Author: chris

 

QUESTION 4

 

Explain how patents work. Which legal tests must be satisfied in most countries in order to meet patient requirements?

 

 

QUESTION 5

 

Explain the importance of brainstorming. What are the three most important approaches to brainstorming? Explain a situation in which brainstorming could achieve innovative results

 

QUESTION 6

 

Give an example of a consumer market survey in which the company was able to obtain information to successfully launch a new product. Is there a best way to identify niches? Explain.

 

QUESTION 7

 

 

Explain what it means to be a venture champion? What are some of the factors that influence the decision to establish a new venture? What do we know about the background of individuals who have a propensity to develop new ventures?

 

QUESTION 9

 

What are the four arguments for pushing for greater levels of networking in innovation? Which one do you find most persuasive and why?

 

QUESTION 10

 

What are the different challenges to expect in the set-up operating, and sustaining (or closure) stage in managing innovation networks? Give an example of a product or program and the challenges it faced in one of these three areas

The motion picture industry is a competitive business. More than 50 studios produce a total of 300 to 400 new motion pictures each year, and the financial success of each motion picture varies considerably. Gross sales for the opening weekend, the total gross sales, the number of theaters the movie was shown in, and the number of weeks the motion picture was open are common variables used to measure the success of a motion picture. Data collected for a sample of 100 motion pictures produced in 20XX are contained in the file named Movies, linked at the bottom of the page. Use all 100 data points.

Managerial Report

Prepare a report (see below) using the numerical methods of descriptive statistics presented in this module to learn how each of the variables contributes to the success of a motion picture. Be sure to include the following three (3) items in your report.

1. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, range, and standard deviation) for each of the four variables along with an explanation of what the descriptive statistics tell us about the motion picture industry.
2. Use the z-score to determine which movies, if any, should be considered high-performance outliers in each of the four variables. If there are any outliers in any category, please list them and state for which category they are an outlier. Describe which method you used to make your determination.
3. Descriptive statistics (correlation coefficient) showing the relationship between total gross sales and each of the other three variables. Evaluate the relationships between total gross sales and each of the other three variables. Use tables, charts, graphs, or visual dashboards to support your conclusions.

Write a report that adheres to the Written Assignment Requirements under the heading “Expectations for CSU-Global Written Assignments” found in the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements.  As with all written assignments at CSU-Global, you should have in-text citations and a reference page. An example paper is provided in the MTH410 Guide to Writing with Statistics, linked at the bottom of the page.

Your report must contain the following:

• A title page in APA style.
• An introduction that summarizes the problem.
• The body of the paper should answer the questions posed in the problem by communicating the results of your analysis. Include results of calculations, as well as charts and graphs, where appropriate.
• A conclusion paragraph that addresses your findings and what you have determined from the data and your analysis.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING PRACTICE (BBAC301)

Group Assessment – (2 Students per group)
DUE Session 5.2 – Week 5

Learning Outcome Assessed: a – d

Weighting: 25%

Eric Chan operates cleaning and gardening business. Mr. Eric contributed $500,000 on 1 June 2015 into his business. The following transactions occurred in the month of June. Ignore GST.

June 1 Eric purchased a car for the business for a total cost of $60,000. The useful life was expected to be 12 years with a residual value of $3,000. Insurance for the car was also purchased for $12,000 p.a.

1 Eric signed a lease agreement to lease a suitable storage shed for a monthly rental of $12,000. Rent for 4 months was paid in advance. He also hired an assistant to help him with cleaning and lawn mowing tasks.

2 The business purchased equipment for a total cost of $180,250. A deposit of $40,000 was paid immediately and the balance was to be paid in 30 days. The equipment was expected to have a useful life of 7 years.

3 Purchased washing supplies for $4,800 cash. Purchased fuel and oil supplies for cash $7,900.

4 Signed a contract with Gulshan Advertiser Newspaper for 12 weeks of advertisements in its weekly newspaper. The business paid $9,600 in advance for these advertisements.

6 Received cash of $800 and $13,500 from clients for cleaning and law mowing services respectively.

8 Signed a contract with a new client to provide cleaning services for a monthly fee of $20,000. The client paid for 3 months’ service in advance.

13 Received cash of $14,000 for lawn mowing services provided to clients during the past week.

14 Paid the assistant wages of $8,200 for services provided to the business during the past fortnight.

21 Earned $7,300 for cleaning services from clients and $12,700 for lawn mowing during the past week. All money was received in cash except for one client for cleaning services, who arranged to pay the business $3,000 in 3 weeks’ time for service rendered.
28 Received in cash the sum of $8,000 for cleaning services provided to clients and $11,500 for lawn mowing and gardening services provided during the past week.

29 Paid the assistant $7,600 for services provided to the business during the past fortnight.

30 Eric withdrew $20,000 in cash from the business in order to pay for essential provisions for his family.

Additional information to consider:
Cleaning services of $2,500 had been rendered to clients on 29 June but the invoice to bill these clients had not been prepared.
Four weeks of advertisements had appeared in the newspaper up to 30 June.
The business had provided cleaning services to its new client for 3 weeks of the first month (assumed to be 4 weeks long).
A physical count showed that only $1,200 of washing supplies and $3,400 of fuel and oil supplies were still on hand.
Wages owing to the assistant on 30 June amounted to $2,800.

Required:

Prepare journal entries to record the June 2015 transactions for the business and post these journal entries to suitable T accounts.
Marks 6
Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as at 30 June 2015 Marks 2
Prepare a 10-column work sheet for the month ended 30 June 2015 considering all additional information and any other adjustments necessary. Marks 6
Prepare the income statement, the statement of changes in equity and the balance sheet as at 30 June 2015. Marks 4
Prepare closing entry and the suitable reversing entry Marks 3
Comment on the financial position of the business based on your prepared financial statements. Marks 4
Assignment Marking Criteria

The following assignment criteria are designed to give the student a guide as to what markers are looking for in the assignment:

Requirements A
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, presenting, organizing and interpreting financial data in the General Journal and Ledger Account 6.0 All data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP and posted it to related ledger accounts.
4.0 Most data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per GAAP and posted it to related ledger accounts.
2.0 Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the Journal as per GAAP posted it to related ledger accounts.
1.0 Very Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the Journal as per GAAP and posted it to related ledger accounts.
0.0 No attempt was made to present & calculated successfully in the Journal as per GAAP and posted it to related ledger accounts.
Requirement B
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, organizing and presenting data in the trial balance 2.0 All accurate account balances are transferred to the right part of the trial balance and the both parts of the trial balance agree.
1.0 Most accurate account balances are transferred to the right part of the trial balance and the both parts of the trial balance agree.
0.50 Few accurate account balances are transferred to the right part of the trial balance and the trial balance does not agree.
0.0 No attempt was made to prepare the trial balance.

Requirement C
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, organizing and presenting data in worksheet 6.0 All adjustments are presented & calculated successfully, accurate profit or loss is calculated by transferring income and expenses and balance sheet is prepared in the worksheet.
4.0 Most adjustments are presented & calculated successfully, however, inaccurate profit or loss is calculated by transferring income and expenses and balance sheet is prepared in the worksheet.
3.0 Few adjustments are presented & calculated successfully, however, inaccurate profit or loss is calculated by transferring income and expenses and balance sheet is prepared in the worksheet.
1.0 Very few adjustments are presented & calculated successfully, however, inaccurate profit or loss is calculated by transferring income and expenses and balance sheet is prepared in the worksheet.
0.0 No attempt was made to do the adjustments and prepare income statement and balance sheet in the worksheet.

Requirement D
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, organizing and presenting financial data in the financial statements 4.0 All data are presented & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements
3.0 Most data are presented & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements.
2.0 Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements.
1.0 Very Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements.
0.0 No attempt was made to present & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements.
Requirement E
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, presenting, organizing and interpreting financial data in the General Journal for closing and reversing entry 3.0 All data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP.
2.0 Most data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP.
1.0 Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP.
0.0 No attempt was made to present & calculate successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP.
Requirement F

Apply analytical skills of initiating and conducting research; thinking; identifying and managing information and presentation. 6.0 This assessment shows a good understanding of the materials researched and displays excellence in writing style and presentation
5.0 This assessment shows some evidence of understanding the materials researched and adequately presented
4.0 This assessment shows some evidence of understanding the materials researched and has some problems with presentation style
3.0 This assessment shows few evidence of understanding the materials researched and has some problems with presentation style
2.0 This assessment shows few evidence of understanding the materials researched and has major problems with presentation style
1.0 Little evidence of understanding and major problems in presentation style
0.0 No evidence of any research of understanding the concepts.

Reference:
Hoggett, J., Medlin, J., Edwards, L., Tilling, M. and Hogg, E. (2012). Accounting. 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd., pp224-225.

Part 2

You began writing your business analytics implementation plan in Module 3. In addition, you already have gained information about the various technological solutions discussed in the previous modules. In this assignment, you will now address ways to implement the plan along with any associated costs, as this will complete the proposal for management to make their decision.

Description of LASA

In this assignment, you will amend your existing business analytics implementation plan developed in Module 3. You will amend the existing proposal to discuss the importance of managing information systems, describe the techniques and tools used to manage the data, and explain how utilizing technology can help the organization.

Scenario

You have been hired as a business analyst for a well-known design firm. Currently, they utilize technology for their day-to-day operations but not to analyze data that could help with making business decisions. Your task is to convince management that the usage of business analytics would be a great benefit to the business and it would help the business to make well-informed decisions and thus action plans that would align with the business’s strategic planning.

The firm currently has technology in place but does not have any connected systems. The databases are all independent of each other but they do utilize a client/server environment. The firm currently has one location but is looking to add a second location in another part of the state but is unsure about whether it would be beneficial to the firm.

**The firm liked your implementation plan but have questions about how they will manage the data and how data driven decision making can help the organization versus just being an additional expense for the organization (cost of new equipment or resources).

Instructions

Using the Argosy University online library resources and the Internet, research business analytics implementation plans, especially methods of developing a rationale in support of implementation. Select at least 6 scholarly sources for use in this assignment.

Amend your existing proposal addressing the importance of Management Information Systems and managing the data for the organization.

Objectives of proposals:

1. Revise the previous proposal based upon the comments from your instructor.
2. Explain the importance of MIS in relation to data-driven decisions.
3. Describe the techniques and tools that can be utilized to manage the data. Include at least 2 effective techniques and 3 effective tools.
4. Explain how the techniques and tools can be utilized to present data to management and other organizational decision makers. Be sure to include at least 3 innovative examples that follow current best practices for managing data.
5. Explain to management how the data can add value to the business in day-to-day operations as well as long-term strategic planning. Use examples to further demonstrate how value is added to an existing organization.

Write the paper from the perspective that it will be presented to the firm’s management team as you are trying to persuade them to utilize business analytics for data-driven decision making.

The paper should contain:

• Cover Page (update date)
• Table of Contents (auto-generated by Microsoft Word and updated)
• Introduction
• Implementation Plan (5–6 pages of content revised as per instructor feedback)
• Management Information Systems Section: (5–6 pages of new content)
  • Importance of MIS
  • Techniques and Tools Utilized Along with examples
  • Added Value to Organization
• Conclusion
• References

Utilize at least 6 scholarly sources in support of your recommendations.

Make sure you write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in appropriate and accurate representation and attribution of sources; display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

Submit a 10–12-page report in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M5_A1.doc.

By Tuesday, December 8, 2015, deliver your assignment to the M5: Assignment 2 Dropbox.

Grading Criteria and Rubric

Assignment Components	Proficient	Max Points
Revise the proposal based upon feedback from instructor.	All corrections or updates are addressed in the existing proposal.	24
Explain the importance of MIS in relation to data-driven decisions.	Explanation and definition of  Management Information Systems are accurate. A clear, concise relationship of the importance of MIS to data-driven decision making is provided.	76
Describe the techniques and tools that can be utilized to manage the data.	At least 2 effective techniques and 3 effective tools are discussed in relation to how they could assist in managing the data for the organization.	52
Explain how the techniques and tools can be utilized to present the data to management.	Explanation clearly demonstrates at least 3 examples of how the techniques and tools could be utilized to present the data to management.	36
Explain how data can add value to the organization at all levels.	Explanation demonstrates how data can add value to the organization not only for day-to-day operations, but also how it can assist the organization with their long-term strategic planning.	48
Presentation Components
Organization (16) Usage and Mechanics (16) APA Elements (24) Style (8)	Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in appropriate and accurate representation and attribution of sources; and displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. APA format was used. Use of scholarly sources aligns with specified assignment requirements.	64

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING PRACTICE (BBAC301)

Group Assessment – (2 Students per group)
DUE Session 5.2 – Week 5

Learning Outcome Assessed: a – d

Weighting: 25%

Eric Chan operates cleaning and gardening business. Mr. Eric contributed $500,000 on 1 June 2015 into his business. The following transactions occurred in the month of June. Ignore GST.

June 1 Eric purchased a car for the business for a total cost of $60,000. The useful life was expected to be 12 years with a residual value of $3,000. Insurance for the car was also purchased for $12,000 p.a.

1 Eric signed a lease agreement to lease a suitable storage shed for a monthly rental of $12,000. Rent for 4 months was paid in advance. He also hired an assistant to help him with cleaning and lawn mowing tasks.

2 The business purchased equipment for a total cost of $180,250. A deposit of $40,000 was paid immediately and the balance was to be paid in 30 days. The equipment was expected to have a useful life of 7 years.

3 Purchased washing supplies for $4,800 cash. Purchased fuel and oil supplies for cash $7,900.

4 Signed a contract with Gulshan Advertiser Newspaper for 12 weeks of advertisements in its weekly newspaper. The business paid $9,600 in advance for these advertisements.

6 Received cash of $800 and $13,500 from clients for cleaning and law mowing services respectively.

8 Signed a contract with a new client to provide cleaning services for a monthly fee of $20,000. The client paid for 3 months’ service in advance.

13 Received cash of $14,000 for lawn mowing services provided to clients during the past week.

14 Paid the assistant wages of $8,200 for services provided to the business during the past fortnight.

21 Earned $7,300 for cleaning services from clients and $12,700 for lawn mowing during the past week. All money was received in cash except for one client for cleaning services, who arranged to pay the business $3,000 in 3 weeks’ time for service rendered.
28 Received in cash the sum of $8,000 for cleaning services provided to clients and $11,500 for lawn mowing and gardening services provided during the past week.

29 Paid the assistant $7,600 for services provided to the business during the past fortnight.

30 Eric withdrew $20,000 in cash from the business in order to pay for essential provisions for his family.

Additional information to consider:
Cleaning services of $2,500 had been rendered to clients on 29 June but the invoice to bill these clients had not been prepared.
Four weeks of advertisements had appeared in the newspaper up to 30 June.
The business had provided cleaning services to its new client for 3 weeks of the first month (assumed to be 4 weeks long).
A physical count showed that only $1,200 of washing supplies and $3,400 of fuel and oil supplies were still on hand.
Wages owing to the assistant on 30 June amounted to $2,800.

Required:

Prepare journal entries to record the June 2015 transactions for the business and post these journal entries to suitable T accounts.
Marks 6
Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as at 30 June 2015 Marks 2
Prepare a 10-column work sheet for the month ended 30 June 2015 considering all additional information and any other adjustments necessary. Marks 6
Prepare the income statement, the statement of changes in equity and the balance sheet as at 30 June 2015. Marks 4
Prepare closing entry and the suitable reversing entry Marks 3
Comment on the financial position of the business based on your prepared financial statements. Marks 4
Assignment Marking Criteria

The following assignment criteria are designed to give the student a guide as to what markers are looking for in the assignment:

Requirements A
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, presenting, organizing and interpreting financial data in the General Journal and Ledger Account 6.0 All data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP and posted it to related ledger accounts.
4.0 Most data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per GAAP and posted it to related ledger accounts.
2.0 Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the Journal as per GAAP posted it to related ledger accounts.
1.0 Very Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the Journal as per GAAP and posted it to related ledger accounts.
0.0 No attempt was made to present & calculated successfully in the Journal as per GAAP and posted it to related ledger accounts.
Requirement B
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, organizing and presenting data in the trial balance 2.0 All accurate account balances are transferred to the right part of the trial balance and the both parts of the trial balance agree.
1.0 Most accurate account balances are transferred to the right part of the trial balance and the both parts of the trial balance agree.
0.50 Few accurate account balances are transferred to the right part of the trial balance and the trial balance does not agree.
0.0 No attempt was made to prepare the trial balance.

Requirement C
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, organizing and presenting data in worksheet 6.0 All adjustments are presented & calculated successfully, accurate profit or loss is calculated by transferring income and expenses and balance sheet is prepared in the worksheet.
4.0 Most adjustments are presented & calculated successfully, however, inaccurate profit or loss is calculated by transferring income and expenses and balance sheet is prepared in the worksheet.
3.0 Few adjustments are presented & calculated successfully, however, inaccurate profit or loss is calculated by transferring income and expenses and balance sheet is prepared in the worksheet.
1.0 Very few adjustments are presented & calculated successfully, however, inaccurate profit or loss is calculated by transferring income and expenses and balance sheet is prepared in the worksheet.
0.0 No attempt was made to do the adjustments and prepare income statement and balance sheet in the worksheet.

Requirement D
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, organizing and presenting financial data in the financial statements 4.0 All data are presented & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements
3.0 Most data are presented & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements.
2.0 Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements.
1.0 Very Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements.
0.0 No attempt was made to present & calculated successfully in the Financial Statements.
Requirement E
Evidence of analytical skills of identifying, calculating, presenting, organizing and interpreting financial data in the General Journal for closing and reversing entry 3.0 All data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP.
2.0 Most data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP.
1.0 Few data are presented & calculated successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP.
0.0 No attempt was made to present & calculate successfully in the journal as per required by GAAP.
Requirement F

Apply analytical skills of initiating and conducting research; thinking; identifying and managing information and presentation. 6.0 This assessment shows a good understanding of the materials researched and displays excellence in writing style and presentation
5.0 This assessment shows some evidence of understanding the materials researched and adequately presented
4.0 This assessment shows some evidence of understanding the materials researched and has some problems with presentation style
3.0 This assessment shows few evidence of understanding the materials researched and has some problems with presentation style
2.0 This assessment shows few evidence of understanding the materials researched and has major problems with presentation style
1.0 Little evidence of understanding and major problems in presentation style
0.0 No evidence of any research of understanding the concepts.

Reference:
Hoggett, J., Medlin, J., Edwards, L., Tilling, M. and Hogg, E. (2012). Accounting. 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd., pp224-225.

Discuss the company activities that will make your product or service available to your target consumer. Using Exclusive distribution with a clause to move into the selective distribution market. Using Distribution

  -Consumer channel: Direct manufacturing → consumer.(i.e. Discuss channels, coverage, assortments, locations, inventory, transportation, logistics, etc.)

 

Marketing Plan: It’s a Distributions strategy for an online Beauty Arrangement gift shop.

It must to be mention Direct Distribution. Also mentions to the means in: Channel, Coverage, Assortments, Locations, Inventory, Transportation, logistics, etc.

*The Marketing plan is for one year.

*Please Carefully understand that this is a part of a Marketing plan for Group Project for Marketing class. I will be providing you with the link for the online Beauty Arrangements shop that we are working on for the marketing plan.

*You have go to the website and understand what the shop about to understand the assignments.

Write a three to four (3-4) page paper (750-1,000 words) that responds to each of the items described in the topic below.

 

 

Women’s Roles Then & Now.

 

Script a conversation between two (2) notable women from the 18th and / or 19th century on the roles women should play in society. Within the dialogue, include:

 

1.Biographical information for each woman.

 

2.The historical status for women in general during the time period in which each woman lived.

 

3.What opinions each of the women might have on the role the women should play in society during their lifetimes.

 

4.What each of the women might think about women’s current roles.

 

Furthurmore:

 

Support your ideas with specific, illustrative examples. If there are questions or points associated with your chosen topic, be sure to answer all of the listed questions and address all of the items in that topic. If your topic asks you to do several things related to the topic, be sure to do each of the things listed.

 

2.Use at least three (3) good quality academic sources, with one (1) source being the class text.

 

 

 

Note: Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.

 

The assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

 

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA Style format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions specific to the selected topic. (Note: Students can find APA style materials located in the Additional Resources section of their Student Center within their course shell for reference)

Hi Kim,
I looked over all the tutors and I think you would be perfect for the job and I would be pleased if you could help me out. This is a Group proposal for Psychology for my population of choice which is High sexual activity within adolescents. I would need a 10 page group proposal with the points listed below please look over the description and let me know if you can handle this for me this proposal is very important because it’s a large percentage of my grade so I’m asking please if you take this on you deliver. If you aren’t sure what a group proposal is check it out online by googling a written proposal to kind of get an idea. I will provide you with a link of what I would like it to mimic just with my information. I also have to use my 10 articles within my proposal which I can provide you with that as well to make it easier. Basically I will provide all the research for you to create the proposal. I’m willing to pay 70 bucks for this paper please let me know if you can do this I will need it by Tuesday of next week which is December 1st
Here are a couple of great examples of group proposals you could mimic using my articles and work flow that I provided. I also will send my articles to you in attachment that need to be used with this.

You will observe and analyze one participatory planning event

Plan on taking detailed notes during the event on the types of actors present and their involvement.

Pay attention to who the decision-makers are and how they respond to participants’ input, as well as what the outcomes of the activity are and how the information will be used.

You will write a short reflection on the event that you observed.

Describe the event, including the broader planning process the activity supports, the dynamics among the participants, the specific techniques used and their strengths and weaknesses, and the outcomes,

Next, address what you found most surprising about what you observed and why.

Conclude by suggesting ways the process could be improved upon and/or drawing lessons that could be applied to other processes, if little improvement is needed. Include at least three citations from different chapters in the class readings to support claims made.

 

instructions:

 

Includes 3 citations from the class readings

Discusses broader planning process that activity is part of

Describes dynamics among participants

Describes techniques used

Assesses strengths and weaknesses of techniques

Addresses what found most surprising

Includes suggestions or lessons learned

Grammatical correctness and clarity

1 posts
Re:Module 1 DQ 2
Attention seems to be at the front end of perception, but consideration of causality makes attention’s position in the perceptual process less obvious. Formulate what you think is the best provisional model of causality in formation of a single visual perception in a baseball game that is strongly influenced by motivation and focus of attention. Justify the structure you propose.

Many basic perceptual functions in vision involve casual inference. Grouping and segmentation is a common example. “Given the ubiquity of occlusion and other kinds of noise in visual scenes and retinal images, visual information is always fragmented and noisy, and the visual system has to determine which parts of the retinal image correspond to the same object and group together and which parts correspond to different objects and should not be grouped together” (Huang, 2006, p. 426).

Our text stated that people look longer at things that seem out of place in a scene, meaning that an individual’s attention is affected by their knowledge of what is usually found in the scene (Goldstein, 2006). With that being said, the way a person visually perceives a baseball game would be influenced by their knowledge and interests, which in turn will be directly correlated to their focus of attention (Goldstein, 2006). In the example of a baseball game, a person who has never attended a baseball game would probably scan the entire the park, including the crowd, dug outs, the field, mascots etc., without initially focusing their attention on something specific. But let’s take a person who is very familiar with baseball, their focus is generally more narrow and specific. For example, one of my favorite players is Joey Votto for the Cincinnati Reds, in addition, I played softball (catcher and short stop from the age of nine through college), my motivation and focus of attention is probably entirely different from the first-timer due to my prior knowledge, love of the game, interests, and expectations to name a few (Goldstein, 2006).

Balcetis, E., & Dunning, D. (2006). See what you want to see: motivational influences on visual perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 612-625. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.612

Goldstein, E. B., (2011). Cognitive psychology: connecting mind, research, and everyday experience, 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
Terrence Sawyer

1 posts
Re:Module 1 DQ 2
Perception is motivated by determinants and factors coming in from auditory and visual observances. Noting this is combining both top-down and bottom up processing a person playing in a baseball game will have a different perspective on observance methods then a game observer. An observer of the game will have more cognitive resources open to gain information about several things in the environment of the game (Goldstein, 2011). The player perception will be guided by a model of divided attention and covert attention based on selective focus (Goldstein, 2011). With experience of everyday aspects of the game the focus of the player will be more endogenous attention and automatic processing will be the provisional model of causality from practice keeping a consistent mapping condition (Van der Stigchel and Theeuwes, 2007). The combined mapping condition aids in bottom-up processes such as stimulus salience and top-down processes influencing task demands and enhancing cognitive functions with continuous changing scenery (Goldstein, 2011). Continuous eye movement increase attention and focus resources (Van der Stigchel and Theeuwes, 2007).

Goldstein, E. B. (2011). Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research, and everyday experience (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Van der Stigchel, S., & Theeuwes, J. (2007). The relationship between covert and overt attention in endogenous cuing. Perception & Psychophysics, 69(5), 719–731. do