Research Critique of a Quantitative Study in Nursing
Protection of the human participants
According to the authors, participation was necessary so as to find out whether maltreatment of the elderly in nursing homes in the Israeli framework was associated with licensed homes, not-for-profit or for-profit homes, service fees levels, or work environment. The authors did not identify any risks for participating in the study.
No. this is attributable to the fact the fact that the study followed random sampling. After the researcher had received approval to continue with the research, he sampled various departments at every care facility during different times of a day. This was done randomly. Self- administered questionnaires were then distributed to at most ten employees in every sampled department at every home.
The subjects did not participate voluntarily. There was a ninety five percent response rate since after 600 questionnaires were issued out, only 510 were completed successfully and returned. If the participants had participated voluntarily in the study, there would have been a one hundred percent response rate.
Yes. During the first stage, meetings were arranged with the individual who represented elder abuse in the long-term facilities. This was done in both the ministry of social affairs and ministry of health. This was aimed at receiving consent to carry out a study in the facilities that were under their supervision. Later, there were meetings with the facilities’ directors so as to present the study’s aims, the proposal, and questionnaires. The local ethics committee’s consent was obtained in each facility (Natan & Lowenstein, 2010). Following approval, the researcher gave the questionnaires to the participants personally. Every participant was guaranteed anonymity and the fact that the findings would be used solely for the research’s goals.
Data collection
The authors identified the two dependent variables as maltreatment existence and the various manifestations including physical neglect, mental neglect, financial exploitation, sexual violence, mental abuse, and physical violence. The independent variables involved in the study were not identified and defined (Graneheim & Lundman, 2004). Data was collected through information from every facility and staff questionnaires. The researcher use questionnaires since it was possible to fashion or design them depending on the goals of the study. The first part asked about the facility’s details and the respondents’ professional and demographic details. The second part contained questions about Iowa Dependent Adult Abuse Nursing Home. The data was collected at various times of the day. After approval and sampling of the departments, self- administered questionnaires were given out to approximately ten employees in every department at every home. The participants then completed the questionnaires on their own and returned them (Natan & Lowenstein, 2010).
Data management and analysis
Owing to the fact that the variables did not produce a normal distribution, the analysis used non-parametric tests; (MW-test) Mann-Whitney test and KS-test (Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test). Findings dealing with independent variables which were quantitative, discrete variables were examined through calculating the Spearman-coefficient correlations (Burns & Grove, 2011). This is a statistic that is utilized as a correlation measure in non-parametric statistics in cases where the data appears in nominal form. The authors do not discuss how the process’ rigor was assured. SPSS 14, a statistical computer program that includes research variables, the research population’s descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics for assessing the hypotheses was used. To reduce the researchers’ bias effects, M-W tests were used to compare findings dealing with independent variables.
Findings and interpretation of the findings
More than half of the workers involved in the study reported that they had abused the elderly and a majority of the incidents involved mental, physical, and neglect (Leininger, 1985). The interpretation for this finding was that neglect involves an omission act where the patients’ needs are not met. Respondents viewed neglect as systemic as opposed to personal denial of basic needs. Respondents do not possess a moral qualm to report such incidents and the acts originate from institutional challenges as opposed to malicious and personal intents.
The findings of the study are valid and an accurate indication of the present reality. My take is that the findings are confident since the study is a confirmation of the need for protecting the vulnerable and elderly individuals living in long-term care facilities. The researchers do not mention any limitations associated with the study (Burns & Grove, 2011).
There exists a coherent logic towards the findings’ presentation (Leininger, 1985). Maltreatment and abuse are evident and there is a need for establishing enforcement facilities and extrinsic government systems to examine facilities’ orientation periodically. This will prevent maltreatment and promote patient satisfaction. It will form an unequivocal policy decisions’ foundation to close down facilities that do not meet standards.
Policymakers and consumers in search of workforce stability involving long-term care need to advocate for increased advancement opportunities, benefits, and wages for front line workers. This is because immense hard work is required from them and they are entrusted with delicate care roles (Graneheim & Lundman, 2004). Relatives have a role in preventing and reporting elder mistreatment and abuse that paid caregivers are associated with in long-term care. Relatives need to be trained so as to ensure that they identify abuse and its signs. The researchers do not offer suggestions for future studies.
References
Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding Nursing Research (5th ed.). New York: Elsevier.
Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse education today, 24(2), 105-112.
Leininger, M. M. (Ed.). (1985). Qualitative research methods in nursing. New York: Saunders.
Natan, M. B., & Lowenstein, A. (2010). Study of factors that affect abuse of older people in nursing homes. Nursing Management17(8): 20-24.
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