Short essay
Question 11
Perceptual constancy is the ability that aids people to make sense of the world. It is also the ability to recognize that a given object is the same even if the objects produce different shapes or images on the retina (Myers 2002, p. 132). Therefore, perceptual constancy enables people to recognize objects without being deceived by changes in size, shape and color. Example is a case where a man watches his wife walk away. The image of the woman will shrink but it does not mean that the woman has changed in size in real sense.
Shape constancy is a situation where objects seem to have different shapes despite the fact that they make differently shaped retinal images depending on the angle of viewing (Myers 2002, p. 133). An example is a door. People will often perceive the form of the door as constant even though it may appear smaller because it is familiar.
Size constancy occurs when objects of similar size seem to have different size depending on the increase or decrease of the distance. People therefore perceive objects as having a constant size even though the distance from the object may vary (Myers 2002, p. 133). For example, people will assume that a car is large enough to carry many people even though its image from a distance may appear smaller.
Color constancy refers to a situation where different wavelengths of light are reflected from objects under variety of lighting conditions. This case is caused by the ability of the eye to adapt to different light conditions and interpretation of color based on the colors of nearby objects. Therefore, the context of the objects plays a key role. An example is of color constancy is the differences that is observed when one views a tomato placed in a tube and another placed on a bowl (Myers, 2002, p. 133). A tomato placed in a tube would seem to change with the variation of the light or wavelength reflected as opposed to the one placed on bowl as its color is going to remain constant even as the lighting shifts.
Reference
Myers, D. (2002). Psychology in Everyday Life. New York: Worth Publishers, Paperback, 2nd edition,
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