Senegal servicemen brought by France to Vietnam.

Possible issue: “The Vietnamese government, concerned by alleged negative activities of Nigerian immigrants, reportedly imposed a blanket ban on Nigerian entry to Vietnam in February 2009”
-http://web.archive.org/web/20090211221500/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=135111

Why it is interesting:
• Nigeria and Vietnam
o Migration (past reasons)
 Contracts to Vietnamese football teams
o Migration (present day) due to economic or business purposes
 Run fashion shops
 http://www.modernghana.com/news/202691/1/tough-times-nigerians-flee-to-ghana-vietnam.html
o Nigerian Union
 Help promote public image
o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkn8JI9jako
 6:50 hesitation about teaching Nigerians
 9:32 food and spices same as local Nigerian food
 13:50 volunteering for orphanage city
o http://www.vietnamonline.com/news/experience-african-culture-in-vietnam.html
o http://vietnamnews.vn/print/224951/african-initiation-rites-on-display.htm
• Senegal and Vietnam
o Indochina War
 Senegal servicemen brought by France to Vietnam
 Interracial relationships
• Openness v. disgrace
 After war, servicemen had to wait for repatriation
• Worked with local farmers
• Allowed to marry local women and build families
o Lived in “Vietnamese African Village” (Named Viet Phi)
 Village gates decorated in Arabian style
• African Americans in Vietnam
o Fought for America in the Vietnam War
 Saw highest proportion of African-Americans to serve in American war
o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vd9aIamXjQI
 Muhammad Ali
o “Amerasian”
 “My lai den bui doi”: half-black Amerasian
• http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=6535
o “It is such a homogenous society, ‘ethnically pure,’ that it’s difficult for anyone with mixed blood,” he said. “For whatever cultural reasons, they tended to be even more marginalized.”
 refugee experts said the Afro-Amerasians were often denied access to education because of their color
 Some groups have tried to help the Afro-Amerasians better understand their black heritage by incorporating lessons or literature about black history into the school curricula
 “culturally Vietnamese, politically American and genetically black.
 http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/16/nyregion/for-afro-amerasians-tangled-emotions.html
o http://www.academia.edu/4850667/From_Dust_to_Gold_The_Vietnamese_Amerasian_Experience
 Vietnamese look down on dark skin
• Equate with lower peasant class or ethnic minorities
o http://www.aavw.org/special_features/international_struggle_relations_abstract14.html
 “The black soldiers tended to view the Vietnamese with greater sympathy and when not in actual combat looked upon the white soldiers as enemies and the Vietnamese as allies and fellow sufferers”
• Trade
o http://www.vietrade.gov.vn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2380:africa-potential-market-for-both-vietnams-export-and-import&catid=20:news&Itemid=287
 “The main commodities imported by Vietnam from the African market are steel, cotton, fabric, petroleum products, chemicals, and animal feed.”
References
• http://raceshallslur.blogspot.com/2011/12/viet-africans.html
• http://tuoitrenews.vn/features/19528/african-village-in-hanoi-after-dien-bien-phu-victory
• http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/african-americans-in-combat/
• http://www.aavw.org/
o http://www.aavw.org/special_features/govdocs_cia_abstract10_full.html
• http://www.jstor.org/stable/41603563

Media/Presentation Ideas
-Found a video we could use that focuses on Nigerian students studying seafaring in Vietnam. The whole video is about 28 minutes long but half of it is dedicated to a separate issue. I marked some times that may be important to include in our presentation and the whole beginning I think is good too because it talks about what they study, how old they are, and how they came to be students. All combined, the video parts we may show would add up to about five minutes.
-Think the rest of the presentation should be via power point since we can include pictures or photos in it. Haven’t been able to find any musical or food sources of African culture though.

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