Analyze three reasons behind immigration
Introduction
Immigration from one country to another for many people is a stressful and very difficult process and may cause many changes in the lifestyles as well as their work. However, the reasons or the motivation for migration may be as well important for them to make the move. People migrate or move from one location to another or country to another for different reasons. Immigration is something that has been in existence for many years. For instance, between 1607-1830, people migrated to different locations because of many reasons such as political freedom, economic opportunity, religious tolerance, fear for their lives, free atmosphere, family reunification and forced immigration such a slavery among many others. Between 1830-1890, the reasons that made many people to migrate was mainly due to work. People were shifted to go and work in industries that were cropping up.
Definite of immigration
Immigration is defined as the movement of people from one region or country to another for them to settle. It is a process caused by different issues such as temperature, natural disaster, family unification and poverty among many others. The theory of pull and push is normally employed in understanding the causes of immigration. Push factors are the motives that makes individual to moves to another country such as economic migration where people move in search of greener pastures. Pull factors are the things that attract individuals in another country or region (Bauder, 2006).
The international organization for migration is an institution that provides statistics and trends of migration patterns (Beck, 2012). In 2006, for instance the organization estimated that the total number of foreign migrants worldwide was more than 200 million (International Organization of Migration, 2013). Out of this number, Europe was ranked the highest region that hosted many immigrants averaging to 70 million by 2005, followed by North America which hosted an approximate of 45 million immigrants and then Asia with around 25 millions (International Organization of Migration, 2013).
Major reasons for immigration
As stated earlier there are many reasons that compel people to migrate from one are or region to another. The paper delineates on various reasons behind most of the migration, some of which include, religious persecution, social factors, economic factors and political factors among others.
Economic factors have for long period been a motivating reason for people to migrate. For instance, in 1800s most of the Europeans migrated to America because of the fertile land. They went to America to till the land for their own economic benefits (Meilander, 2001). Furthermore, there was industrial growth, which attracted many people to such countries. Today many professionals migrate to other countries for better opportunities (Delener & Ventilato, 2008). The driving force for such people is to get better paying jobs to enable them earn a good living. Most of the doctors and nurses specifically in African countries have opted to migrate to other countries such as US and Europe for greener pastures (Sorhun, 2011). This kind of migration is commonly referred to as brain drain.
Therefore, people migrate in search of greener pastures and to seek greener pastures and economic freedom. Opportunities offered in other countries compel many of people to move to different countries to get the opportunity to work and liberate themselves economically.
The poverty situation in people’s home countries is also another push factor, which has made thousands of people to move to other regions or countries. Poverty is associated with low economic status. People will easily migrate to areas that they will be able to earn a living rather than stay in their native countries.
Other people migrate because of their own personal will and desire to live in the country or region of their interests. The laws of countries have allowed dual citizenship, which have opened a window to people to obtain a second citizenship and live in a foreign country as a citizen (Delener & Ventilato, 2008). Such windows therefore, have also contributed to the increased number of people that are migrating to other countries such as USA.
Furthermore, other people migrate to escape trial or because of the injustices, they are accused of doing. Therefore, such individuals run to other countries to hide. Such cases are prevalent amongst people that are criminals and those that required answering to injustices they committed.
Many employees sent to different countries to carry out different projects such as road construction, mining and explorations. These contracts last for many years before coming into completion. Such employees therefore are considered immigrants because they no longer, live in their own countries (Beck, 2012). Therefore, economic factors are one of the major factors that have made people to go out from their own countries. People will migrate to different regions to take advantage of the opportunities available.
People are also compelled to migrate because of political reasons. Political structures are very fundamental in ensuring that a country is stable. Unstable political systems for many years have caused many people to migrate (Bacon, 2004). Many people fear a country that is not peaceful and no person would want to live in such a country for fear of his or her own security. Unstable political system hamper economic growth and this affects the living conditions of the people because it deters economic growth. Poor governance is exhibited by dictatorship, increased rates of crimes and insecurity, wars and many evils (Beck, 2012). Therefore, to save themselves from such a system, people opt to move to other countries that they can live in peace and continue with their activities. Many countries that have had poor governance such as Congo, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Somalia just to name but a few have experienced high number of people moving out to the neighboring countries for their safety. The leadership of these countries has been in limbo causing wars that has made millions of the civilians to migrate to other countries or regions. The only way such movement or migration can be minimized is by ensuring that the government is stable and that all systems are working well (Bloomekatz, 2007). Few people would be migrating to other areas if their own countries are able to provide conduce environment for them to engage in their own activities.
Many social issues compel people to move from their own countries to other countries. Some of this includes family reunification, furthering studies, family conflicts among many others (One America, 2012). People who have partners working in other countries may migrate to such countries for reunification. Presently, the world has opened up because of globalization and it is now easy for people to move from part of the country to another to study (Fell & Hayes, 2007). Many people are pursuing their studies outside their countries and this is one way of immigration. Family wrangles and such like conflicts are also contributing too many people opting to fly to other countries. People make such decisions because they want to avoid unnecessary quarrels.
Family reunification also contributes to immigration. Families that have fallen apart or which have lived apart because of different reasons may decide to bury their hatchet and decide to join again. Such reunifications therefore contribute or are among reason for immigration.
Immigrations are also caused by religious persecutions. This kind of immigrations was rampant in the yester years where religious was an integral part of the society and any person who objected to certain religious paradigm was excommunicated from the community. For example, people that professed Islamic would not accommodate a Christian whose belief system was different from what they held (Bloomekatz, 2007). Therefore, such individuals were excommunicated and this caused them to move to other regions or country to take refuge.
Emigration is also caused by natural disasters such as droughts, flooding and earthquakes, famine and conflicts over resources. People will often move to other areas, which they feel that will help them continue with their normal life. Drought usually causes people to move from their homes to other areas or countries where they can access food (Fell & Hayes, 2007). This therefore is one of the reasons for people migrating. Flooding and earthquake displaces people and this forces them to seek refuge to other regions. If such incidences happen in coastlines and neighboring countries, people usually move to the neighboring country for assistance.
In this globalized world, doing business across the world has become easier and is something embraced worldwide. Therefore, different businesspersons are forced to move or migrate from their countries to others for purposes of trade. Such migrations may not last for long and may depend on the type of business dealings an individual is involved in.
In conclusion, immigration has existed for centuries and it is still going on. The reasons as to why people migrate vary from one to another and according to the period. In the 19th century for instance, most of the migration was for work, fertile soils, religious persecution and political turmoil. However as time moves, the reasons keep on varying. Nowadays most immigration is economically motivated and people are searching for greener pasture. The level of poverty has also increased the rate of immigrations. Social reasons and political reasons are also major reasons that compel people to move from their countries to other countries. Nevertheless, regardless of the reasons, it is imperative that migration continues to be experienced especially in this era of globalization. The world has become a global village and people can keep in touch from anywhere in the world.
References
Bacon, D. (2004). The Political Economy of Immigration Reform: The Corporate Campaign for a U.S. Guest Worker Program, Multinational Monitor, 25(11), 9- 13.
Bauder, H. (2006). Labor Movement: How Migration Regulates Labor Markets, New York: Oxford University Press.
Beck, J. (2012). Henry George and Immigration, American Journal of Economics & Sociology, 71(4): 966-987
Bloomekatz, R. (2007). Rethinking Immigration Status Discrimination and Exploitation in the Low-wage Workplace. UCLA Law Review, 54(6), 1963-2010.
Coppa, F., & Curran, T. (1973). The Immigration Experience in America: Twayne Publishers, Boston.
Delener, N., & Ventilato, J. (2008). Immigration and the U.S. economy: a strategic perspective, Proceedings of the Northeast Business & Economics Association, 155-159
Fell, P., & Hayes, D. (2007). What are they Doing Here? A Critical Guide to Asylum and Immigration, Birmingham, Venture Press.
International Organization of Migration. (2013). About us. Retrieved from: http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home.html
Meilander, P. (2001). Towards a Theory of Immigration. Palgrave Macmillan.
One America. (2012). Root causes of migration-Fact sheet-. Retrieved from: http://www.weareoneamerica.org/root-causes-migration-fact-sheet
Sorhun, E. (2011). Economic and Social Motivation-Based Im/migration Modeling: The Case of Turkey, Review of Development Economics, 15(2): 356-369
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