Dissertations are expected to use econometric or statistical techniques. State research results clearly and concisely, so that you communicate your findings in a reasonably short space, leaving out irrelevant material.
As a general guide, dissertations very often contain 6 main sections.
Abstract
This is the whole paper condensed to a paragraph. (It could be longer, but one paragraph is usually most appropriate.) It is important to include three things; the main problem addressed, an outline of the solution offered, and any conclusions reached. Do not hold back on any of these – you are writing an academic paper, not a thriller, so giving the game away before the conclusion does not matter!
1. Introduction & motivation (10%)
‘The context’. Why do this study? Why now? The aims of the study. The introduction is very important and is possibly best compiled by answering a series of questions as follows.
• What is the central question? Why is it important?
• Is there a problem? What is it? Why does it need to be solved?
• What is your hypothesis?
• Who will benefit from your investigation? In what sense will they benefit?
• Are there policy implications?
• In what sense will my contribution add to what is already known?
• How in general terms are you going to solve the problem, e.g., what data and what econometric estimation?
• What are the constraints, challenges or limitations of the study?
• A good way to end the introduction is to state the dissertation objectives.
2. Literature review (20%)
This is a review of what is already known and of the main themes or issues. It covers past research from relevant journals articles and books. It is a summary of what other people have written and published around the theme of your research. It is very important that you acknowledge the authorship of other people’s work.
The literature section can, and should be drafted very early. As you find the literature, read it, and write about it. Think of the literature review as a patchwork quilt– made up of paragraphs you have written about individual texts. Highlight the findings that are relevant to your theses. Be selective and focused in your literature review – don’t let it get too long or stray off your main question. Be critical of the literature – don’t just report it.
3. Economic theory and econometric model (20%)
What does economic theory tell us about your central question – what is the model framework? What is the corresponding econometric model and what are the central empirical modelling problems?
4. Data (10%) Where did you get your data from? What are its features and limitations? You should provide summary descriptive statistics. This is a presentation of the data – not a discussion in this section. It may involve the creation of tables, charts, histograms, etc., each of which should have an appropriate title or heading.
5. Analysis, presentation, interpretation of results (30%)
This is the main body of the dissertation. It is where you explore the question that you have posed and give a chain of reasoning that will justify the conclusions that you present. It should not be written as one block of text, but should be broken up into relevant sections. You may wish to draw attention to these sub-sections by giving them individual headings, but more often, this becomes cumbersome and they are better left simply as paragraphs. Footnotes should be used sparingly, if at all. Generally, all points should be made in the text of the discussion – and if they cannot, then you must ask if they need to be made at all.
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