Nutritional requirements during the pregnancy
Definition
Pregnancy mothers are required to eat selected food rich in nutrients to ensure that they promote their own health and that of the fetus and at the same time protect themselves from complication. Nutritional diets concern eating food diets that are rich in various nutritional levels.
Prognosis
Pregnant mothers require food rich in minerals and vitamins for themselves and for their baby. They are also required to take food that are low in empty calories obtained from food such a soft drinks solid fats, added sugars, fried foods, whole milk, cheese, and fatty meats (Wallis & Sadftlas, 2008). The food choices should also be fat free and should have no or fewer calories (United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2013). It is also advised for these pregnancy mothers to take prenatal mineral and vitamins in addition to eating healthy diets to ensure that the baby gets important and necessary nutrients such as iron and folic acid. The foods need to be consumed in moderations moderation. Furthermore, pregnancy women are not required to drink alcohol and engage in smoking as these may have developmental and behavioral problem to the baby. It may even result to more severe complications to children such as mental retardation and malformation (Wallis & Sadftlas, 2008).
Special nutritional requirements to prevent preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a syndrome associated with high blood pressure and protein in the urine. This condition causes complications in the fetus such as prematurity and growth restrictions. Redundancy growth is due to reduced blood flow to placenta and this leads to shortage in nutrition supply to the fetus (Wallis & Sadftlas, 2008). This therefore led to small baby and premature birth. Nutritional interventions have been cited to help reduce the risk of developing preeclampsia. The pregnancy mother should take calcium and fiber (Hofmeyr et al. 2007). Those at risk furthermore, need to consume enough dairy products, vegetables and fruits before and during pregnancy. Women should also be encouraged to take selenium found in foods such as fortified cereal, grains and Brazil nuts. Those with low levels of selenium have higher chances-4 times of suffering from preeclampsia compared to those that have higher levels (Rayman et al 2003).
References
Hofmeyr, G., Duley, L., & Atallah, A. (2007). Dietary calcium supplementation for prevention of pre-eclampsia and related problems: A systematic review and commentary, BJOG 114(8): 933-943
Rayman, M/. Bode, P., & Redman, C. (2003). Low selenium status is associated with the occurrence of the pregnancy disease preeclampsia in women from the United Kingdom, American journal of Obstetrics and gynecology, 189(5): 1343-1349.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2013). Nutritional needs during pregnancy. Retrieved from: http://www.choosemyplate.gov/pregnancy-breastfeeding/pregnancy- nutritional-needs.html
Willis, A/. & Saftlas, A. (2008). A gram or prevention: a modest increase in fiber consumption may reduce risk of preeclampsia. American journal of hypertension, 21(8): 849-850.
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