Analyzed the leader’s style of life by identifying his/her goals, achievements, actions, and goals and discussed the long-term outcomes of these.

Assignment 3: Political Personalities

As we have seen this week when looking at both psychoanalytic and neo-psychoanalytic theory, much of our mental health and success in adulthood is related to the events and relationships of our childhood. Much like Freud, Alfred Adler believed that childhood events are pivotal for the adult. For Adler, his pivotal childhood events were the development of rickets which kept him from walking until the age of four and contracting a near-fatal case of pneumonia at age five. These events served to inculcate a lifelong ambition which centered around his becoming a physician in order to focus on the curing of deadly diseases.

According to Alfred Adler, all people have moments when they feel inferior. For many, such moments will lead them to strive to compensate for that weakness. When this happens, it leads to what he calls “superiority striving,” in which the person is motivated by his or her feelings of inferiority to overcome and strive for betterment, achievement, and perfection.

It is important to note that superiority striving is different from simply striving for power. Adler considered this an unhealthy desire because the sole goal is power. The way that someone strives to meet his or her goals from an Adlerian point of view is referred to as a style of life.

Adler is also known for his study of birth order and its impact on personality.

Research Adler’s theory using your textbook, the Internet, and the Argosy University online library resources. Based on your research, respond to the following:

  • Choose a social or political leader (current or past) to examine through an Adlerian framework of superiority striving and style of life.
    • Superiority Striving
      • What might be the motivation behind this leader’s career choice, according to Adler’s theory? What was this person’s perceived inferiority or weakness? How did this person obtain his or her high level of superiority striving? For example, Franklin Roosevelt’s bout with polio may have been responsible for some of his motivation.
    • Style of Life
      • What was his/her goal and unique style of life that could be used to achieve this goal? What steps did this person take to overcome their perceived inferiority?
      • Did this leader act out of social interest or for personal gain? What was the long-term outcome of his/her striving?
    • Birth Order
      • How would you apply Adler’s theory of birth order to this personality?

Format your paper so it is double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman font, and with normal one-inch margins. Include a title page with a running head, an abstract, and a reference page. Do this for all the papers for this course.

Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M1_A3.doc. For example, if your name is John Smith, your document will be named SmithJ_M1_A3.doc.

By Wednesday, December 16, 2015, deliver your assignment to the M1: Assignment 3 Dropbox.

Assignment 3 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Identified a socio-political leader and evaluated the leader’s motivation for superiority striving.
32
Analyzed the leader’s style of life by identifying his/her goals, achievements, actions, and goals and discussed the long-term outcomes of these.
32
Applied Alder’s theory of birth order to the leader’s personality development.
16
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

Evaluate evidence using the following standards: validity, reliability, and bias related to the chosen topic and accurately identify strengths and weaknesses.

he topic of your project needs to be a contemporary societal problem, such as healthcare reform, immigration reform, privacy rights, euthanasia, First Amendment Rights, stem cell research, capital punishment, corporate prisons, legalizing drugs, ageism, animal rights, cloning, prayer in schools, racial profiling, recycling/conservation, sexism, outsourcing jobs, workplace bullying, etc. The topic must focus on a single aspect, as in “How far do corporations intrude into the private lives of their employers?” or “The social costs of financing the distribution of custom-designed drugs.” You may suggest another topic to use, but the instructor must approve the topic during the Week Two Discussion.

The Final Research Project will present research relating the responsibilities of a critical thinker to contemporary society. In this assignment, you will do the following:

  • Research one aspect of a contemporary social problem.
  • Define the problem.
  • Propose a possible solution for the problem.
  • Create an argument that supports your thesis position. You should take on the perspective of a critically thinking researcher. The argument must present a thesis statement and evidence to support the thesis statement.
  • Evaluate the ethical outcomes that result from the position you take on the issue and explain how those outcomes would influence society and culture.
  • Interpret statistical data from at least two peer-reviewed scholarly sources.
  • Evaluate evidence using the following standards: validity, reliability, and bias related to the chosen topic and accurately identify strengths and weaknesses.

Research and Define the Problem

You must take on the perspective of your major field of study and explain in your paper what that perspective is and how it informs your view of the topic. The topics listed above are far too broad to write about in 10–12 pages (3,300–3,900 words). Instead, you must choose a narrowly defined thesis and approach it from the perspective of your field.

Example: If you are an economics major, and you are interested in immigration reform, you should approach a very specific aspect of immigration reform through the lens of economic theory and practice. A specific thesis question would not be, “How does illegal immigration influence the U.S. economy?” One could write thousands of pages on such a topic. Instead, a better question would be, “How do illegal immigrant hotel workers in Chicago impact the economy of Northern Illinois?” You would then want to do the research and determine the positive and negative impacts they have, ultimately trying to conclude how illegal immigration in this area should be approached ethically.

How to Hone Your Thesis: It is important that you start your research early in this course. Try to find the most important contemporary questions and theories in your field of study and then align the most important questions with a very specific aspect of the general topics above. For example, if you are a psychology major, you might want to start thinking within the realm of healthcare reform or aspects of mental health and criminality in the prison system.

Your Argument

You must present a complete argument, including a major claim with at least five points of evidence, information, or data that will prove the claim.

  • The thesis statement must be
    • A clear, simple declarative sentence as the first or last sentence in the opening paragraph of the essay.
    • Of such a nature that it can be substantiated, corroborated, verified, and proved through appeal to primary or secondary academic research source materials.
  • The introductory paragraph must
    • Present the thesis statement, an explanation for the importance of the topic, and its relation to the student’s field of study.
  • Beliefs, opinions, and personal opinions must not be introduced at any point in the essay.
  • All beliefs and opinions should be supported with academic evidence. Sweeping generalizations with no supporting academic evidence do not reflect adequate critical thinking skills.
  • Do not include rhetorical questions in your essays. All the questions that are pertinent to your project need to be answered in your essay and your answers again need to be supported with evidence from peer-reviewed journal articles and academically published books.

Attributes of Good Critical Thinking in Papers

  • Your paper should include academic sources that explain multiple sides of the issue.
  • The evidence that you use should come from high-level researchers engaged in your field of study.
  • Your interpretations of the evidence should be objective and state the conclusions and theses presented in the evidence clearly and fairly.
  • Your paper should place the various forms of evidence in relation to one another and demonstrate why one form or perspective is stronger than the other positions that one could take on the issue.
  • Your paper should point out the limitations of current evidence and attempt to indicate areas for future research.

Ethical Outcomes of the Position You Take

After you have defined the problem and created an argument about how one ought to respond to the issue, you need to explain the ethical outcomes of the position you have taken. This should again be in relation to the field of study in which you are working. There might be different ethical outcomes that result from your analysis. For example, going back to the example issue above, from an economic standpoint, illegal immigrants might contribute positively to the economy of Northern Illinois in a specific number of ways. Thus, an economist who believes that positive impact to the economy is the greatest good would say that one should promote the use of illegal immigrants. However, because these workers are often paid less than others and eliminate jobs that could be done by residents of Chicago, there could be other negative ethical outcomes that would outweigh the positive impacts to the economy. It is your goal to draw out the ethical implications of your thesis and explain the underlying rationale that is the foundation for your claim that one action is better than another.

  • Critical thinkers are those who can outline the positive and negative ethical impacts of their positions. In addition, they are able to provide a rationale for why they believe a specific position is the right position, even when it leads to negative outcomes.
  • Critical thinkers are also able to be honest and objective about the limitations and gray areas that pertain to their theses.

Final Research Project Requirements

The Final Research Project may be presented as a formal research paper (essay format), a PowerPoint presentation, a video, or a podcast equivalent to a minimum of 10 – 12 pages in APA format (approximately 3,300 – 3,900 typewritten words, excluding title page and reference pages). Written essays must adhere to all APA formatting standards and requirements, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

PowerPoint presentations must include the full text (at least 3,300 words) in the speaker notes portion of the slides, with appropriate citations, and full reference pages. PowerPoint presentations must adhere to the basic principles of PowerPoint presentation design and must include citations and references according to APA standards and requirements.

Videos and podcasts must include a full transcript, in APA format, including appropriate in-text citations and a references page.

Quotations:

There must be no more than 15% quoted content in the body of your essay. All quoted material must bear quotation marks and a full quotation citation.

Source Documents:

  • There must be 10 or more source documents used, cited, and referenced.
  • Multimedia sources (such as videos) may be used, but no more than two such sources may be used. If multimedia sources are used, then they must be authored and distributed by credible sources, such as universities, law schools, medical schools, or professors, or found in the Ashford University Library.
  • Where print documents are used for source materials, those must be peer-reviewed, scholarly journal articles, and academically published books. Popular media sources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television and radio shows, etc.) may not be used. Materials from advocacy groups (e.g., Greenpeace, Human Rights Campaign, National Organization for Women, etc.) may not be used.
  • Two of the peer-reviewed scholarly sources used must include statistical evidence, which must be accurately interpreted.
  • Sites such as ProCon.org and Wikipedia should not be used.
  • Religious texts are neither peer-reviewed nor scholarly and so may not be used in any way.

Summary Conclusion:

You must have a summary conclusion as the last paragraph(s) of the project, presenting the major point of the essay and the evidence supporting that point.

Word Count:

The content body of the project must be 3,300 words or more. The word count does not include anything in the title page, running header, or reference list. It is expected that you meet all logistical requirements of this paper.

Reference List:

  • The list of references must include only those source documents that are cited within the body of the project.
  • The project must fully comply with APA formatting standards and requirements as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center: title page, running header with page numbers, font face and size, line spacing, citations, and reference page(s).

Explain the theory and justify its selection to analyze the issue or controversy.

 

On his paper, we must identify and critique a current mass communication or media issue you consider substantial and worthy of research. Examples include the role motion pictures play in promoting or demeaning American family relationships; the role of advertising in promoting or preventing obesity; the role of Internet file-sharing in promoting free expression of ideas; or encouraging piracy of intellectual property, and so forth.

 

Next, you must explain the nature and history of the controversy and identify the major conflicting points of view in the discussion.

 

Then, you must analyze related controversies and critique the relevant arguments from the following social science perspectives:

 

  • Social Learning Theory
  • Individual Differences Theory
  • Cultivation Theory
  • Agenda-Setting Theory
  • Uses and Gratification Theory

 

Choose one social sciences or cultural studies perspectives or theories to critique a political, social, orcultural issue in contemporary mass communication. Explain the theory and justify its selection to analyze the issue or controversy. Explain, with specific examples, and analyze this issue or controversy as it relates to the following medium:

 

  • Books
  • Newspapers
  • Magazines
  • Movies
  • Radio
  • Television
  • Internet

 

Finally, you must submit your research findings and conclusions about the controversy in an analytical paper of 1600- words. Explain and support your team’s point of view, and recommend next steps to be taken with regards to future research on this topic. Conclude the paper by answering the following question:

 

  • How do you anticipate the analysis of this issue or controversy will be different 1 month, 1 year, and 10 years from now?

 

Include citations to support your research from three different peer-reviewed outside sources per team member. Format your citations consistent with APA format.

Determine the critical frequency based on calculation, simulation, and verify this critical frequency by physical hardware implementation with oscilloscope displays.

Week 7 Lab Instructions
Lab Project: Active Filter Design
Purpose and Introduction
The purpose of this lab project is to design and analyze a Sallen-Key low-pass filter with a single op amp and two RC circuits based on the specifications provided.

Project Description
Design and analyze a Sallen-Key low-pass filter with a single op amp and two RC circuits. The filter should feature a -40 dB/decade roll-off rate. The basic circuit is given in the following figure.
Sallen-Key Low-Pass Filter Circuit

For the circuit, the pre-determined values are:

You are required to do the following.
⦁ Design the unknown value of circuit component(s) to achieve 2nd order Butterworth filter response.
⦁ Determine the critical frequency based on calculation, simulation, and verify this critical frequency by physical hardware implementation with oscilloscope displays.
⦁ Perform analysis based on simulation to show the circuit frequency response (hint: select 5 frequency points, one close to the critical frequency, 2 below the critical frequency, and 2 above the critical frequency as inputs. Observe the output responses to verify the theoretical expectations).
⦁ Draw the frequency response curve based on simulation (hint: select 5 frequency points, one close to the critical frequency, 2 below the critical frequency, and 2 above the critical frequency as inputs. Observe the output responses against the selected frequencies and draw the response curve to verify the theoretical expectations).
⦁ Perform analysis based on hardware implementation to show the circuit frequency response (hint: select 5 frequency points, one close to the critical frequency, 2 below the critical frequency, and 2 above the critical frequency as inputs. Observe the output responses to verify the theoretical expectations).
⦁ Draw the frequency response curve based on hardware implementation (hint: select 5 frequency points, one close to the critical frequency, 2 below the critical frequency, and 2 above the critical frequency as inputs. Observe the output responses against the selected frequencies and draw the response curve to verify the theoretical expectations).
Formal Lab Report Guidelines
All reports are required to contain the following sections.
⦁ Title Page
⦁ Table of Contents (by page numbers)
⦁ Table of Illustrations (by page or illustration number)
⦁ Project Specifications
⦁ Written Description of Project Operation
⦁ Documentation of Software Simulation and Hardware Implementations
⦁ Appendix (Data Sheets, Reference Material, etc.)
⦁ References

The following pages describe each of the above requirements. If you have additional questions, ask your professor about them.

DESCRIPTION OF SECTIONS

⦁ TITLE PAGE

Should use one full sheet of paper with the following information centered and each line triple spaced on the page starting on approximately line 20 (of a 66-line sheet).

⦁ TABLE OF CONTENTS

The table of contents should list the page numbers of each of the listed sections.
Page numbers should be located at the bottom center of each page.

⦁ TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS

The table of illustrations should list all figures, schematics and illustrations by figure, and page numbers. Page number requirements apply to all illustrations as well.

⦁ PROJECT SPECIFICATION

⦁ DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

⦁ Project Description
⦁ Hardware Block Diagram
⦁ Input/Output Definition
⦁ Theory of Operation
⦁ Software and Hardware Operations
⦁ DOCUMENTATION OF SOFTWARE SIMULATION AND HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
⦁ Hardware Diagram
⦁ Input/Output Definition
⦁ Software Simulation Results and Findings
⦁ Hardware Implementation, Results, and Findings
⦁ The design of the circuit components and calculation process
⦁ Frequency ranges, minimum and maximum frequency -3dB points
⦁ Screenshots of simulation results and explanations
⦁ Pictures of hardware implementation, input/output displays, and related measurements

⦁ APPENDICES (DATA SHEETS, REFERENCE MATERIAL, ETC.)
⦁ REFERENCES

Points: 0 ECET220 Formal Project Report Rubric
Percent: 0%
Your Points Max Points
Complete Formal Report (40 points)
0 10 The writer has formatted the report using formal formatting, including the use of multiple heading levels, page numbers, title page, etc. The formal report should contain appropriate prefatory, text, and supplemental parts, including the following: a cover; a table of contents and list of figures; appropriately labeled body sections; and appendices, such as the list of references. The report should contain most of the report parts identified in the figure and specified in the Course Project.
0 15 The formal report fulfills the purpose of the assignment with sufficient technical in-depth and solid knowledge base at the level of the course. The report fulfills the purpose clearly and completely, using sufficient supporting information.
0 10 The report is founded upon sound research and uses at least three credible sources. The researched portions of the report are cited correctly, using APA citations.
0 5 The assignment is free of grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
0 40 A quality paper meets or exceeds the requirements listed above.
Comments:

Explain the theory and justify its selection to analyze the issue or controversy.

 

On his paper, we must identify and critique a current mass communication or media issue you consider substantial and worthy of research. Examples include the role motion pictures play in promoting or demeaning American family relationships; the role of advertising in promoting or preventing obesity; the role of Internet file-sharing in promoting free expression of ideas; or encouraging piracy of intellectual property, and so forth.

 

Next, you must explain the nature and history of the controversy and identify the major conflicting points of view in the discussion.

 

Then, you must analyze related controversies and critique the relevant arguments from the following social science perspectives:

 

  • Social Learning Theory
  • Individual Differences Theory
  • Cultivation Theory
  • Agenda-Setting Theory
  • Uses and Gratification Theory

 

Choose one social sciences or cultural studies perspectives or theories to critique a political, social, orcultural issue in contemporary mass communication. Explain the theory and justify its selection to analyze the issue or controversy. Explain, with specific examples, and analyze this issue or controversy as it relates to the following medium:

 

  • Books
  • Newspapers
  • Magazines
  • Movies
  • Radio
  • Television
  • Internet

 

Finally, you must submit your research findings and conclusions about the controversy in an analytical paper of 1600- words. Explain and support your team’s point of view, and recommend next steps to be taken with regards to future research on this topic. Conclude the paper by answering the following question:

 

  • How do you anticipate the analysis of this issue or controversy will be different 1 month, 1 year, and 10 years from now?

 

Include citations to support your research from three different peer-reviewed outsid

Estimate what Winnebago’s Gross Profit would have been for fiscal 2014 if they had used FIFO instead of LIFO to account for their inventories.

INSTRUCTIONS: Please organize your answers as a Word document with 12-point font. BE SURE TO SHOW YOUR WORK SO THAT PARTIAL CREDIT MAY BE ASSIGNED.

I. WorldCom, Inc. – Capitalized Costs and Earnings Quality (14 points total)
Answer questions (e), (f), and (g) of the WorldCom case (attached here). Be sure to show your work so that partial credit can be assigned.

II. Winnebago (36 points total)
Attached below are excerpts from the Annual Report of Winnebago Industries for their fiscal year ended on August 30, 2014. Use these excerpts to answer the following questions: (SHOW WORK)

(a) Based solely on information in Winnebago’s Cash Flow Statement, what was the net book value of property, plant, and equipment sold for cash during fiscal 2014? (6 points)

(b) Based on data for Winnebago’s property, plant, and equipment (PP&E) at 8/31/2013 and depreciation expense for fiscal 2014, estimate the weighted average useful life of their PP&E subject to depreciation. – (Hint: Keep in mind that Note 6 on Goodwill and Amortizable Intangible Assets states that amortization expense for fiscal 2014 was zero.) (6 points)

(c) Estimate what Winnebago’s Gross Profit would have been for fiscal 2014 if they had used FIFO instead of LIFO to account for their inventories. (6 points)

(d) Note that finished goods inventory decreased from 8/31/2013 to 8/30/2014 while both work-in-process and raw materials increased during the same period. Describe in one or two sentences why these inventory component changes are consistent with the nearly 18% increase in Winnebago’s net revenues for fiscal 2024? (6 points)

(e) Show the summary journal entry made by Winnebago to record income tax expense for their year ended August 30, 2014. (6 points)

(f) Winnebago has a long-term deferred tax liability that increased from $917 thousand to $992 thousand during fiscal 2014. Does this imply that depreciation expense for financial reporting purposes was greater or less than depreciation expense for tax reporting purposes? Explain the basis for your answer. (6 points)

 

Discuss some of the issues that have been undermining the performance of the reservations and documentation teams.

Read the following scenario. You will be required to develop an action plan which outlines the steps you would employ to develop competent teams.
Scenario
You are the newly appointed reservations manager of PlacesToGo Holidays, a tour wholesaler which specialises in selling air and accommodation packages to America (USA & Canada). PlacesToGo Holidays sells these packages to both travel agencies as well as direct to the general public.

The role of the reservations manager’s position entails:

Managing a team of eight junior and senior reservations staff, this includes the documentation (ticketing) staff of two
Operational activities including monitoring budgets and sales
Liaising with other departments in the organisation – namely product department, sales and marketing, accounts and management.

One of your first duties is to meet with Carlo, the newly appointed General Manager, who has only been in his role for two months. You discuss some of the issues that have been undermining the performance of the reservations and documentation teams. The main problems seem to revolve around the following issues:

General lack of overall communication between departments
Low team morale, unmotivated and disengaged
Bookings and gross sales well down from previous years
Lack of cohesion and communication between senior and junior reservations staff, where junior staff are often overwhelmed by difficult tasks and operate without direct supervision and assistance
Some reservations consultants meeting very high sales targets whilst others have very low targets and results, causing friction and conflict between team members
Mistrust between staff and management due to previous managerial team
Sloppy work, errors and subsequent complaints from customers – usually relating to bookings made by two to three particular staff members
Complaints from travel agencies on delays in receiving requested quotes and booking confirmations
Documentation team issues; only two staff members, always behind with issuing documentation according to organisation deadlines. This is especially a problem when one staff member is on sick or annual leave. Problems include often omitting issuing one or more documents in error, or issuing tickets incorrectly which then need to be re-issued. (This documentation team comprises a junior staff member and a senior staff member who are under pressure, stressed and unsure of direction). These issues have caused conflict and friction between the documentation and reservations teams.
Product department staff; miscommunication of product inclusions and prices to reservations team with reservations staff wasting time trying to solve these issues themselves
Management requires newly created organisational goals to be communicated to the team
No supervisor/s or senior staff appointed to direct teams; currently no effective leadership with staff just doing their own thing without apparent guidelines or set priorities.

While each of the team members was selected for their role on the basis of demonstrated skills and expertise, they seem unable to work together effectively. Your initial role, therefore, is that of trouble shooter, problem solver and team facilitator. You need to bring this group of people together to form a cohesive, effective and productive team.
Task
Develop an action plan and outline the procedures you would use to resolve these issues in order to develop a competent and unified reservation and documentation team.
Explain, in logical sequence, what methods you would use to develop the effective working capacity of your team.
Give reasons for your actions and your expected outcomes. Structure your action plan according to the following steps:

1. Model high standards of performance and behaviour

2. Develop team commitment and cooperation

3. Manage team performance

You will need to incorporate the following:

Explain the leadership style you would adopt and explain why you consider this to be the most effective.
List any communication and interpersonal skills you could offer to provide effective support and motivation to your teams.
Explain how you would motivate the teams in order to manufacture a positive team spirit.
Suggest ways to rebuild the principles of teamwork including how you can develop the characteristics of an effective team, and to enhance the organisation of the teams in order to promote the benefits of effective teamwork.
Consider roles and responsibilities you expect your team members to adopt, in order to be consistent with achieving organisational goals.
Some concepts you will need to consider:

consult with the team
set team and individual goals
lead by example
develop the team
support the team
improve the team
recruitment options
manage performance
delegate tasks and authority
improve lines of communication
improve morale
foster respect both within the team, departments and with management
self-assess your role and skills.

Describe the growth rates and the time period of the growth 4 points.

For an economy to grow it must increase labor, capital and/or productivity. While there are diminishing returns to capital and labor, growth from productivity is unlimited.

Governments have a role in providing the framework for sound economic growth. This includes having sound fiscal and monetary policy. Other factors that encourage GDP growth are reasonable taxes and regulation, low corruption, and openness to trade and foreign direct investment.

For this assignment you will write a paper analyzing the growth of a specific country. Identify one country that has demonstrated high GDP growth rates (over any time period) and answer the following:

  1. Describe the growth rates and the time period of the growth 4 points
  2. Explain the reason for the growth addressing:
    1. Growth of capital, labor and productivity in the economy 4 points
    2. Role of fiscal policy in GDP growth (taxes, spending and debt) 4 points
    3. Role of monetary policy in GDP growth (money supply, interest rates and inflation) 4 points
    4. Role of foreign direct investment and trade in GDP growth 4 points

The following websites are good sources of data

Note: Your assignment must be in expository essay form, comply with APA style formatting, be 3-7 pages long (not counting cover and references pages), and in MS Word.

Identify a business decision situation that requires action in your organization (retail Best Buy).

respond to the following statements. You are not required to submit the responses, but use your answers as the foundation for the assignment listed below.

1. Identify a business decision situation that requires action in your organization (retail Best Buy). Be clear and succinct.

2. Assess the current situation.

3. Identify two symptoms.

4. Identify likely problems causing each symptom.

5. Write a decision statement (this is always a question).

6. Identify research objective (potential result) that corresponds to the decision statement.

7. Restate research objective in the form of a question (known as the research question).

8. Develop a hypothesis by (1) reviewing the research objectives and identifying the variables and (2) specifying the variables in a declarative statement and describing the direction of the relationship.

Write a two-page paper based on the information from your responses. The paper should include the following headings: Current Situation, Problem Statement, Research Objective, Research Question(s), and Hypothesis. Be sure to include a title page and a reference page. Use correct APA formatting when writing your paper.

NOTE: This assignment is part of the Unit VIII Research Proposal. This assignment must be submitted in