology. Understanding globalization will help a person to live better with the current conditions and one will know what will be important in life or not. For instance, in the issue of knowledge, one has to understand globalization to realize that courses involved in telecommunication, which is one driver of globalization may serve them better, than old courses such as short handwriting, to typing using a computer. Again, understanding globalization is important for businesses, since the market is becoming one global village as many say and knowledge of it is helpful to remain competitive. To conclude, current globalization is dictating the kind of lifestyle people have to adapt, since interaction means integrating all cultural ideas into one that can be used anywhere in the world for better understanding of each other.

 

Speech Outline

Title:                            Violent Video Games

General purpose:         For persuasion

Purpose of Speech:      After listening to my speech, audience members will take a few simple steps to help alleviate the negative impacts of Violent Video Games.

Thesis Statement:        There is need for both adults and children to keep off watching violent video                            games as their impacts are very dangerous to daily lives.

INTRODUCTION

1. Attention-Getter:        Majority of children that watch or play violent video games end up

S being rude and ruthless

 

1. Thesis statement
2. Preview of main points

 

TOPIC ANALYSIS

1. Watching and playing of violent video games is dangerous.
2. Violent video games have a negative psychological impact.
3. It affects children most.

 

2. Violent video games are addictive
3. The persons watching them would want to do it repeatedly.
4. Failure to playing the games would make one feel that they are lacking something

 

1. Loss of sense of humanity among those that watch the video games
2. Emulation of character by children
3. They take life with less respect
4. They would do an act that has serious consequences but with a lot of ease and

lack of fear.

1. Connection to drugs and drug addiction
2. Many characters are drug traffickers and abusers.
3. Drug traffickers and abusers act in manner to depict that these are good

activities.

1. Increase in mischievous activities
2. Children become bullies.
3. Joining of wrong peer groups.

 

III.       Frequent playing of violent video games by children likely to result in luck of respect to

Parents.

1. Video games become the epitome of character development
2. Parents are given second priority after the characters in the games
3. Children would try to put wah5t they see in the video games into reality
4. Keep close watch on whatever children watch and do
5. No time for parental guidance hence no parental control
6. Less time spent with parents
7. Video games make children to listen more to peers than parents
8. Avoid aggressive driving.
9. Compromise of future parental guidance
10. Temperamental parents
11. Wrong model to children

CONCLUSION

1. Review of main points
2. Final remarks: “ There is need for the society to shun playing and watching of violent video games as they generally have a negative impact to the society as a whole”

 

Violent Video Games

Introduction

The world today has undergone great changes that have seen the media taken a greater place in the lives of mankind. Since the invention of the computer and television, particularly the colored one, more and more people in the society have been addicts to the programs provided by it. However, what raises allot of questions as concerns this issue is the impact of violent video games to the lives of individuals. I believe that through this speech, you will be able to initiate change in the society in as far as violent video games are concerned. In order to deal with this issue, I would discuss how violent video games have negatively impacted on the lives of viewers and the need for both adults and children to keep off watching violent video games as their impacts are very dangerous to daily lives.

Addictiveness

I do believe that each one of you at some point has happened to play or watch these violent video games. One of the major results of violent video games is that they are very addictive. Researchers have indicated that the first, second and the third time that the viewer would be first watching the violent video games might never be very entertaining. However, as the person goes further to the fourth time, they end up being addicted to them. They would have been socialized to acknowledge that violence in the games is part and parcel of entertainment. Addictiveness to the violent video games has seen many children neglecting other aspects of life. They would do anything to just get all their time spent on computers playing these games. This makes these games to be part and parcel of their lives and would do anything to have time for such. This ends up raking the lives of the people involved as they don’t have other priorities that would positively affect their lives (Kutner & Olson, 2008).

Emulation of the Characters

Children are probably the most affected persons whenever they watch these violent video games. This is attributed to the less developed brains and character in them. The fact that they are still young, chances of taking up a character trait of behavior that they see is so high. This is wya6t makes them vulnerable to acts of violence they are exposed to in the video games.

Emulation of character on violent video games is boosted by many factors. However, the most critical factor that boosts this behavior is the failure of getting guidance from parents. Apparently, parents would wish that their children grow and develop to be good people in the society. However, much of what is required for them to facilitate this type of development does not come forth. The twenty first century parents are very busy that they have left the media such as these violent video games to be the tools of learning. As such, with no guidance, children would believe that whatever is happening in the violent video games is a replica of an ideal situation in real life. Being one of the people living in this century, I believe you have experienced or seen this trend taking roots in the society.

Loss of humanity

We must acknowledge that human beings are born with some level of humanity. This is what tells you not to kill you neighbor or shoot at him. This is what makes one to offer a helping hand when a friend or neighbor is in problems. There is a very close relationship between loss of humanity and addictiveness to violent video games. As children and even adults get addicted to such games, they end up unknowingly having their perception about violence changed completely. This has a greater impact on children than on adults. In children such video games may end up having children get horror dreams. In such dreams children end up getting to dream of violent activities that in one way or the other affects their growth (Kutner & Olson, 2008).

Two thirds of muggers and robbers in the United States have a history of playing violent video games. According to this figure, it is very apparent that video games usually result in the loss of humanity in people. Through these violent video games, viewers are made to be live that hitting somebody is not anything to worry about. This is why many criminals that were used to these games would easily assassinate or murder somebody and never have any guilt. They would look at human life with a lot of simplicity and fail to give it the respect it deserves (Kirsh, 2006).

Drugs and drugs addiction

You will find a very close connection between the violent video games and use of drugs in the society today.  In a three quarters of the violent video games, characters act in a manner to depict that they are drug takers of traffickers. Sometimes the video games would at the end of the game depict these actors as heroes and heroines. This has devastating effects on views and especially children who may have a wrong interpretation of the video games. Children might assume that whatever they see on the screen is right and should be supported. This in the end may influence such children to accept and acknowledge that drugs are not a bad stuff and would very willingly accept to be part of the partakers of the same (Vorderer & Bryant, 2006).

Everybody would acknowledge that our society faces the risk of disintegrating in the hands of drugs. It is very definite that drugs and drug abuse has serious negative consequences that should be avoided at all costs. However, this can only be possible if the environment is conducive for the course. Violent video games would always depict a positive aspect of drugs and drug trafficking. Without proper guidance, a person may end up emulating the characters in the game and end up being spoilt by such wrong perception (Kirsh, 2006). However, what you should not is the fact that you watch or play or have previously played violent video games does not guarantee you into drugs. It only increases the chances of you getting into drugs than a person that does participate in such games.

Lack of respect to parents

You will all acknowledge the impact the family plays in terms of learning and acquisition of knowledge. Violent video games have partly changed the learning environment in the society today. As far as learning is concerned, the family is the basic unit of organization and is meant to have the greatest impact in an individual as they learn. However, this role is being changed as many parents have left their children in the hands of the media making them have the media influence them the greatest. It is no wonder that children in our society are ready to emulate and copy anything they find attractive in their eyes from the media.

I believe at one time you have lived with or come across children that are addicted to violent video games. You would definitely see the difference between them and other children in terms of handling various issues. It is today common to see a child beating up their own father or mother. While blame game is put on the society, parents should recognize that they too have failed in their roles on guiding their children on what to do and what not to do. They needed to advise them on what to watch and what not to. This would help avoid having this children taking the wrong path and later coming up with blame games. Allowing children to watch and play these games is giving them a clear ticket to development of bad character (Kutner & Olson, 2008).

Solutions

Violent video games are not good for the growth and development of children. They are either not safe for the grownups. This means that such violent games are not good for viewing as they end up generating more of negative than positive impacts.  In order to avoid the negative impacts of the games viewing by children and adults should be discouraged. This would help reduce the many negative impacts that come with these video games. I want to urge parents to take an up a front role in have influencing whatever stuff their children watch as they develop. As far as parents may be busy, they should also set aside time to be with their children so that they may advise them accordingly on what is good and what is bad. This would help- make children avoid watching or playing these violent video games as they end up negatively affecting them.

References

Kutner L., Olson C. K. (2008). Grand theft childhood: the surprising truth about violent video games and what parents can do, Vancouver: Simon and Schuster

Vorderer P., Bryant J. (2006). Playing video games: motives, responses, and consequences, New York City: Publisher Routledge

Kirsh S. J. (2006). Children, adolescents, and media violence: a critical look at the research, Chicago: SAGE Publishers

Discuss, Analyze and Assess the Dodd Frank Act (positive/negative)

The Dodd Frank Act provides protection to businesses, or any company and the consumers. The Act has both positive and negative influences on business compensation. It is also responsible for compensation of the company’s committee that is charged with implementing the act (Virginia 78). According to Warren (56), the Dodd Frank Act has the main aim to provide enough protection to the customers, establish a great economic background to enhance job opportunities, and ensure extra prevention of another financial breakdown (Skeel 89). Failure to provide a good accountability for the Dodd Frank Act leads to financial crisis. There may also be loss of a good number of job opportunities, and decline in business activities. All these hardships cause a crisis that needs confident action. For economic growth in the country, there is a need to bring back duties and accountability in the financial system (Warren 24).

The Dodd Frank Act has a vision of ensuring that consumers are protected and have the authority to demand for compensation when their rights are infringed (Orice 90). This implies that organizations have the duty to provide consumers with clear, right data for shopping for financial products (Sim 46). Therefore, Dodd Frank Act has a purpose of protecting consumers from all sorts of deceptive activities, hidden fees and abusive language.

The Act has a responsibility of ensuring that there are advanced technological warning systems. These systems are to assess and evaluate any risks that may be posed by large and complicated organizations before they pose a threat to the economy’s stability. In addition, it assists in reducing issues that encourage risky and abusive activities to pass unrecognized and unregulated (Cooley 120). The Act provides different businesses and investors with protection. This is achieved by providing harsh regulations that encourage transparency and accountability from credit rating organizations. The Act has also formed a good number of requirements on public organizations in relation to executive compensation that keep on changing the landscape for compensation to the staff and the legal system (Gregory 23).

The negative effects associated with this Act include the fact that it gives strenuous work to its regulators who have to define every aspect of its implementation (Adjemian 67). It is also causes conflicts in the formulation of rules due to its jurisdiction.

However, although it has negative financial implications, “the act is a very necessary way to move forward in financial regulations and acts as the foundation for future rules and legislative enhancements” (Anand 56). This Act also helps in developing a framework that places struggling banks in a better position. For instance, it permits any failing financial institution to reorganize its assets or dissolve its organization entirely.

The Dodd Frank Act is a legal degree that was pronounced by President Barack Obama in 2010 as a national statute to regulate businesses. It was developed to enhance stability in the financial sector of the United States through making improvements in transparency and accountability in the financial sector. The Act calls for extreme standards and supervision in order to provide maximum protection to the economy, consumers, businesses, and investors. It also establishes rules and regulations that reduce problems that could cause an economic recession. However, the Act has some negative effects such a heavy workload to all those tasked with its implementation, and a potential conflict of interest with other financial regulations. However, it is good for businesses to adhere to this regulation because the Act was established to represent the way in which the financial markets of the Unites States of America will function in the future.

Conclusion

A crisis should never be wasted and in that regard the Dodd Frank Act seeks to prevent, mitigate and eventually compensate if the mentioned occurs. Additionally employments levels are sustained if not increased by the solid financial structure assured by the act. As part of the structure data and information in various financial assets is availed to the consumer to enhance more prudent decision-making. The creation of technological alerts targeting colossal and complex financial organizations that if unstable poses economic instability. Regardless of the bulk and strenuous work, that regulators are faced with the act is indeed timely in preventing financial meltdowns.

 

Works Cited

Adjemian, Michael. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (DF): Changes to the Regulation of Derivatives and Their Impact on Agribusiness. Cape Newagen, RD: DIANE Publishing, 2011. Print.

Anand, Sanjay. Essentials of the Dodd-Frank Act. Chicago: John Wiley and Sons, 2011. Print.

Cooley, Thomas. Regulating Wall Street: The Dodd-Frank Act and the New Architecture of Global Finance. Chicago: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Print.

Gregory, Wilson. Managing to the New Regulatory Reality: Doing Business under the Dodd-Frank Act. Chicago: John Wiley and Sons, 2006. Print.

Orice, Williams. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): Action Needed to Improve Rating Agency Registration Program and Performance Related Disclosures. Cape Newagen RD: DIANE Publishing, 2008. Print.

Sim, Sega. Corporate Value of Enterprise Risk Management: The Next Step in Business Management. Chicago: John Wiley and Sons, 2011. Print.

Skeel, David. The New Financial Deal: Understanding the Dodd-Frank Act and Its (Unintended) Consequences. Chicago: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Print.

Warren, Elizabeth. Global Context and International Effects of the TARP. Cape Newagen, RD: DIANE Publishing, 2009. Print.

Warren, Elizabeth. Global Context and International Effects of the TARP. Cape Newagen, RD: DIANE Publishing, 1990. Print.

Virginia, Morris. Guide to Money. New York, NY: Lightbulb Press, Inc., 2010. Print.

 

Common Sense and Integrative Thinking

Introduction

Common sense is defined in a number of ways; some may say it is sound judgment not based on specialized knowledge otherwise known as native good judgment or sound judgment derived from experience rather than study. Alternatively, it maybe wise judgment based on insight rather than circumstances or facts (Ikerd 30). However, these definitions are determined by the surroundings; for example at the work place, common sense is defined by the experience. Practical incidences experienced determine how one is going to react to them. There are fundamental principles about common sense, for example, some things are logically common to everyone. Overall common sense is based on reality and results in practical intelligence.

Discussion

The concept of an integrative thinker is seen as a person who has the predisposition capacity to hold two diametrically opposing ideas in their heads and without panicking, they are able to produce a synthesis that is superior to either opposing idea. Being innovative and creative is essential in this process. Who would have thought that it pays well to be a creative consultant? This involves a lot of integrative thinking by understanding the thought process involved. One can move from an attitude of ‘either or’ and move to an attitude of both. Integrative thinking helps you find out the solutions to more complex situations (Benson and Dresdow 507).

General common sense is based on reality rather than experience. Common sense affects an individual way of thinking. The purpose of complexity of organizational thinking is the ability to integrate diverse facts as ideas, issues and connections into more comprehensive integrative thinking for decisions. This bases the relationship between common sense and integrative thinking. On the surface, common sense is seen as incompatible with interactive thinking or alternatively common sense can enrich integrative thinking. Synthesis and analysis is that both are essential in the public policy work and complement each other. Synthesis, which can also be termed as integrative thinking, is needed to break the thought pattern thus generating new ideas. This type of thinking is vital for decision-making. However, skill is also needed in analyzing than common sense would be needed.

For policy planning and implementation, common sense and integrative thinking are vital. The two are not much of the psychological facts but related. Common sense and critical thinking are principles that focus on associated diversity of the psychological facts. This two are related to the arguments perceived by the common value and the known ideas (Ikerd 31). In a non-professional term, common sense is seen as generally practical attitude and instantly accepted beliefs and with not much argument on the action. This can be detected as curiosity or instant reaction of a person; it is the way or behavior without much thinking and visualizing things as they are. In addition, it is a spontaneous reaction to certain situations. Examples can be how things look like on the surface and in the subconscious mind. Chances are when you smile at someone they will smile back. This applies to animals too. On hearing a beep or a buzz instantly, an animal on the road will move out fast (Benson and Dresdow 509).

Relating common sense and integrative thinking is challenging because common sense is more or less unlearned behavior while, integrative thinking is the habitual alteration of facts that are acquired through learning. These facts are experienced and visualized according to the scientific facts and their figures. It involves concluding on two opposing conditions that are unique in nature. It is practical to understand what is proven facts rather than what you acquire through learning. In this case, the two differ from each other; integrative differs from the common ideal of thinking or the more practical common sense. Integrative thinking requires one to study two opposing ideas and on its actual form but in conclusion; one is able to have positive and favorable solutions. Integrative thinking is opposed to arguments of fear, but creates to seek powerful ideas (Benson and Dresdow 508).

It is argued that integrative thinkers are able to visualize the invisible and create form to ideas, concepts or strategies. They rely on rich inventory of visual metaphors and other proprietary tools that help create the continuality, clarity and validate the deliverables. In the decision making process they choose what to listen to and what not to listen to. Helping them to decide what features are important and what features are not. It is important for the integrative thinker to know the sense in what they see and look out for the relation they believe to exist between the various pieces in the puzzle. In there way of thinking, they look at every step in a specific way. They focus more on the features of the problem as the relevant solution

The interesting part about every one is that their understanding is built on the world around us and to some extend it is similar in a way. Five things are essential when leveraging common sense. One of the essential things to do is to initiate a conversation based on experience majoring on the positive and not the negative. People’s past experiences have a strong effect on how they have shaped their view of common sense. In the conversation as you try to focus on the key thing, try not to divert the conversation to other things. In building the foundation of dialogue, one is able to encourage understanding and learning. This approach fosters seeing the holistic approach of the shared meanings. As the dialogue unfolds, one is able to acquire better judgment of the causes to the problem and the success of the solutions. In this case, careful introspection and inward questioning is important.

Question asking is important to make good judgment and identifying the complexity of each individual. Wanting to know the belief system of a person is important. This is common sense in itself, for one is able to discover assumptions that he or she earlier had. It is also significant to determine what is adequate. Engaging in numerous purposes helps in the thinking process on different levels of the situation. It is significant to know who the characters involved are. Thinking in terms of purpose rather than the problem decreases the probability of biasness. The common sense knowledge will dictate purpose (Benson and Dresdow 511).

It is more or less tasking in making decisions for a team of people that are paying attention to resolving an issue. The team’s ability to work together makes them develop strong standards and inner processes helping them obtain the ability in finding a solution. Common sense dictates in establishing connections to build on the already acquired social skills. Intuition plays part in making informed decisions. However, this is not a notion to rely on always because it may lead one astray (Ikerd 31). Intulogical thinking which relates both logic and intuitive thinking stems from common sense but it still requires the two to be linked together. This form of thinking identifies the restrictions and focuses on the objectives to create an unbiasness related to overconfidence and self-correction. Optimism is a core value in commonsense and integrative thinking; it supports identifying with the problem. People in good conditions expect fewer threats when concerned with less susceptible circumstances.

Integrative thinking model on the other hand reflects on the aftermath despite of the thinking style in which people connect. The thinking is however framed in steps and actions associated with each other. The thinker is able to note the outstanding factors. He or she welcomes complexity. In addition, he or she is allowed to question on the validity of the factors presented to him or her. The process of making a decision focuses on the different factors on the issues and examined to see the outcome. In a way, this criterion of solving issues resolves the tension among the competing choices’ common sense and it seems to be a better alternative to this process. Looking at the problems, the decision makers are able to access the facts, categorize them and base their decisions on the assessment. However, common sense does not exactly limit a person in the integrative thinking process but forms a foundation in solving or dealing with less demanding solutions (Benson and Dresdow 514).

Do computers have common sense knowledge? It is very wrong to have this perception. The machine has the ability to follow its commands and do the creative tasks. Identifying common knowledge items can be termed as common sense. In history, we note that at a certain time what was considered common sense is irrelevant to now. What made sense before does not really have to be the same in this time and age. Most people view the earth as flat; in certain instances, common sense has proved to be untrue. Many common sense judgments are blinded by prejudice. This is true for both large and small groups. In science, common sense always conflicts with verified results and this makes common sense highly controversial when it comes to scientific experiments. Einstein’s famous definition was that “Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by the age of eighteen” (Ikerd 31). Most scientists claim the inadequacy of common sense.

Conclusion

In conclusion, most multi-displinary studies agree that there is minimum pre-requisite for common sense to be valid as a form of knowledge. Common sense should be seen as consistent knowledge that does not keep on fluctuating from time to time and should be very free of discrimination and prejudiced bias. Common sense is open to criticism and its evaluative standards. In the present world, common sense is double-faced. It is either helpful or perilous. Common sense judgments and beliefs are most often shared by members of the same group for example social, political religious or scientific

Works Cited

Benson, J. and S. Dresdow. “Common Sense and Integrative Thinking.” Management Decision. 47.3 (2009): 508-517. Print.

Dryden, Gordon and Jeannette Vos. The Learning Revolution: To Change the Way the World Learns. Torrance, Calif: The Learning Web, 1999. Print

Ikerd, John. Sustainable Capitalism: A Matter of Common Sense. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2005. Print.