Historical Systems of Power and Revolutionary Change
The Rise of Imperialism in Southeast Asia
Imperialism in Southeast Asia began in the ancient times. In the first centuries, trade in India was extremely significant throughout the Roman Egyptian Red Sea ports. Southeast Asia was colonized by European, Japanese and the United States. However, in total, Southeast Asia had seven colonies inclusive of Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and France among others. Colonialism is enhanced in order to expand one’s boundaries, to seek mercantilist profit, importation of cheap products, and for extraction of useful metals (Hall, 1981). Imperialism reflects the British politics of the time and it was first encountered in the 19th century. According to Hall (1981), the colonial policy and activity in Southeast Asia all have recognized the nature of the characteristics. Major European powers had same objectives of developing colonies overseas, the way in which this was carried out was very random than normal.
Issues that led to the rise of imperialism in Southeast Asia include differing philosophies of administrative governance, different levels of indigenous resistance, and differing periods of influence in the community. Imperialism in Southeast Asia was mainly a result of the nature of pre-colonial changes and the ability of the local communities to mix and respond to the differing policies, attractions, and challenges of colonial governance. Indigenous people who practiced animism had lived in Southeast Asia for a very long time, thus their reaction to imperialism or colonialism was in a resistant way especially those politics that had successfully achieved extreme levels of cultural, political and economic integration. The indigenous people who were receptive to European missionaries and merchants was overthrown paving way for new rulers who were found to be oriented and unreceptive to foreign religion. The native were forced to develop vital posts in south East Asia that comprised of several rival kingdoms.
The Tactics of Nonviolent Revolution in American Revolution
Freedom and democracy was achieved by the American Revolution according to studies. The king and the state began exercising power over the colonies where there was no practical precedent that a good number of colonists considered it a threat to their economic future. This mainly resulted into nonviolent resistance that led to war. The war was successful through minor nonviolent negotiations among colonists as they planned themselves to resist the British military. Therefore, this American Revolution was considered more like the velvet revolution in Eastern Europe than the violent revolution of Russia.
The Tactics of Violent Revolution in Russian revolution 1917
Russian revolution of the 1917 only meant death and injury to the ordinary person like the peasants and workers. There were rampant speculations with extreme rates of hardships and workers faced threats of conscription. Furthermore, strikes were employed in most cases and sometimes the locally garrisoned soldiers in Petrograd were the major supporters of the war. A huge strike took place in January where a big number of workers participated and in February 1917, the pressures within Russian society led into another revolution. This revolution managed to overthrow the Tsar and the absolutist regime (Scott, 1989). The 1917 Russian revolution was led by the Bolshevik party, which organized strikes, meetings and demonstrations throughout the city and they even requested arms to enable them fight the police.
According to Scott (1989), every meaningful political dynamic must involve violence or the threat of violence because without violence, the stronger will never stop exploiting the weak. However, it is always advisable for the concerned countries to evaluate the likely causes of conflicts in order to find a better solution to a problem other than fighting. This is because when properties are damaged, lives lost and animals killed, the participants’ countries are always bound to become enemies.
The above chosen revolutions both struggled very hard and thus were able to accomplish their mission. For instance, in the case of American Revolution, freedom and democracy was achieved, whereas in Russian revolution, it accomplished its goal by overthrowing the Tsar and the absolutist regime. Therefore, all the revolutions either violent or nonviolent one used its tactics well to ensure that it succeeds in achieving and accomplishing its goals during the war.
References
Hall, D. (1981). History of South-east Asia, 4th revs Ed. London, UK: Macmillan.
Scott, J. (1989).Russian teachers and peasant revolution: the politics of education in 1905. Indiana: University Press.
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